This article reflects on how cartography constitutes of a unique spatial language, which produces a political image of the territory that illustrates prevailing power concepts. The emphasis on the map, for this discussion, tries to introduce a question about the ethical and political implications inherent in cartography and open a door to explore the connections between cartography, social representations of the territory and spatial behavior of individuals and social collectives. The article begins with a brief review of the history of cartography, and then turns its attention to critical cartography and the possibilities of using “cognitive maps” as a methodology to execute cartographical exercises with local communities. Some crucial challenges for a collaborative and interactive cartography are suggested at the end.