Funciones ejecutivas de los padres, estilos de crianza y síntomas del Trastorno Oposicionista Desafiante: un modelo relacional
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abr 26, 2018
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Yuria Cruz-Alaniz
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2746-4078
Albert Bonillo Martin
María Claustre Jané Ballabriga
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2746-4078
Albert Bonillo Martin
María Claustre Jané Ballabriga
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Resumen
El siguiente estudio analizó el papel de las FE de la madre y del padre, el estilo de crianza y la sintomatología del TOD en los niños. Un total de 100 familias con niños en edades preescolares participaron en este estudio. La madre contestó tres cuestionarios: el EMBU, el ECI-4, y el BRIEF, mientras que el padre solo contestó su propio BRIEF. El análisis se realizó con el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados muestran que hay una trayectoria significativa de las FE de la madre hacia un estilo de crianza duro y severo, y esta relación continua significativa hacia la sintomatología de TOD. Nuestros resultados aluden a la importancia de las intervenciones en los estilos de crianza para prevenir el desarrollo de trastornos de conducta.
Keywords
executive functions, parenting styles, harsh parenting, oppositional defiant disorder, mother executive functionsfunciones ejecutivas, estilos de crianza, estilo de crianza autoritario, trastorno oposicionista desafiante, funciones ejecutivas maternas
References
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Arrindell, W. A., Perris, H., Denia, M., Van der Ende, J., Perris, C., Kokkevi, A., Anasagasti, J. I., & Esiman, M. (1998). The constancy of structure of perceived parental rearing style in Greek and Spanish subjects as compared with the Dutch. International Journal of Psychology, 23(1-6), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207598808247749
Burke, J. D., Pardini, D. A., & Loeber, R. (2008). Reciprocal relationships between parenting behavior and disruptive psychopathology from childhood through adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(5), 679-692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9219-7
Burnette, M. L. (2013). Gender and the Development of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Contributions of Physical Abuse and Early Family Environment. Child Maltreatment, 18(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559513478144
Cabrera, V. E., González, M. R., & Guevara, I. P. (2012). Estrés parental, trato rudo y monitoreo como factores asociados a la conducta agresiva. Universitas Psychologica, 11(1), 241-254.
Calzada, E. J., Eyberg, S., Rich, B., & Querido, J. G. (2004). Parenting Disruptive Preschoolers: Experiences of Mothers and Fathers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32(2), 203-213.
Chase-Lansdale, P., Wakschlag, L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1995). A psychological perspective on the development of caring in children and youth: the role of the family. Journal of Adolescence, 18(5), 515-556.
Chico, E., González, A., Ali, N., Steiner, M., & Fleming, A.S. Executive function and mothering: challenges faced by teenage mothers. Developmental Psychobiology, 56(5), 1027-1035.
Cuevas, K., Deater-Deckard, K., Kim-Spoon, J., Watson, A. J., Morasch, K. C., & Bell, M. A. (2014). What's mom got to do with it? Contributions of maternal executive function and caregiving to the development of executive function across early childhood. Developmental Science, 17(2), 224-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12073
Deater-Deckard, K. (2014). Family Matters: Intergenerational and Interpersonal Processes of Executive Function and Attentive Behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(3), 230-236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414531597
Deater-Deckard, K., Sewell, M. D., Ptrill, S. A., & Thompson, L. A. (2011). Maternal Working Memory and Reactive Negativity in Parenting. Psychological Science, 21(1), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797609354073
Deater-Deckard, K., Wang, Z., Chen, N., & Bell, M. A. (2012). Maternal executive function, harsh parenting, and child conduct problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(10), 1084-1091. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02582.x
Deault, L. C. (2009). A Systematic Review of Parenting in Relation to the Development of Comorbidities and Functional Impairments in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 41(2), 168-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-009-0159-4
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Feng, X., Shaw, D. S., Kovacs, M., Lane, T., O'Rourke, F. E., & Alarcon, J. H. (2007). Emotion regulation in preschoolers: the roles of behavioral inhibition, maternal affective behavior, and maternal depression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(2), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01828.x
Flouri, E. (2010). Fathers’ behaviors and children’s psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(3), 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.004
Gardner, F. (1989). Inconsistent parenting: is there evidence for a link with children's conduct problems? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17(2), 223-233.
