The Lab’ayu Revolt. The Letters of Tell el-Amarna and the Political Context of Canaan before Israel
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May 6, 2019
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José Ademar Kaefer
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-2810
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-2810
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present the revolt that took place in Canaan under the leadership of Lab’ayu, ruler of Shechem, shortly before the emergence of Israel, which had the adhesion of several city-states of that region. The study will be done by analyzing the letters found at Tell el-Amarna and sent to Pharaoh by Lab’ayu (EA 252-254) by Tagi, ruler of Ginti-Kirmil (EA 264-266), and by Mut-Ba’lu, ruler of Pella (EA 255-256). It is noted in these letters that the territory conquered by the Lab’ayu revolt is similar to what King Saul, the first monarch of Israel, occupied a few centuries later.
Keywords
History of Israel, Lab’ayu, Shechem, Tagi, Mut-Ba’lu, Pella, Tell el- Amarna, HermeneuticsHistória de Israel, Lab’ayu, Siquém, Tagi, Mut-Ba‘lu, Pella, Tell el-Amarna
References
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Bogaert, Pierre-Maurice y otros. Diccionario enciclopédico de la Biblia. Barcelona: Herder, 1993.
Campbell, Edward. “Shechem in the Amarna Archive”. En Shechem: The Biography of a Biblical City, por G. Ernest Wright, 191-207. New York (NY): McGraw-Hill, 1965.
Cochavi-Raney, Zipora (ed.). The El-Amarna Correspondence. A New Edition of the Cuneiform Letters from de Site of El-Amarna Based on Collations of all Extant Tablets. Vol. 2. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2015.
Finkelstein, Israel. “The Last Lab’ayu: King Saul and the Expansion of the First North Israelite Territorial Entity”. En Essays of Ancient Israel in Its Near Eastern Context. A Tribute to Nadav Na’aman, por Y. Amit; E. Ben Zevi; I. Finkelstein; e O. Lipchits, 171-193. Wininona Lake (IN): Eisenbraus, 2006.
Finkelstein, Israel e Nadav Na’aman. “Shechem of the Amarna Period and the Rise of the Northern Kingdom of Israel”. Israel Exploration Journal 55 (2005): 172-193.
Goren, Yuval; Israel Finkelstein; Nadav Na’aman. Inscribed in Clay: Provenance Study of the Amarna Letters and other Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, 2004.
Hendel, Ron. “The Exodus as Cultural Memory: Egyptian Bondage and the Song of the Sea”. En Israel’s Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective. Quantitative Methods in the Humanities and Social Sciences, por T. E. Levy y otros, 65-77. Cham (Switzerland): Springer International Publishing, 2015.
Horowitz, Wayne. “An Inscribed Clay Cylinder from Amarna age Beth Shean”. Israel Exploration Journal 46 (1996): 208-217.
Kaefer, José Ademar. “À procura de Saul! Uma análise de Primeiro Samuel 9-(12)14”. Horizonte 42 (2016): 402-426.
_____. Arqueologia das terras da Bíblia. São Paulo: Paulus, 2012.
_____. “As cartas de Tell El-Amarna e o contexto egípcio nos reinados de Amenhotep III e Amenhotep IV (Akenaton)”. Estudos de religião 32/1 (2018): 121-140.
Moran, William. The Amarna Letters. Baltimore-London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Mynarová, Jana. “A Comment on the Opening Passages of the Amarna Letters. Its Structure and Its Address”. Archiv orientální – Quaterly Journal of African and Asian Studies 73 (2005): 397-406.
_____. Language of Amarna: Language of Diplomacy. Perspectives on the Amarna Letters. Praga: University of Prague Press, 2007.
Na’aman, Nadav. “Biryawaza of Damascus and the date of Kamid El-Loz ‘Apiru Leters”. Ugarit-Forschungen 20 (1988):179-193.
