Contenido Experiencial y Aspectos Valorativos asociados a la Envidia Benigna y Maligna en Estudiantes Universitarios de Córdoba, Argentina
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ago 14, 2017
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Resumen
La envidia es una emoción que surge de la comparación social ascendente. Estudios recientes evidencian la existencia de dos tipos cualitativamente diferentes de envidia: benigna y maligna. Así, esta investigación se propuso evaluar el contenido experiencial y el patrón valorativo asociados a los dos tipos de envidia en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Córdoba, Argentina. Se utilizó el método de reconstrucción del día para recabar información sobre experiencias de envidia. Los resultados evidenciaronla existencia de dos tipos de envidia que se distinguen a partir de los aspectos valorativos de merecimiento, poder propio y estado situacional. Además, se observó que la experiencia de envidia benigna desencadena inspiración y motiva a felicitar al envidiado.
Keywords
benign envy, malicious envy, experiential content, appraisals patternsenvidia benigna, envidia maligna, contenido experiencial, patrones valorativos
References
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Bosman, R., Sonnemans, J., & Zeelenberg, M. (2001). Emotions, rejections, and cooling off in the ultimatum game. Unpublished manuscript, University of Amsterdam.
Campbell, W. K., Bonacci, A. M., Shelton, J., Exline, J. J., & Bushman, B. J. (2004). Psychological entitlement: interpersonal consequences and validation of a self-report measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83(1), 29–45. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8301_04
Chóliz, M., & Gómez, C. (2002). Emociones sociales II (enamoramiento, celos, envidia y empatía). En F. Palmero, E.G. Fernández-Abascal, F. Martinez y M. Chóliz (Eds.), Psicología de la Motivación y Emoción (pp. 395-418). Madrid: McGraw Hill.
Cohen-Charash, Y. (2009). Episodic envy. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(9), 2128–2173. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00519.x
Crusius, J., & Lange, J. (2014). What catches the envious eye? Attentional biases within malicious and benign envy. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 55, 1-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.05.007
Duffy, M. K., & Shaw, J. D. (2000). The Salieri syndrome: Consequences of envy in groups. Small Group Research, 31, 3–23. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104649640003100101
Dvash, J., Gilam, G., Ben-Ze’ev, A., Hendler, T., & Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2010). The envious brain: the neural basis of social comparison. Human Brain Mapping, 31(11), 1741-1750. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20972
Feather, N. T. (2003). Distinguishing between deservingness and entitlement: earned outcomes versus lawful outcomes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33(3), 367-385. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.152
Feather, N. T. (2006). Deservingness and emotions: applying the structural model of deservingness to the analysis of affective reactions to outcomes. European Review of Social Psychology, 17(1), 38-73. doi:10.1080/10463280600662321
Feather, N. T., & McKee, I. R. (2009). Differentiating emotions in relation to deserved undeserved outcomes: a retrospective study of real-life events. Cognition and Emotion, 23(5), 955-977. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930802243378
Fischer, A. H., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2008). Social functions of emotions. In M, Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones & L. Feldman Barret (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions (pp. 456-465). New York: The Guildford Press.
Foster, G. M. (1972). The anatomy of envy: a study in symbolic behavior. Current Anthropology, 13(2), 165-202. doi: 10.1086/201267
Grygolec, J., Coricelli, G., & Rustichini, A. (2009). Neuroeconomics of 3-person ultimatum game with Voting: the case of responders. Paper session presented at the meeting of the Faculty of Graduate School of University of Minnesota, USA.
Hagenaars, J. A., & McCutcheon, A. L. (2002). Applied latent class analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hoelzl, E., & Loewenstein, G. (2005).Wearing out your shoes to prevent someone else from stepping into them: anticipated regret and social takeover in sequential decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 98(1), 15-27. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.04.004
Jankowski, K. F., & Takahashi, H. (2014). Cognitive neuroscience of social emotions and implications for psychopathology: examining embarrassment, guilt, envy, and schadenfreude. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 68(5), 319-336. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12182
Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: the day reconstruction method. Science, 306(5702), 1776-1780. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1103572
Kim, S., O’Neill, J. W., & Cho, H. M. (2010). When does an employee not help coworkers? The effect of leader–member exchange on employee envy and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(3),530–537. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.08.003
Lange, J., & Crusius, J. (2015). Dispositional envy revisited: unraveling the motivational dynamics of benign and malicious envy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(2), 284-294. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167214564959
Mola, D. J., Saavedra, B. A., Reyna, C. E., & Belaus, A. (2013). Valoración psicométrica de la Psychological Entitlement Scale desde la Teoría Clásica de los Test y la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem. Pensamiento Psicológico, 11(2), 19 -38.
Mola, D. J., Saavedra, B. A., & Reyna, C. E. (2014). Evidences of reliability and validity of the Dispositional Envy Scale. International Journal of Psychological Research, 7(1), 73-80.
Mola, D. J., Reyna, C. E., & Godoy, J. C. (2015). El rol de la envidia benigna y maligna en la toma de decisiones estratégicas. Suma Psicológica, 22(1), 53-61.