Gardner, F., Ward, S., Burton, J., & Wilson, C. (2003). The Role of Mother–Child Joint Play in the Early Development of Children’s Conduct Problems: A Longitudinal Observational Study. Social Development, 12(3), 361-378
Gonzalez, A., Jenkins, J. M., Steiner, M., & Fleming, A. S. (2012). Maternal early life experiences and parenting: the mediating role of cortisol and executive function. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(7), 673-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.04.003
Hollingshead, A., (1975). Four Factor Index of Social Status. New Haven, CT: Yale University Department of Sociology.
Hox, J. J., & Bechger, T. M. (1998). An introduction to Structural Equation Modeling. Family Science Review, 11, 354-373.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Iacobucci, D. (2009). Everything you always wanted to know about SEM (structural equations modeling) but were afraid to ask. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19(4), 673-680.
Iacobucci, D. (2010). Structural equations modeling: Fit indices, sample size, and advanced topics. Sample Size, and Advanced Topics. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(1), 90-98.
Karreman, A., Van Tuijl, C., Van Aken, M. A. G., & Deković, M. (2006). Parenting and self‐regulation in preschoolers: a meta‐analysis. Infant and Child Development, 15(6), 561-579. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.478
Kiff, C. J., Lengua, L. J., & Zalewski, M. (2011). Nature and nurturing: Parenting in the context of child temperament. Clinical child and family psychology review, 14(3), 251-301.
Kroneman, L. M., Hipwell, A. E., Loeber, R., Koot, H. M., & Pardini, D. A. (2011). Contextual risk factors as predictors of disruptive behavior disorder trajectories in girls: the moderating effect of callous-unemotional features. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(2), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02300.x
Lansford, J. E., Woodlief, D., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., … & Dodge, K. A. (2014). A longitudinal examination of mothers’ and fathers’ social information processing biases and harsh discipline in nine countries. Development and Psychopathology, 26(3), 561-573. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000236
Latimer, K., Wilson, P., Kemp, J., Thompson, L., Sim, F., Gillberg, C., … & Minnis, H. (2012). Disruptive behaviour disorders: a systematic review of environmental antenatal and early years risk factors. Child Care, Health and Development, 38(5), 611-628. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2012.01366.x
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2010) Mplus User’s Guide (6a Edición.). Los Ángeles: Muthén and Muthén.
Olhaberry, M., & Santelices, M. P. (2013). Presencia del padre y calidad de la interacción madre-hijo: un estudio comparativo en familias chilenas nucleares y monoparentales. Universitas Psychologica, 12(3), 883-843. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY12-3.ppci
Olson, S. L., Bates, J. E., Sandy, J. M., & Lanthier, R. (2000). Early developmental precursors of externalizing behavior in middle childhood and adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(2), 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005166629744
Perris, C., Jacobsson, L., Lindström, H., Von Knorring, L., & Perris, H. (1980). Development of a new inventory for assessing memories of parental rearing behaviour. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 61(4), 265-274.
Rhee, S. H., Friedman, N. P., Boeldt, D. L., Corley, R. P., Hewitt, J. K., Knafo, A., … & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2012). Early concern and disregard for others as predictors of antisocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(2), 157-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02574.x
Roth, R. M., Isquith, P. K., & Gioia, G. A. (2005). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A). Lutz: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Sprafkin, J., & Gadow, K. D. (1996). Early Childhood Symptom Inventories Manual. Stony Brook: Checkmate Plus.
Tung, I., & Steve, S. L. (2013). Negative parenting behavior and childhood oppositional defiant disorder: differential moderation by positive and negative peer regard. Aggressive Behavior, 40(1), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21497
Verhoeven, M., Junger, M., Van Aken, C., Deković, M., & Van Aken, M. A. G. (2010). Mothering, fathering, and externalizing behavior in toddler boys. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(2), 307-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00701.x
Viñas, F., Jané, M. C., Canals, J., Esparó, G., Ballespí, S., & Domènech-Llaberia, E. (2008). Evaluación de la psicopatología del preescolar mediante el Early Childhood Invetory-4 (ECI-4): concordancia entre padres y maestros. Psicothema, 20(3), 481-486.