_____. “The Contribution of the Amarna Letters to the Debate on Jerusalem’s Political Position in the Tenth Century B. C. E”. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 304 (1996): 17-27.
Rainey, Anson. The El-Amarna Correspondence. A New Edition of the Cuneiform Letters from de Site of El-Amarna Based on Collations of all Extant Tablets. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2015.
Van Seters, John. Em busca da história. Historiografia no mundo antigo e as origens da história bíblica. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, 2008.
Bogaert, Pierre-Maurice y otros. Diccionario enciclopédico de la Biblia. Barcelona: Herder, 1993.
Campbell, Edward. “Shechem in the Amarna Archive”. En Shechem: The Biography of a Biblical City, por G. Ernest Wright, 191-207. New York (NY): McGraw-Hill, 1965.
Cochavi-Raney, Zipora (ed.). The El-Amarna Correspondence. A New Edition of the Cuneiform Letters from de Site of El-Amarna Based on Collations of all Extant Tablets. Vol. 2. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2015.
Finkelstein, Israel. “The Last Lab’ayu: King Saul and the Expansion of the First North Israelite Territorial Entity”. En Essays of Ancient Israel in Its Near Eastern Context. A Tribute to Nadav Na’aman, por Y. Amit; E. Ben Zevi; I. Finkelstein; e O. Lipchits, 171-193. Wininona Lake (IN): Eisenbraus, 2006.
Finkelstein, Israel e Nadav Na’aman. “Shechem of the Amarna Period and the Rise of the Northern Kingdom of Israel”. Israel Exploration Journal 55 (2005): 172-193.
Goren, Yuval; Israel Finkelstein; Nadav Na’aman. Inscribed in Clay: Provenance Study of the Amarna Letters and other Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, 2004.
Hendel, Ron. “The Exodus as Cultural Memory: Egyptian Bondage and the Song of the Sea”. En Israel’s Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective. Quantitative Methods in the Humanities and Social Sciences, por T. E. Levy y otros, 65-77. Cham (Switzerland): Springer International Publishing, 2015.
Horowitz, Wayne. “An Inscribed Clay Cylinder from Amarna age Beth Shean”. Israel Exploration Journal 46 (1996): 208-217.
Kaefer, José Ademar. “À procura de Saul! Uma análise de Primeiro Samuel 9-(12)14”. Horizonte 42 (2016): 402-426.
_____. Arqueologia das terras da Bíblia. São Paulo: Paulus, 2012.
_____. “As cartas de Tell El-Amarna e o contexto egípcio nos reinados de Amenhotep III e Amenhotep IV (Akenaton)”. Estudos de religião 32/1 (2018): 121-140.
Moran, William. The Amarna Letters. Baltimore-London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Mynarová, Jana. “A Comment on the Opening Passages of the Amarna Letters. Its Structure and Its Address”. Archiv orientální – Quaterly Journal of African and Asian Studies 73 (2005): 397-406.
_____. Language of Amarna: Language of Diplomacy. Perspectives on the Amarna Letters. Praga: University of Prague Press, 2007.
Na’aman, Nadav. “Biryawaza of Damascus and the date of Kamid El-Loz ‘Apiru Leters”. Ugarit-Forschungen 20 (1988):179-193.
_____. “The Contribution of the Amarna Letters to the Debate on Jerusalem’s Political Position in the Tenth Century B. C. E”. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 304 (1996): 17-27.
Rainey, Anson. The El-Amarna Correspondence. A New Edition of the Cuneiform Letters from de Site of El-Amarna Based on Collations of all Extant Tablets. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2015.
Van Seters, John. Em busca da história. Historiografia no mundo antigo e as origens da história bíblica. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, 2008.
How to Cite
Kaefer, J. A. (2019). The Lab’ayu Revolt. The Letters of Tell el-Amarna and the Political Context of Canaan before Israel. Theologica Xaveriana, 69(188). https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.tx69-188.rlctec
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