Resumen
This study describes preventive interventions in school-based settings aimed at reducing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents. A systematic review was conducted. 3860 articles were identified, of which 25 were thoroughly analyzed. The study adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Database searches using PsycNet, Scopus, and PubMed happened on May 27, 2020. MeSH terms were employed. The review was limited to articles published from January 1, 2016, to the search date. Inclusion criteria targeted original empirical studies on preventive interventions for school-age adolescents. The goal was to reach studies reporting school programs designed to work on adolescent sexuality, HIV, STIs, and sexual risk. Results indicate that most interventions significantly enhanced knowledge about HIV, STIs, and prevention. Notably, interventions with substantial behavioral outcomes (such as carrying a condom) covered a diverse range of topics. Gender, relationship equity, communication skills, decision-making, and violence are examples. It is possible to conclude the importance of a comprehensive approach to improving sexual health in adolescence.
Abe, Y., Barker, L. T., Chan, V., & Eucogco, J. (2016). Culturally Responsive Adolescent Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Program for Middle School Students in Hawai‘i. American Journal of Public Health, 106(1), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303395
Advocates for Youth (2007). The truth about abstinence-only programs. Retrieved from https://www.advocatesforyouth.org/wp-content/uploads/storage/advfy/documents/fsabstinenceonly.pdf. (July 18, 2023).
Bozzini, A. B., Bauer, A., Maruyama, J., Simões, R., & Matijasevich, A. (2020). Factors associated with risk behaviors in adolescence: a systematic review. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 210-221. http://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0835
CDC HIV/AIDS. (2008). CDC HIV/AIDS fact sheet: HIV/AIDS among youth. [Fact sheet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/group/age/youth/cdc-hiv-youth.pdf
CDC Youth. (2012). CDC Youth risk behavior surveillance, United States, 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 61(4), 2–45.
Chaveiro, L. G. (2011). A temática sexualidade no contexto escolar: Diagnóstico situacional na região leste de Goiânia, Goiás [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Goiás.
Dessen, M. A. & Polonia, A. C. (2007). A família e a escola como contextos de desenvolvimento humano. Paidéia, 17(36), 550-571. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-863X2007000100003
Dinaj-Koci, V., Chen, X., Deveaux, L., Lunn, S., Li, X., Wang, B., Braithwaite, N., Marshall, S., Gomez, P. & Stanton, B. (2012). Developmental Implications of HIV Prevention During Adolescence. Youth & Society, 47(2), 151–172. http://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X12456028
Downing, J., Jones, L., Bates, G., Sumnall, H., & Bellis, M. A. (2011). A systematic review of parent and family-based intervention effectiveness on sexual outcomes in young people. Health education research, 26(5), 808–833. http://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyr019
Duh, E., Medina, S. P., Coppersmith, N., Adjei, N., Roberts, M. B., & Magee, S. (2017). Sex Ed by Brown Med: A Student-Run Curriculum and Its Impact on Sexual Health Knowledge. Fam Med, 29(10), 785–788.
Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Cork, M. A., Sligar, A., Steuben, K. M., Wilson, K. F., Provost, N. R., Mayala, B. K., VanderHeide, J. D., Collison, M. L., Hall, J. B., Biehl, M. H., Carter, A., Frank, T., Douwes-Schultz, D., Burstein, R., Casey D. C., Deshpande, A., Earl L., Bcheraoui, Farag, T. H., . . . & Hay, S. (2019). Mapping HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2017. Nature, 570(7760), 189-193. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1200-9
Edgardh, K. (2002). Adolescent sexual health in Sweden. Sexually transmitted infections, 78(5), 352–356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.78.5.352
Escribano, S., Espada, J. P., Orgilés, M., & Morales, A. (2016). Implementation fidelity for promoting the effectiveness of an adolescent sexual health program. Evaluation and Program Planning, 59, 81–87. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.08.008
Espada, J. P., Morales, A., Orgilés, M., Jemmott, J. B., & Jemmott, L. S. (2015). Short-Term Evaluation of a Skill-Development Sexual Education Program for Spanish Adolescents Compared With a Well-Established Program. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1), 30–37. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.018
Ew, R. D. A. S., Conz, J., de Oliveira Farias, A. D. G., Sombrio, P. B. M., & Rocha, K. B. (2017). Diálogos sobre sexualidade na escola: uma intervenção possível. Revista Psicologia em Pesquisa, 11(2). http://doi.org/10.24879/2017001100200155
Fernandez-Santos, D., Miranda-Diaz, C., Figueroa-Cosme, W., Ramon, R., Mayor, A., Rios-Olivares, E., & Hunter-Mellado, R. (2015). Impact of ASUMA Intervention on HIV Risk Behaviors among Puerto Rican Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010060
Forrest, J. D., & Singh, S. (1990). The sexual and reproductive behavior of American women, 1982-1988. Family Planning Perspectives, 22(5), 206–214.