Waller, R., Gardner, F., Viding, E., Shaw, D. S., Dishion, T. J., Wilson, M., & Hyde, L. W. (2014). Bidirectional associations between parental warmth, callous unemotional behavior, and behavior problems in high-risk preschoolers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(8), 1275-1285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9871-z
Wilson, C., Gardner, F., Burton, J., & Leung, S. (2006). Maternal attributions and young children's conduct problems: a longitudinal study. Infant and child development, 15(2), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.440
Araujo, E. A., Jané-Ballabriga, M., Bonillo, A., & Capdevilla, C. (2014). Executive function deficits and symptoms of disruptive behaviour disorders in preschool children. Universitas Psychologica, 13(4), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY13-4.efds
Arrindell, W. A., Perris, H., Denia, M., Van der Ende, J., Perris, C., Kokkevi, A., Anasagasti, J. I., & Esiman, M. (1998). The constancy of structure of perceived parental rearing style in Greek and Spanish subjects as compared with the Dutch. International Journal of Psychology, 23(1-6), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207598808247749
Burke, J. D., Pardini, D. A., & Loeber, R. (2008). Reciprocal relationships between parenting behavior and disruptive psychopathology from childhood through adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(5), 679-692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9219-7
Burnette, M. L. (2013). Gender and the Development of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Contributions of Physical Abuse and Early Family Environment. Child Maltreatment, 18(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559513478144
Cabrera, V. E., González, M. R., & Guevara, I. P. (2012). Estrés parental, trato rudo y monitoreo como factores asociados a la conducta agresiva. Universitas Psychologica, 11(1), 241-254.
Calzada, E. J., Eyberg, S., Rich, B., & Querido, J. G. (2004). Parenting Disruptive Preschoolers: Experiences of Mothers and Fathers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32(2), 203-213.
Chase-Lansdale, P., Wakschlag, L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1995). A psychological perspective on the development of caring in children and youth: the role of the family. Journal of Adolescence, 18(5), 515-556.
Chico, E., González, A., Ali, N., Steiner, M., & Fleming, A.S. Executive function and mothering: challenges faced by teenage mothers. Developmental Psychobiology, 56(5), 1027-1035.
Cuevas, K., Deater-Deckard, K., Kim-Spoon, J., Watson, A. J., Morasch, K. C., & Bell, M. A. (2014). What's mom got to do with it? Contributions of maternal executive function and caregiving to the development of executive function across early childhood. Developmental Science, 17(2), 224-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12073
Deater-Deckard, K. (2014). Family Matters: Intergenerational and Interpersonal Processes of Executive Function and Attentive Behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(3), 230-236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414531597
Deater-Deckard, K., Sewell, M. D., Ptrill, S. A., & Thompson, L. A. (2011). Maternal Working Memory and Reactive Negativity in Parenting. Psychological Science, 21(1), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797609354073
Deater-Deckard, K., Wang, Z., Chen, N., & Bell, M. A. (2012). Maternal executive function, harsh parenting, and child conduct problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(10), 1084-1091. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02582.x
Deault, L. C. (2009). A Systematic Review of Parenting in Relation to the Development of Comorbidities and Functional Impairments in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 41(2), 168-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-009-0159-4
Eisenberg, N., Zhou, Q., Spinrad, T. L., Valiente, C., Fabes, R. A., & Liew, J. (2005). Relations Among Positive Parenting, Children's Effortful Control, and Externalizing Problems: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. Child Development, 76(5), 1055-1071. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00897.x
Feng, X., Shaw, D. S., Kovacs, M., Lane, T., O'Rourke, F. E., & Alarcon, J. H. (2007). Emotion regulation in preschoolers: the roles of behavioral inhibition, maternal affective behavior, and maternal depression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(2), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01828.x
Flouri, E. (2010). Fathers’ behaviors and children’s psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(3), 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.004
Gardner, F. (1989). Inconsistent parenting: is there evidence for a link with children's conduct problems? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17(2), 223-233.
Gardner, F., Ward, S., Burton, J., & Wilson, C. (2003). The Role of Mother–Child Joint Play in the Early Development of Children’s Conduct Problems: A Longitudinal Observational Study. Social Development, 12(3), 361-378
Gonzalez, A., Jenkins, J. M., Steiner, M., & Fleming, A. S. (2012). Maternal early life experiences and parenting: the mediating role of cortisol and executive function. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(7), 673-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.04.003
Hollingshead, A., (1975). Four Factor Index of Social Status. New Haven, CT: Yale University Department of Sociology.
