Palavras-chave
desenho
memória
etnografia
colaboração
migração
Como Citar
Resumo
Este artigo examina o uso colaborativo da animação e do desenho na pesquisa etnográfica para explorar as memórias e os mundos imaginários de pessoas que vivenciaram a travessia ilegal pelo Mediterrâneo. Ao trabalhar com três homens egípcios na Itália, a antropóloga Alexandra D’Onofrio e a animadora Francesca Cogni convidaram os participantes a se envolverem em storytelling, fotografia e animação participativa de suas experiências de travessia. O principal experimento metodológico consistiu em animar sem um storyboard, dando lugar ao desenho improvisado e à cocriação de narrativas em tempo real. Essa abordagem incentivou os participantes a reimaginar seus passados e representar suas experiências à medida que se desenrolavam, acompanhados pela expertise da animadora em técnicas de desenho e stop motion. O processo abriu caminho para a agência dos participantes na construção de suas próprias narrativas, ao mesmo tempo em que desafiava métodos etnográficos convencionais. Nesse contexto, a animação emerge como uma prática tanto criativa quanto ética, oferecendo aos antropólogos uma ferramenta dinâmica de colaboração e gerando novas perspectivas sobre o fluxo no qual identidades e memórias são formadasAntze, P., & Lambek, M. .1996). Tense Past: Cultural Essays in Trauma and Memory, Routldedge.
Berger, J. (2005). On Drawing. Occasional Press.
Bolton, G. .2010). Reflective Practice - Writing & Professional Development. SAGE.
Callus, P. (2012). Reading Animation through the Eyes of Anthropology: A Case Study of Sub-Saharan African Animation. Animation an Interdisciplinary Journal, 7(2), 113-130.
Cangiá, F., & Zittoun, T. (2020). Exploring the Interplay between (Im)Mobility and Imagination. Culture & Psychology, 26(4), 641-653. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X19899063
Casey, E. .1993). Getting Back into Place: Toward a New Understanding of the Place-World. University of Indiana Press.
Cox, R., Irving, A., & Wright, C. (2016). Introduction: The Sense of the Senses. In R. Cox, A. Irving, & C. Wright (Eds.), Beyond Text? Critical Practices and Sensory Anthropology (pp. 1-19). Manchester University Press.
D’Onofrio, A. (2017a). Reaching Horizons: Exploring Past, Present and Future: Existential Possibilities of Migration and Movement through Creative Practice [PhD dissertation]. University of Manchester, England.
D’Onofrio, A. (2017b). Reaching for the Horizon: Exploring Existential Possibilities of Migration and Movement within the Past–Present–Future through Participatory Animation. In J. Salazar, S. Pink, A. Irving, & J. Sjöberg (Eds.), Anthropologies and Futures: Researching Emerging and Uncertain Worlds (pp. 189-207). Bloomsbury.
D’Onofrio, A. (2020a). Mohamed’s first step [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/453696490
D’Onofrio, A. (2020b). Ali’s escape route [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/453691292
D’Onofrio, A. (2020c). Mohamed’s escape – the experience and the imagination [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/453694193
D’Onofrio. (Dir.). (2021). Mahmoud’s Crossing – Animation [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/516986355
D’Onofrio, A. (2022). Mahmoud’s Escape – reception of minors [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/779382498
D’Onofrio, A. (2024). The phone call and the Invisible Man [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/951945303
D’Onofrio, A. (2025a). Resonating Identification Photographs: Longing for Possibilities within and Beyond the Border Regime’s Visual Framing. Visual Ethnography, 14(1), 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12835/ve2024.2-172
D’Onofrio, A. (2025b). Ethnographic Animation. In P. Vannini (Ed.), The Routledge International Handbook of Ethnographic Film and Video (2nd ed.). Routledge.
D’Onofrio, A. (2025c). Port Ali – a photograph of the future [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/1109303452
D’Onofrio, A. (Dir.). (2018). It Was Tomorrow [Film]. Arts and Humanities Research Council, University of Manchester. Journal of Anthropological Films, 3(2), e2757. https://doi.org/10.15845/jaf.v3i02.2757
Edwards, B. (1979). Drawing on the Right Side of Brain. Penguin Putnam.
Gaibazzi, P. (2012). “God’s Time is the Best”: Religious Imagination and the Wait for Emigration in the Gambia. In K. Graw, & S. Schielke (Eds.), The Global Horizon - Expectations of Migration in Africa and the Middle East (pp. 121-136). Leuven University Press.
Gallagher K. (2007). Dark Dramas: The Occupied Imagination. In K. Gallagher (Ed.), The Theatre of Urban: Youth and Schooling in Dangerous Times (pp. 128-139). The University of Toronto Press.
Gatta, G. (2018). “Half Devil and Half Child”: An Ethnographic Perspective on the Treatment of Migrants on their Arrival in Lampedusa. In G. Proglio, L. Odasso (Eds.),Border Lampedusa (pp. 33-51). Palgrave Macmillan.
