Problems and Solutions (or Pseudo-Solutions) of Integration: The European “Enhanced Cooperation”, Integration Facility or New Form of Classical International Cooperation?

Abstract

The european integration has faced severe difficulties, which have not allowed, so far, the achievement of a higher level of interpenetration of the intervenient States. it occurs, in that phenomenon, a “structural” ambivalence, conduct- ing to a limited de facto integration; and this, due to the essential lack of an “emotional integration” (inexistence of an “emotional community identity”), which leads, in the end, to the weakness of a political Society without people. “enhanced cooperation” is a mechanism that intends to give a new impulse to european life. But (and apart from the question of knowing which will be its real impact), are we dealing with a juridical-political expedient still comprised in the field of integration or is it already located outside that frame? enhanced cooperation represents in fact an attempt to counterbalance the problem of the existence of diverse (sometimes, even quite diverse) interests and attitudes of the Member States of the european Union, formally consecrating the possibility of “spaces” of diversity in the midst of the european community phenomenon. But doesn ́t integration consist essentially in uniformity? or is it that the lack of uniformity this way allowed, still fits in the concept of “integration”, thus not meaning a resignation to this very model of relationship among States?