La problemática de las definiciones en el análisis del nacionalismo y la nación desde el paradigma del modernismo
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jun 24, 2019
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Resumen
Aunque el estudio académico del nacionalismo ha tenido un profundo desarrollo desde la década de los 60, todavía se suelen atisbar ciertas dificultades teóricas para concretar los términos que se emplean. Una de las razones puede ser la utilización de conceptos capitales, como nacionalismo y nación, de forma poco rigurosa y precisa. Se podría decir que, hasta cierto punto, hay tantas definiciones para estos dos conceptos como actores. El objetivo de este artículo de reflexión es proponer, de forma concisa, una serie de definiciones de los términos nacionalismo y nación desde el paradigma modernista del nacionalismo. Se pretende aportar claridad a los debates que teorizan sobre el nacionalismo desde una perspectiva analítica profunda y consolidada entre gran parte de los autores que deliberan sobre este fenómeno social. Primero, se hace un breve resumen del modernismo como paradigma del nacionalismo. Esto viene seguido de un análisis de los diferentes fundamentos teóricos de ambos conceptos que tienen cierta aceptación dentro del modernismo. Finalmente, se da una posible definición para cada uno de estos dos términos desde este punto de vista modernista. La principal conclusión es que se deben repensar estos conceptos teóricos clave para analizar las formas complejas de las sociedades contemporáneas.
Keywords
clarity, Modernism, nationalism, nation, definitionsclaridad, modernismo, nacionalismo, nación, definiciones
References
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Day, G., y Thompson, A. (2004). Theorizing Nationalism. Londres: Palgrave MacMillan.
De Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., y Wodak, R. (1999). The Discursive Construction of National Identities. Discourse & Society, 10(2), 149-173.
Dunn, J. (1995). Contemporary Crisis of the Nation-State? Oxford: Blackwell.
Eisenstadt, S. N. (1998). The Construction of Collective Identities in Latin America: Beyond the European Nation State Model. En L. Roniger, y M. Snajder (eds.), Constructing Collective Identities and Shaping Public Spheres (pp. 245-263). Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
Elgenius, G. (2011). Symbols of Nations and Nationalism. Londres: Palgrave MacMillan.
Eriksen, T. H. (2009). Ethnicity, Race, Class and Nation. En J. Hutchinson, y A. Smith. Ethnicity (pp. 28-34). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fernández Bravo, A. (1995). La Invención de la Nación. Lecturas de la identidad de Herder a Homi Bhabha. Buenos Aires: Manantial.
Flora, P., Kuhnle, S., y Urwin, D. (1999). State Formation, State-Building, and Mass Politics in Europe. The Theory of Stein Rokkan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Freeden, M. (1998). Is Nationalism a Distinct Ideology? Political Studies, 46(4), 748-765.
Gat, A. (2013) Nations. The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Geary, P. J. (2003). The Myth of Nations: The Medieval Origins of Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Geertz, C. (1965). Old societies and new states. Nueva York: The Free Press.
Gellner, E. (1965). Thought and Change. Londres: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Gellner, E. (1994). Encounters with Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell.
Gellner, E. (1997). Nationalism. Londres: Weidenfeld & Nicholson.
Gellner, E. (2008). Naciones y nacionalismo. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Gerth, H. H., y Mills, C. W. (1946). From Max Weber. Essays in Sociology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity.
Giddens, A. (1985). The Nation-State and Violence. Los Ángeles: University of California Press.
Giddens, A. (1990). The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Giddens, A. (1994). El Capitalismo y la Moderna Teoría Social. Barcelona: Labor.
Greenfeld, L. (1992). Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Gregory, D. (2004). The Colonial Present. Oxford: Blackwell.
Grosby, S. (1995). Territoriality: The Transcendental, Primordial Feature of Modern Societies. Nations and Nationalism, 1(2), 143-162.
Guibernau, M. (1996). Nationalisms: The Nation-State and Nationalism in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Haas, E. (1986). What is Nationalism and Why Should We Study It? International Organization, 40(3), 707-744.
Haas, E. (1997). Nationalism, Liberalism, and Progress. The Rise and Decline of Nationalism (Vol. 1). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Habermas, J. (1993). El Discurso Filosófico de la Modernidad. Madrid: Taurus.
Hall, S. (1994). Rassismus und kulturelle Identität. Ausgewählte Schriften 2. Hamburgo: Argument.
Hastings, A. (2000). La construcción de las nacionalidades. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hechter. M. (1975). Internal Colonialism. Londres: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Hechter. M. (1988). Rational Choice Theory and the Study of Ethnic and Race Relations. En J. Rex, y D. Mason (eds.), Theories of Ethnic and Race Relations (pp. 264-280). Cambridge: CUP.
Hechter. M. (2000). Nationalism and Rationality. Studies in Comparative International Development, 35(1), 3-19.
Hirschi, C. (2012). The Origins of Nationalism: An Alternative History from Ancient Rome to early Modern Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hobsbawm, E. (1972). Some reflections on nationalism. En T. J. Nossiter, A. H. Hanson, y S. Rokkan (eds.), Imagination and Precision in the Social Sciences: Essays in memory of Peter Nettl (pp. 385-406). Londres: Faber.
Hobsbawm, E. (1975). En Torno a los Orígenes de la Revolución Industrial (O. Castillo y E. Tandeter, trad.). Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.
Hobsbawm, E. (2012). Naciones y nacionalismo desde 1780 (J. Beltrán, trad.). Barcelona: Crítica.
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Cómo citar
Reyes Pascual, G. (2019). La problemática de las definiciones en el análisis del nacionalismo y la nación desde el paradigma del modernismo. Papel Político, 24(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.papo24-1.pdan
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Sección
Ciencia Política