ego-resiliency, adjustment, vulnerable individuals, well-beingego-resilencia, ajuste, personas vulnerables, bienestar

Alessandri, G., Vecchio, G. M., Steca, P., Caprara, M. G., & Caprara, G. V. (2007). A revised version of Kremen and Block’s Ego Resiliency Scale in an Italian sample. TPM-Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 14(3-4), 165-183. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2fb2/7dcdb46231756ab173b13e1c8c60b71e2e0c.pdf

Alessandri, G., Vecchione, M., Caprara, G. V., & Letzring, T. D. (2012). The Ego Resiliency Scale Revised: A cross-cultural study in Italy, Spain, and the United States. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28(2), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000102

Alessandri, G., Zuffianò, A., Eisenberg, N., & Pastorelli, C. (2017). The role of ego-resiliency as mediator of the longitudinal relationship between family socio-economic status and school grades. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 2157-2168. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10964-017-0691-7

Apfel, R. J., & Simon, B. (1996). Psychosocial interventions for children of war: The value of a model of resiliency. Medicine and Global Survival, 3, A2. Retrieved from https://ippnw.org/~ippnwor1/pdf/mgs/3-apfel-simon.pdf

Asís, F. (1999). ¿De quién se predican las competencias profesionales?: una invitación a su investigación. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 15(3), 407-418. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=293291

Bagozzi, R. P., Verbecke, W., & Gavino, J. C., Jr. (2003). Culture moderates the self-regulation of shame and its effects on performance: The case of salespersons in the Netherlands and the Philippines. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 219-233. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.219

Baldwin, D. R., Jackson, D., Okoh, I., & Cannon, R. L. (2011). Resiliency and optimism: An African American senior citizen’s perspective. The Journal of Black Psychology, 37, 24-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798410364394

Barcaccia, B., Pallini, S., Milioni, M., & Vecchio, G. M. (2018). Resentment or forgivingness? The assessment of forgiveness in Italian adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 11, 1407-1423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-017-9483-6

Barcaccia, B., Pallini, S., Pozza, A., Milioni, M., Baiocco, R., Mancini, F., & Vecchio, G. M. (2019). Forgiving adolescents: Far from depression, close to well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1725), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01725

Benard, B. (2004). Resiliency: What we have learned. San Francisco, CA: WestEd.

Betancourt, T. S. (2005). Stressors, supports and the social ecology of displacement: Psychosocial dimensions of an emergency education program for Chechen adolescents displaced in Ingushetia, Russia. Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry, 29, 309-340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-005-9170-9

Block, J., & Block, J. H. (2006). Venturing a 30-year longitudinal study. American Psychologist, 61, 315-327. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.4.315

Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. In W. A. Collins (Ed.), Minnesota symposia on child psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39-101). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349-361. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.349

Bogic, M., Njoku, A., & Priebe, S. (2015). Long-term mental health of war-refugees: A systematic literature review. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 15(1), 1- 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-015-0064-9

Boyden, J., & de Berry, J. (Eds.). (2004). Children and youth on the front line: Ethnography, armed conflict and displacement. New York: Berghahn Books.

Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.

Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.

Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267-283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267

Chatty, D., & Lewando-Hundt, G. (2001). Children and adolescents in Palestinian households: Living with the effects of prolonged conflict and forced migration (Lesson Learned Report. Special publication of the RSC and ARC, Oxford and Beirut). Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre.

Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14(3), 464-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834

Crea, T. M. (2016). Refugee higher education: Contextual challenges and implications for program design, delivery, and accompaniment. International Journal of Educational Development, 46, 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.11.005

Earls, F., & Carlson, M. (2001). The social ecology of child health and well-being. Annual Review of Public Health, 22, 143-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publ- health.22.1.143

Eisenberg, N., Hernández, M. M., & Spinrad, T. L. (2017). The relation of self-regulation to externalizing and internalizing problems. In C. A. Essau, T. H. Ollendick & S. S. LeBlanc (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology in children and adolescents (pp. 18-42). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fazel, S., & Baillargeon, J. (2011). The health of prisoners. The Lancet, 377(9769), 956-965. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61053-7

Fonzi, A., & Menesini, E. (2005). Strategie di coping e caratteristiche di resilienza in adolescenza. Psicologia Clinica dello Sviluppo, 3, 437-456. https://doi.org/10.1449/21190

Kim, Y. J., Cho, Y. -A., & Kim, H. A. (2015). A mediation effect of ego resiliency between stresses and mental health of North Korean refugee youth in South Korea. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 32, 481-490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-015-0385-5

Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. New York: Guilford.

Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford.