Hox, J. J., & Bechger, T. M. (1998). An introduction to Structural Equation Modeling. Family Science Review, 11, 354-373.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Iacobucci, D. (2009). Everything you always wanted to know about SEM (structural equations modeling) but were afraid to ask. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19(4), 673-680.
Iacobucci, D. (2010). Structural equations modeling: Fit indices, sample size, and advanced topics. Sample Size, and Advanced Topics. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(1), 90-98.
Karreman, A., Van Tuijl, C., Van Aken, M. A. G., & Deković, M. (2006). Parenting and self‐regulation in preschoolers: a meta‐analysis. Infant and Child Development, 15(6), 561-579. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.478
Kiff, C. J., Lengua, L. J., & Zalewski, M. (2011). Nature and nurturing: Parenting in the context of child temperament. Clinical child and family psychology review, 14(3), 251-301.
Kroneman, L. M., Hipwell, A. E., Loeber, R., Koot, H. M., & Pardini, D. A. (2011). Contextual risk factors as predictors of disruptive behavior disorder trajectories in girls: the moderating effect of callous-unemotional features. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(2), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02300.x
Lansford, J. E., Woodlief, D., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., … & Dodge, K. A. (2014). A longitudinal examination of mothers’ and fathers’ social information processing biases and harsh discipline in nine countries. Development and Psychopathology, 26(3), 561-573. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000236
Latimer, K., Wilson, P., Kemp, J., Thompson, L., Sim, F., Gillberg, C., … & Minnis, H. (2012). Disruptive behaviour disorders: a systematic review of environmental antenatal and early years risk factors. Child Care, Health and Development, 38(5), 611-628. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2012.01366.x
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2010) Mplus User’s Guide (6a Edición.). Los Ángeles: Muthén and Muthén.
Olhaberry, M., & Santelices, M. P. (2013). Presencia del padre y calidad de la interacción madre-hijo: un estudio comparativo en familias chilenas nucleares y monoparentales. Universitas Psychologica, 12(3), 883-843. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY12-3.ppci
Olson, S. L., Bates, J. E., Sandy, J. M., & Lanthier, R. (2000). Early developmental precursors of externalizing behavior in middle childhood and adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(2), 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005166629744
Perris, C., Jacobsson, L., Lindström, H., Von Knorring, L., & Perris, H. (1980). Development of a new inventory for assessing memories of parental rearing behaviour. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 61(4), 265-274.
Rhee, S. H., Friedman, N. P., Boeldt, D. L., Corley, R. P., Hewitt, J. K., Knafo, A., … & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2012). Early concern and disregard for others as predictors of antisocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(2), 157-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02574.x
Roth, R. M., Isquith, P. K., & Gioia, G. A. (2005). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A). Lutz: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Sprafkin, J., & Gadow, K. D. (1996). Early Childhood Symptom Inventories Manual. Stony Brook: Checkmate Plus.
Tung, I., & Steve, S. L. (2013). Negative parenting behavior and childhood oppositional defiant disorder: differential moderation by positive and negative peer regard. Aggressive Behavior, 40(1), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21497
Verhoeven, M., Junger, M., Van Aken, C., Deković, M., & Van Aken, M. A. G. (2010). Mothering, fathering, and externalizing behavior in toddler boys. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(2), 307-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00701.x
Viñas, F., Jané, M. C., Canals, J., Esparó, G., Ballespí, S., & Domènech-Llaberia, E. (2008). Evaluación de la psicopatología del preescolar mediante el Early Childhood Invetory-4 (ECI-4): concordancia entre padres y maestros. Psicothema, 20(3), 481-486.
Waller, R., Gardner, F., Viding, E., Shaw, D. S., Dishion, T. J., Wilson, M., & Hyde, L. W. (2014). Bidirectional associations between parental warmth, callous unemotional behavior, and behavior problems in high-risk preschoolers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(8), 1275-1285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9871-z
Wilson, C., Gardner, F., Burton, J., & Leung, S. (2006). Maternal attributions and young children's conduct problems: a longitudinal study. Infant and child development, 15(2), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.440
Cómo citar
Cruz-Alaniz, Y., Bonillo Martin, A., & Jané Ballabriga, M. C. (2018). Funciones ejecutivas de los padres, estilos de crianza y síntomas del Trastorno Oposicionista Desafiante: un modelo relacional. Universitas Psychologica, 17(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy.17-2. pefp
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