Parks, C. D., Rumble, A. C., & Posey, D. C. (2002).The effects of envy on reciprocation in a social dilemma. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(4), 509-520. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167202287008
Parrott, W. G., & Smith, R. H. (1993). Distinguishing the experiences of envy and jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 906-920. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.906
Pfister, H. R., & Böhm G. (2012). Responder feelings in a three-player three-option ultimatum game: Affective determinants of rejection behavior. Games, 3, 1-29. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g3010001
Reyna, C., & Brussino, S. (2011). Revisión de los fundamentos del análisis de clases latentes y ejemplo de aplicación en el área de las adicciones. Trastornos Adictivos, 13(1), 11-19.
Roseman, I. J., Antoniou, A. A., & Jose, P. E. (1996). Appraisal determinants of emotions: Constructing a more accurate and comprehensive theory. Cognition & Emotion, 10(3), 241-277. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026999396380240
Roseman, I. J., Wiest, C., & Swartz, T. S. (1994). Phenomenology, behaviors, and goals differentiate discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 206-221. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.206
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Tibi-Elhanany, Y., & Aharon-Peretz, J. (2007). The green-eyed monster and malicious joy: the neuroanatomical bases of envy and gloating (schadenfreude). Brain, 130 (6), 1663-1678.
Smith, R. H., Parrot, W. G., Diener, E. F., Hoyle R. H., & Kim, S. H. (1999). Dispositional envy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(8), 1007-1020. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.206
Smith, R. H., & Kim, S. H. (2007). Comprehending envy. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 46-64. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.46
Sterba, S. K., & Foster, E. M. (2008).Self-selected sample. In P. J. Lavrakas (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods (pp. 806-808). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
Tranel, D. (2006). Preface: Psychophysiology and cognitive neuroscience. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 61(1), 1-4.
Van de Ven, N, (2009). The bright side of a deadly sin the psychology of envy. Doctoral thesis, University of Tilburg, Netherlands.
Van de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2009). Leveling up and down: the experiences of benign and malicious envy. Emotion, 9(3), 419-429. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015669
Van de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2010). Warding off the evil eye: when the fear of being envied increases prosocial behavior. Psychological Science, 21(11), 1671-1677. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610385352
Van de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2012). Appraisal patterns of envy and related emotions. Motivation and Emotion, 36(2), 195-205.
Vergara, A. I., & Balluerka, N. (2000). Metodología en la investigación transcultural: perspectivas actuales. Psicothema, 12(2), 557-562.
Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2006). Feeling is for doing: a pragmatic approach to the study of emotions in economic behavior. In D. De Cremer, M. Zeelenberg, & K. Murnighan (Eds.), Social Psychology and Economics (pp. 117-137). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
ANMAT (1997). Régimen de Buenas Prácticas de Investigación en Estudios de Farmacología Clínica. Disposición 5330/97, Buenos Aires.
Aron, A., & Aron, E. N. (2001). Estadística para psicología. Buenos Aires: Pearson Educación.
Bosman, R., Sonnemans, J., & Zeelenberg, M. (2001). Emotions, rejections, and cooling off in the ultimatum game. Unpublished manuscript, University of Amsterdam.
Campbell, W. K., Bonacci, A. M., Shelton, J., Exline, J. J., & Bushman, B. J. (2004). Psychological entitlement: interpersonal consequences and validation of a self-report measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83(1), 29–45. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8301_04
Chóliz, M., & Gómez, C. (2002). Emociones sociales II (enamoramiento, celos, envidia y empatía). En F. Palmero, E.G. Fernández-Abascal, F. Martinez y M. Chóliz (Eds.), Psicología de la Motivación y Emoción (pp. 395-418). Madrid: McGraw Hill.
Cohen-Charash, Y. (2009). Episodic envy. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(9), 2128–2173. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00519.x
Crusius, J., & Lange, J. (2014). What catches the envious eye? Attentional biases within malicious and benign envy. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 55, 1-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.05.007
Duffy, M. K., & Shaw, J. D. (2000). The Salieri syndrome: Consequences of envy in groups. Small Group Research, 31, 3–23. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104649640003100101
Dvash, J., Gilam, G., Ben-Ze’ev, A., Hendler, T., & Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2010). The envious brain: the neural basis of social comparison. Human Brain Mapping, 31(11), 1741-1750. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20972
Feather, N. T. (2003). Distinguishing between deservingness and entitlement: earned outcomes versus lawful outcomes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33(3), 367-385. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.152
Feather, N. T. (2006). Deservingness and emotions: applying the structural model of deservingness to the analysis of affective reactions to outcomes. European Review of Social Psychology, 17(1), 38-73. doi:10.1080/10463280600662321
Feather, N. T., & McKee, I. R. (2009). Differentiating emotions in relation to deserved undeserved outcomes: a retrospective study of real-life events. Cognition and Emotion, 23(5), 955-977. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930802243378
Fischer, A. H., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2008). Social functions of emotions. In M, Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones & L. Feldman Barret (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions (pp. 456-465). New York: The Guildford Press.
