“The song of Moses and the Lamb” (Rev 15:3-4). Sing and celebrate from the margins of culture
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Jul 26, 2018
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Tarcisio H. Gaitán B., C. P.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-0118
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-0118
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Abstract
“The song of Moses and the Lamb” (Rev 15:3-4) is a good example of the legacy preserved in the biblical texts on the cultural, social, political and religious contexts in which they were composed. The author of the Book of Revelation is particularly interested in motivating readers to adopt a different perspective to what they were living and to act accordingly with this new point of view, which should be born of the faith in the slaughtered Lamb. Facing the propaganda and terror imposed by the Roman Empire, Christians took countercultural options. This “fascinating and suggestive” song testifies to the ability of Christians to proclaim that the Lamb has made them all a new people, that of those who have been victorious over the beast.
Keywords
Book of Revelation, Apocalypse, Hymns, Imperial cult, Cultural resistanceApocalipsis, himnos, culto imperial, resistencia cultural
References
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Arens, Eduardo; Manuel Díaz; y Tomás Kraft. “Apocalipsis”. En: Comentario Bíblico Internacional, dirigido por William R. Farmer, 1677-1709. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 1999.
Arens, Eduardo y Manuel Díaz Mateos. Apocalipsis, la fuerza de la esperanza. Estudio, lectura y comentario. Lima: CEP, 2000.
Aune, David. “Excursus 4B: Hymns in Revelation”. En Revelation 1–5, por D. Aune. En Nelson’s Electronic Bible Reference Library. Nashville (TN): Thomas Nelson Inc., 1998.
_____. Revelation 1–5. Nelson’s Electronic Bible Reference Library. Nashville (TN): Thomas Nelson Inc., 1998.
_____. Revelation 6–16. Nelson’s Electronic Bible Reference Library. Nashville (TN): Thomas Nelson Inc., 1998.
Beale, Gregory K. The Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids (MI): Eerdmans, 2013.
Betz, Otto. “μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα”. En: Diccionario exegético del Nuevo Testamento, dirigido por Horst Balz y Gerhard Schneider II, 198-203. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1998.
Biguzzi, Giancarlo. Apocalisse. Milano: Paoline 2011.
Blass, Friedrich y Albert Debrunner. Grammatica del greco del Nuovo Testamento. Brescia: Paideia, 1997.
Boring, M. Eugene. Apocalisse. Torino: Claudiana, 2008.
Callahan, Allen Dwight. “The Language of Apocalypse”. The Harvard Theological Review 88, No. 4 (1995): 453-470.
Carter, Warren. “Accommodating ‘Jezebel’ and Withdrawing John: Negotiating Empire in Revelation Then and Now”. Interpretation 63 (1) (2009): 32-47.
Charles, Robert Henry. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Revelation of St. John. Vol. I. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1920.
Contreras, Francisco. El Señor de la vida. Lectura cristológica del Apocalipsis. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1991.
Del Olmo Veros, Rafael. “El culto al emperador”. Religión y cultura 57 (2011): 83-116.
Díez Macho, Alejandro (dir.). Apócrifos del Antiguo Testamento IV. Madrid: Cristiandad, 1984.
Friesen, Steven J. Imperial Cults and the Apocalypse of John. Reading Revelation in the Ruins. New York (NY): Oxford University Press, 2001.
_____. Twice Neokoros. Ephesus, Asia and the Cult of the Flavian Imperial Family. Leiden: Brill, 1993.
Gallusz, Lásló. “The Exodus Motif in Revelation 15–16: its Background and Nature”. Andrews University Seminary Studies 46 (2008): 21-43.
Hawkin, David J. “The Critique of Ideology in the Book of Revelation and its Implications for Ecology”. Ecotheology 8 (2003): 161-172.
Jaillier, Catherine. El Apocalipsis de Juan, una mirada desde la propaganda. Medellín: Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, 2012.
Korner, Ralph J. “‘And I saw…’ An Apocalyptic Literary Convention for Structural Identification in the Apocalypse”. Novum Testamentum 42 (2000): 160-183.
Londoño, Juan Esteban. “Hermenéuticas poscoloniales”. Alternativas. Revista de análisis y reflexión teológica 49 (2016): 1-16.
López, Ricardo y Pablo Richard. Evangelio y Apocalipsis de San Juan. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 2006.
Mathewson, David. “Assessing Old Testament Allusions in the Book of Revelation. The Evangelical Quaterly 75:4 (2003): 311-325.
