Palavras-chave
doença pulmonar crônica obstrutiva
cuidados paliativos
Como Citar
Resumo
A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é uma entidade patológica caracterizada por uma série de manifestações físicas persistentes como tosse, fadiga, dispneia e produção de escarro; sintomas que geram desconforto no paciente desde o momento do diagnóstico e que, sendo uma doença irreversível pelo dano tissular que causa, tem progressivamente impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. Por outro lado, tem sido relatada presencia de sintomas psicológicos como depressão, insegurança, ansiedade e distúrbios emocionais em pacientes diagnosticados com DPOC. Mesmo assim, pacientes com este diagnóstico tendem a desenvolver comportamentos que alteram suas relações sociais familiares e laborais, pois tendem a se isolar devido à sintomatologia, principalmente física.
A situação levantada gera a necessidade de desenvolver um projeto de pesquisa com o objetivo de reconhecer o cluster de sintomas físicos, psicológicos e sociais dos pacientes diagnosticados com DPOC, e identificar si propor uma abordagem de cuidados paliativos. O estudo foi desenvolvido mediante revisão sistemática da literatura na qual foram identificados 1776 artigos, dos quais 41 foram avaliados para identificação do clúster de sintomas. O binômio dispneia e tosse, fadiga e expectoração foi identificado como clúster de sintomas físicos; depressão e ansiedade constituem o clúster de sintomas psicológicos, e o impacto na qualidade de vida e percepção de isolamento ou exclusão social.
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