Klohnen, E. C. (1996). Conceptual analysis and measurement of the construct of ego resiliency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1067-1079. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.1067

Letzring, T. D., Block, J., & Funder, D. C. (2005). Ego-control and ego-resiliency: Generalization of self-report scales based on personality descriptions from acquaintances, clinicians, and the self. Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 395-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2004.06.003

Loh, J., Schutte, N., & Thorsteinsson, E. (2014). Be happy: The role of resilience between characteristic affect and symptoms of depression. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(5), 1125-1138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9467-2

MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Cai, L. (2006). Testing differences between nested covariance structure models: Power analysis and null hypotheses. Psychological Methods, 11, 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.11.1.19

Macksoud, M. S., & Aber, J. L. (1996). The war experiences and psychosocial development of children in Lebanon. Child Development, 67(1), 70–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467‐8624.1996.tb01720.x

Masten, A. S. (2014). Ordinary magic: Resilience in development. New York: Guilford.

Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2(4), 425-444. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400005812

Masten, A. S., & Wright, M. O. (2009). Resilience over the lifespan: Developmental perspectives on resistance, recovery, and transformation. In J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra & J. S. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of adult resilience (pp. 213-237). New York: Guilford.

Milioni, M., Alessandri, G., Eisenberg, N., & Caprara, G. V. (2016). The role of positivity as predictor of ego-resiliency from adolescence to young adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 306-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.025

Mohamed, S., & Thomas, M. (2017). The mental health and psychological well-being of refugee children and young people: An exploration of risk, resilience and protective factors. Educational Psychology in Practice, 33(3), 249-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/02667363.2017.1300769

Muthén, L., & Muthén, B. (1998-2018). Mplus user’s guide (8th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

Panchal, S., Mukherjee, S., & Kumar, U. (2016). Optimism in relation to well-being, resilience, and perceived stress. International Journal of Education and Psychological Research, 5(2), 1-6. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ae6c/244ad137bb8a008d20cbec64fa3db235ac80.pdf

Raciti, P., Milioni, M., Uribe, L., Vecchio, G. M., Giraldo Villate, C. I., & Vivaldi Vera, P. (2015). La medición de las competencias transversales en Colombia: una propuesta metodológica. Madrid: Programa Eurosocial. Retrieved from http://sia.eurosocial-ii.eu/files/docs/1444897404-DT34.pdf

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorders. British Journal of Psychology, 147, 598-611. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.6.598

Rutter, M. (2003). Genetic influences on risk and protection: Implications for understanding resilience. In S. S. Luthar (Ed.), Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities (pp. 489-509). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063–1078.

Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23-74. Retrieved from http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~snijders/mpr_Schermelleh.pdf

Shaheen, M. M., & Oppenheim, S. (2016). Youth resilience makes a difference in mitigating stress: Teacher mediated school intervention in Bethlehem. Intervention, 14(3), 305-319. Retrieved from https://www.interventionjournal.com/sites/default/files/Youth_resilience_makes_a_difference_in_mitigating.13.pdf

Shoshani, A., & Slone, M. (2016). The resilience function of character strengths in the face of war and protracted conflict. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2015.02006

Steca, P., Caprara, G. V., Tramontano, C., Vecchio, G. M., & Roth, E. (2009). Young adults’ life satisfaction: The role of self-regulatory efficacy beliefs in managing affects and relationships across time and across cultures. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(7), 824-861. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2009.28.7.824

Schwartz, S. J., Benet-Martínez, V., Knight, G. P., Unger, J. B., Zamboanga, B. L., Des Rosiers, S. E., . . . Szapocznik, J. (2014). Effects of language of assessment on the measurement of acculturation: Measurement equivalence and cultural frame switching. Psychological Assessment, 26, 100-114. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034717

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1989). Using multivariate statistics (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Harper & Row.

Taylor, Z. E., Eisenberg, N., VanSchyndel, S. K., Eggum-Wilkens, N. D., & Spinrad, T. L. (2014). Children’s negative emotions and ego-resiliency: Longitudinal relations with social competence. Emotion, 14, 397-406. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035079

Taylor, Z. E., & Spinrad, T. L. (2017). Developmental tools that build social and emotional competence in school: A focus on effortful control and ego-resiliency. In M. A. Warren & S. I. Donaldson (Eds.), Toward a positive psychology of relationships: New directions in theory and research (pp. 119-144). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger/ABC-CLIO.

Vandenberg, R. J. (2002). Toward a further understanding of an improvement in measurement invariance methods and procedures. Organizational Research Methods, 5, 139-158. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428102005002001

Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 4-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810031002

Vecchione, M., Alessandri, G., Barbaranelli, C., & Gerbino, M. (2010). Stability and change of ego resiliency from late adolescence to young adulthood: A multiperspective study using the ER89-R Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 1-10. https://doi.org/10. 1080/00223891003670166

Windle, G., Bennett, K. M., & Noyes, J. (2011). A methodological review of resilience measurement scales. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 9, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-9-8

World Health Organization (1994). Life Skills Education in Schools. Geneva: WHO.

World Medical Association (2013). WMA Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (2013). Retrieved from: https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medicalresearch-involving-human-subjects/, Accessed date: June 11th 2017.

Vol. 18 Núm. 3 (2019)