Foster, G. M. (1972). The anatomy of envy: a study in symbolic behavior. Current Anthropology, 13(2), 165-202. doi: 10.1086/201267
Grygolec, J., Coricelli, G., & Rustichini, A. (2009). Neuroeconomics of 3-person ultimatum game with Voting: the case of responders. Paper session presented at the meeting of the Faculty of Graduate School of University of Minnesota, USA.
Hagenaars, J. A., & McCutcheon, A. L. (2002). Applied latent class analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hoelzl, E., & Loewenstein, G. (2005).Wearing out your shoes to prevent someone else from stepping into them: anticipated regret and social takeover in sequential decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 98(1), 15-27. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.04.004
Jankowski, K. F., & Takahashi, H. (2014). Cognitive neuroscience of social emotions and implications for psychopathology: examining embarrassment, guilt, envy, and schadenfreude. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 68(5), 319-336. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12182
Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: the day reconstruction method. Science, 306(5702), 1776-1780. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1103572
Kim, S., O’Neill, J. W., & Cho, H. M. (2010). When does an employee not help coworkers? The effect of leader–member exchange on employee envy and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(3),530–537. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.08.003
Lange, J., & Crusius, J. (2015). Dispositional envy revisited: unraveling the motivational dynamics of benign and malicious envy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(2), 284-294. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167214564959
Mola, D. J., Saavedra, B. A., Reyna, C. E., & Belaus, A. (2013). Valoración psicométrica de la Psychological Entitlement Scale desde la Teoría Clásica de los Test y la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem. Pensamiento Psicológico, 11(2), 19 -38.
Mola, D. J., Saavedra, B. A., & Reyna, C. E. (2014). Evidences of reliability and validity of the Dispositional Envy Scale. International Journal of Psychological Research, 7(1), 73-80.
Mola, D. J., Reyna, C. E., & Godoy, J. C. (2015). El rol de la envidia benigna y maligna en la toma de decisiones estratégicas. Suma Psicológica, 22(1), 53-61.
Parks, C. D., Rumble, A. C., & Posey, D. C. (2002).The effects of envy on reciprocation in a social dilemma. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(4), 509-520. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167202287008
Parrott, W. G., & Smith, R. H. (1993). Distinguishing the experiences of envy and jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 906-920. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.906
Pfister, H. R., & Böhm G. (2012). Responder feelings in a three-player three-option ultimatum game: Affective determinants of rejection behavior. Games, 3, 1-29. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g3010001
Reyna, C., & Brussino, S. (2011). Revisión de los fundamentos del análisis de clases latentes y ejemplo de aplicación en el área de las adicciones. Trastornos Adictivos, 13(1), 11-19.
Roseman, I. J., Antoniou, A. A., & Jose, P. E. (1996). Appraisal determinants of emotions: Constructing a more accurate and comprehensive theory. Cognition & Emotion, 10(3), 241-277. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026999396380240
Roseman, I. J., Wiest, C., & Swartz, T. S. (1994). Phenomenology, behaviors, and goals differentiate discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 206-221. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.206
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Tibi-Elhanany, Y., & Aharon-Peretz, J. (2007). The green-eyed monster and malicious joy: the neuroanatomical bases of envy and gloating (schadenfreude). Brain, 130 (6), 1663-1678.
Smith, R. H., Parrot, W. G., Diener, E. F., Hoyle R. H., & Kim, S. H. (1999). Dispositional envy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(8), 1007-1020. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.206
Smith, R. H., & Kim, S. H. (2007). Comprehending envy. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 46-64. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.46
Sterba, S. K., & Foster, E. M. (2008).Self-selected sample. In P. J. Lavrakas (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods (pp. 806-808). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
Tranel, D. (2006). Preface: Psychophysiology and cognitive neuroscience. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 61(1), 1-4.
Van de Ven, N, (2009). The bright side of a deadly sin the psychology of envy. Doctoral thesis, University of Tilburg, Netherlands.
Van de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2009). Leveling up and down: the experiences of benign and malicious envy. Emotion, 9(3), 419-429. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015669
Van de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2010). Warding off the evil eye: when the fear of being envied increases prosocial behavior. Psychological Science, 21(11), 1671-1677. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610385352
Van de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2012). Appraisal patterns of envy and related emotions. Motivation and Emotion, 36(2), 195-205.
Vergara, A. I., & Balluerka, N. (2000). Metodología en la investigación transcultural: perspectivas actuales. Psicothema, 12(2), 557-562.
Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2006). Feeling is for doing: a pragmatic approach to the study of emotions in economic behavior. In D. De Cremer, M. Zeelenberg, & K. Murnighan (Eds.), Social Psychology and Economics (pp. 117-137). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cómo citar
Mola, D. J., Godoy, J. C., & Reyna, C. (2017). Contenido Experiencial y Aspectos Valorativos asociados a la Envidia Benigna y Maligna en Estudiantes Universitarios de Córdoba, Argentina. Universitas Psychologica, 16(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-2.ceav
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