Morton, Russell. “Glory to God and to the Lamb: John’s Use of Jewish and Hellenistic/ Roman Themes in Formatting His Theology in Revelation 4–5”. Journal for the Study of the New Testament 83 (2001): 89-109.Moyise, Steve. “The Language of the Old Testament in the Apocalypse”. Journal for the Study of the New Testament 76 (1999): 97-113.
Nestle, Eberhard y Kurt Aland (dirs.), Novum Testamentum Graece (28.ava ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2015.
Pikaza, Xabier. Apocalipsis. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 1999.
Prigent, Pierre. L’Apocalisse di S. Giovanni. Roma: Borla, 1985.
Rengstorf, K. H. “δοῦλος [esclavo]”. En: Compendio del Diccionario teológico del Nuevo Testamento, dirigido por Gerhard Kittel y Gerhard Friedrich, 183-186. Grand Rapids (MI): Desafío, 2003.
Schüssler-Fiorenza, Elisabeth. Apocalipsis. Visión de un mundo justo. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 2003.
Selden, Raman; Peter Widdowson; y Peter Brooker. La teoría literaria contemporánea. Barcelona: Ariel, 2010.
Simoens, Yves. Apocalisse di Giovanni. Apocalisse di Gesù Cristo. Bologna: Dehoniana 2010.
Stam, Juan. Apocalipsis. Tomo III: capítulos 12 al 16. Buenos Aires: Kairós, 2009.
Tavo, Felise. “The Structure of the Apocalypse. Re-Examining a Perennial Problem”. Novum Testamentum 47 (2005): 47-68.
Tuñí, Josep-Oriol y Xavier Alegre. Escritos joánicos y cartas católicas. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 1998.
Vanni, Ugo. La struttura letteraria dell’Apocalisse. Brescia: Morcelliana, 1980.
_____. Apocalisse. Brescia: Queriniana, 1982.
_____. Apocalisse. Traccia e complemento delle lezioni. Roma: PIB, 1999.
Vílchez, José. Sabiduría. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 1990.
Weiser, A. “δουλεύω”. En: Diccionario exegético del Nuevo Testamento, dirigido por Horst Balz y Gerhard Schneider II, 1059-1070. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1998.
Whiteley, Iwan M. “An Explanation for the Anacolutha”. Filología neotestamentaria 20 (2007): 33-50.
_____. “Cataphora and Lack of Clarity in the Book of Revelation”. Filología neotestamentaria 21 (2008): 75-90.
Yarbro Collins, Adela. The Combat Myth in the Book of Revelation. Eugene (OR): Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2001.
Arens, Eduardo; Manuel Díaz; y Tomás Kraft. “Apocalipsis”. En: Comentario Bíblico Internacional, dirigido por William R. Farmer, 1677-1709. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 1999.
Arens, Eduardo y Manuel Díaz Mateos. Apocalipsis, la fuerza de la esperanza. Estudio, lectura y comentario. Lima: CEP, 2000.
Aune, David. “Excursus 4B: Hymns in Revelation”. En Revelation 1–5, por D. Aune. En Nelson’s Electronic Bible Reference Library. Nashville (TN): Thomas Nelson Inc., 1998.
_____. Revelation 1–5. Nelson’s Electronic Bible Reference Library. Nashville (TN): Thomas Nelson Inc., 1998.
_____. Revelation 6–16. Nelson’s Electronic Bible Reference Library. Nashville (TN): Thomas Nelson Inc., 1998.
Beale, Gregory K. The Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids (MI): Eerdmans, 2013.
Betz, Otto. “μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα”. En: Diccionario exegético del Nuevo Testamento, dirigido por Horst Balz y Gerhard Schneider II, 198-203. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1998.
Biguzzi, Giancarlo. Apocalisse. Milano: Paoline 2011.
Blass, Friedrich y Albert Debrunner. Grammatica del greco del Nuovo Testamento. Brescia: Paideia, 1997.
Boring, M. Eugene. Apocalisse. Torino: Claudiana, 2008.
Callahan, Allen Dwight. “The Language of Apocalypse”. The Harvard Theological Review 88, No. 4 (1995): 453-470.
Carter, Warren. “Accommodating ‘Jezebel’ and Withdrawing John: Negotiating Empire in Revelation Then and Now”. Interpretation 63 (1) (2009): 32-47.
Charles, Robert Henry. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Revelation of St. John. Vol. I. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1920.
Contreras, Francisco. El Señor de la vida. Lectura cristológica del Apocalipsis. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1991.