Giordano, C. (2015). Lying the Truth: Practices of Confession and Recognition. Current Anthropology,56(15), S211-S220.
Graw, K., & Schielke, S. (2012). Introduction: Reflections on migratory expectations in Africa and beyond. In K. Graw, & S. Schielke (Eds.), The Global Horizon: Expectations of Migration in Africa and the Middle East (pp.7-22). Leuven University Press.
Hamdy, S., & Moll, Y. (2024). Visualizing Erasure: Co‑Creating Comics and Animation from Revolutionary Street Art to Nubian Memories of Displacement in Egypt. Visual Anthropology Review, 40(2), 264–280. https://doi.org/10.1111/var.12343
Hogan, S., & Pink, S. (2010). Routes to Interiorities: Art Therapy and Knowing in Anthropology. Visual Anthropology, 23(2), 158-174.
Irving, A. .2007). Ethnography, Art, and Death’. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.), 13, 185-208, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4622907
Irving, A., & Rapport, N. (2009, April). Inner Landscapes: Ethnographies of Interior Dialogue, Mood and Imagination [Conference panel]. Anthropological and Archaeological Imaginations: Past, Present and Future, Bristol, UK. https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/asa09/p/551
Jackson, M. (2002). The Politics of Storytelling – Violence, Transgression and Intersubjectivity. Museum Tusculanum Press.
Jackson, M. .2008). The Shock of the New: On Migrant Imaginaries and Critical Transitions. Ethnos, 73(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141840801927533
Jackson, M. (2012). Lifeworlds: Essays in Existential Anthropology. University of Chicago Press.
Jackson, M. (2013). The Wherewithal of Life: Ethics, Migration, and the Question of Well-Being. University of California Press.
Jeffers, A. .2012).Refugees, Theatre and Crisis: Performing Global Identities. Palgrave Macmillan.
Khosravi, S. (2018). Stolen Time. Radical Philosophy, 203, 38-41.
Köhn, S. .2016).Mediating Mobility: Visual Anthropology in the Age of Migration. Columbia University Press.
Lefkowitz, M. (2009). Walk, Hands, Eyes (a city) [Performance].
Lefkowitz, M. .2015). Walk, Hands, Eyes (a city). Beaux-Arts de Paris.
Lems, A., & Tošič, J. (2019). Preface: Stuck in Motion? Capturing the Dialectics of Movement and Stasis in an Era of Containment. Suomen Antropologi, 44(2), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.30676/jfas.v44i2.77714
Mahmoud, J. (2015). Interview. Personal archive.
Moore, S. (2018). Does this Look Right? Working Inside the Collaborative Frame. In J. Murray, & N. Ehrlich (Eds.), Life: Issues and Themes in Animated Documentary Cinema (pp. 206-220). Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748694112.003.0013
Morelli, C. (2021). The Right to Change: Co-Producing Ethnographic Animation with Indigenous Youth in Amazonia. Visual Anthropology Review, 37(2), 333-355. https://doi.org/10.1111/var.12246
Nasim, O. W. (2014). Observing by Hand - Sketching the Nebulae in the Nineteenth century. University of Chicago Press.
Pink, S. (2011). Images, Senses and Applications: Engaging Visual Anthropology. Visual Anthropology, 24(5), 437-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/08949468.2011.604611
Radley, A., & Taylor, D. (2003). Images of Recovery: A Photo-elicitation Study on the Hospital Ward. Qualitative Health Research, 13(1), 77-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732302239412
Ravetz, A. (2007). A Weight of Meaninglessness about which there is Nothing Insignificant: Abjection and Knowing in an Art School on a Housing Estate. In M. Harris (Ed.), Ways of Knowing, New Approaches in the Anthropology of Experience and Learning (pp. 226-286). Berghahn.
Ricœur, P. (1984). Time and Narrative. University of Chicago Press.
Sartre, J.-P. (1940). Being and Nothingness (H. E. Barnes, trans.). Routledge.
Schellow, A. (2011). Production Dossier of the Film Tirana. Private email exchange with Francesca Cogni.
Schielke, S. (2008). Boredom and Despair in Rural Egypt. Contemporary Islam, 2(3), 251-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-008-0065-8
Schielke, S. (2015). Egypt in the Future Tense: Hope, Frustration, and Ambivalence Before and After 2011. Indiana University Press.
Silvio, T. (2010). Animation: The New Performance? Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 20(2), 422-438. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43104272
Skoller, J. (2011). Introduction to the Special Issue, Making It (Un)Real: Contemporary Theories and Practices in Documentary Animation. Animation: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6(3), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1746847711420555
Thompson, J. (2009). Performance Affects: Applied Theatre and the end of the effect. Palgrave Macmillan
Ward, P. .2006). Documentary – the Margins of Reality. Columbia University Press.
Wells, P. (1998). Understanding Animation. Routledge.
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alexandra D'Onofrio, Francesca Cogni