Del Olmo Veros, Rafael. “El culto al emperador”. Religión y cultura 57 (2011): 83-116.
Díez Macho, Alejandro (dir.). Apócrifos del Antiguo Testamento IV. Madrid: Cristiandad, 1984.
Friesen, Steven J. Imperial Cults and the Apocalypse of John. Reading Revelation in the Ruins. New York (NY): Oxford University Press, 2001.
_____. Twice Neokoros. Ephesus, Asia and the Cult of the Flavian Imperial Family. Leiden: Brill, 1993.
Gallusz, Lásló. “The Exodus Motif in Revelation 15–16: its Background and Nature”. Andrews University Seminary Studies 46 (2008): 21-43.
Hawkin, David J. “The Critique of Ideology in the Book of Revelation and its Implications for Ecology”. Ecotheology 8 (2003): 161-172.
Jaillier, Catherine. El Apocalipsis de Juan, una mirada desde la propaganda. Medellín: Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, 2012.
Korner, Ralph J. “‘And I saw…’ An Apocalyptic Literary Convention for Structural Identification in the Apocalypse”. Novum Testamentum 42 (2000): 160-183.
Londoño, Juan Esteban. “Hermenéuticas poscoloniales”. Alternativas. Revista de análisis y reflexión teológica 49 (2016): 1-16.
López, Ricardo y Pablo Richard. Evangelio y Apocalipsis de San Juan. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 2006.
Mathewson, David. “Assessing Old Testament Allusions in the Book of Revelation. The Evangelical Quaterly 75:4 (2003): 311-325.
Morton, Russell. “Glory to God and to the Lamb: John’s Use of Jewish and Hellenistic/ Roman Themes in Formatting His Theology in Revelation 4–5”. Journal for the Study of the New Testament 83 (2001): 89-109.Moyise, Steve. “The Language of the Old Testament in the Apocalypse”. Journal for the Study of the New Testament 76 (1999): 97-113.
Nestle, Eberhard y Kurt Aland (dirs.), Novum Testamentum Graece (28.ava ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2015.
Pikaza, Xabier. Apocalipsis. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 1999.
Prigent, Pierre. L’Apocalisse di S. Giovanni. Roma: Borla, 1985.
Rengstorf, K. H. “δοῦλος [esclavo]”. En: Compendio del Diccionario teológico del Nuevo Testamento, dirigido por Gerhard Kittel y Gerhard Friedrich, 183-186. Grand Rapids (MI): Desafío, 2003.
Schüssler-Fiorenza, Elisabeth. Apocalipsis. Visión de un mundo justo. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 2003.
Selden, Raman; Peter Widdowson; y Peter Brooker. La teoría literaria contemporánea. Barcelona: Ariel, 2010.
Simoens, Yves. Apocalisse di Giovanni. Apocalisse di Gesù Cristo. Bologna: Dehoniana 2010.
Stam, Juan. Apocalipsis. Tomo III: capítulos 12 al 16. Buenos Aires: Kairós, 2009.
Tavo, Felise. “The Structure of the Apocalypse. Re-Examining a Perennial Problem”. Novum Testamentum 47 (2005): 47-68.
Tuñí, Josep-Oriol y Xavier Alegre. Escritos joánicos y cartas católicas. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 1998.
Vanni, Ugo. La struttura letteraria dell’Apocalisse. Brescia: Morcelliana, 1980.
_____. Apocalisse. Brescia: Queriniana, 1982.
_____. Apocalisse. Traccia e complemento delle lezioni. Roma: PIB, 1999.
Vílchez, José. Sabiduría. Estella (Navarra): Verbo Divino, 1990.
Weiser, A. “δουλεύω”. En: Diccionario exegético del Nuevo Testamento, dirigido por Horst Balz y Gerhard Schneider II, 1059-1070. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1998.
Whiteley, Iwan M. “An Explanation for the Anacolutha”. Filología neotestamentaria 20 (2007): 33-50.
_____. “Cataphora and Lack of Clarity in the Book of Revelation”. Filología neotestamentaria 21 (2008): 75-90.
Yarbro Collins, Adela. The Combat Myth in the Book of Revelation. Eugene (OR): Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2001.
How to Cite
Gaitán B., C. P., T. H. (2018). “The song of Moses and the Lamb” (Rev 15:3-4). Sing and celebrate from the margins of culture. Theologica Xaveriana, 68(186). https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.tx68-186.cmcc
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