Galvão, T. F., Pansani, T. D. S. A., & Harrad, D. (2015). Principais itens para relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Meta-análises: A recomendação PRISMA. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 24(2), 335-342. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742015000200017
Gava, T., & Villela, W. V. (2016). Educação em Sexualidade: desafios políticos e práticos para a escola. Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad , 24, 157-171. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-6487.sess.2016.24.07.a
Global information and education on HIV and AIDS (AVERT). (2020). HIV Timeline [website]. https://timeline.avert.org/
Goesling, B., Scott, M. E., & Cook, E. (2016). Impacts of an Enhanced Family Health and Sexuality Module of the HealthTeacher Middle School Curriculum: A Cluster Randomized Trial. American Journal of Public Health, 106(1), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303392
Guttmacher Institute. (2021). Sex and HIV education. https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/sex-and-hiv-education.
Harrison, A., Cleland, J., Gouws, E., & Frohlich, J. (2005). Early sexual debut among young men in rural South Africa: heightened vulnerability to sexual risk? Sexually transmitted infections, 81(3), 259-261. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2004.011486
Klinger, A., & Asgary, R. (2015). Implementation and evaluation of a curriculum to teach reproductive health to adolescents in northern Madagascar. International Health, 8(3), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihv057
Krugu, J. K., Mevissen, F. E. F., Van Breukelen, G., & Ruiter, R. A. C. (2018). SPEEK: effect evaluation of a Ghanaian school-based and peer-led sexual education programme. Health Education Research, 33(4), 292–314. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyy017
Harrison, A., Hoffman, S., Mantell, J. E., Smit, J. A., Leu, C.-S., Exner, T. M., & Stein, Z. A. (2016). Gender-focused HIV and pregnancy prevention for school-going adolescents: TheMpondombilipilot intervention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services, 15(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/15381501.2014.999183
James, S. L., Abate, D., Abate, K. H., Abay, S. M., Abbafati, C., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdela, J., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulkader, R.S., Abebe, Z., Abera, S.F., Abil, O.Z., Abraha, H.N., Abu-Raddad, L.J., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E., Accrombessi, M.M.K., Acharya, D., Acharya, P., ... & Murray, C.J.L. (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 392(10159), 1789-1858. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
Johnson, B. T., Carey, M. P., Marsh, K. L., Levin, K. D., & Scott-Sheldon, L. A. (2003). Interventions to reduce sexual risk for the human immunodeficiency virus in adolescents, 1985-2000: a research synthesis. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 157(4), 381–388. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.157.4.381
Jones, L., Sumnall, H., Witty, K., Wareing, M., McVeigh, J., & Bellis, M. (2006). A review of community-based interventions to reduce substance misuse among vulnerable and disadvantaged young people. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.
Kemigisha, E., Bruce, K., Ivanova, O., Leye, E., Coene, G., Ruzaaza, G. N., Ninsiima, A. B., Mlahagwa, W., Nyakato, V. N., & Michielsen, K. (2019). Evaluation of a school based comprehensive sexuality education program among very young adolescents in rural Uganda. BMC Public Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7805-y
Kirby, D. B. (2008). The impact of abstinence and comprehensive sex and STD/HIV education programs on adolescent sexual behavior. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 5(3), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1525/srsp.2008.5.3.18
Kirby, D., & Laris, B. A. (2009). Effective curriculum‐based sex and STD/HIV education programs for adolescents. Child Development Perspectives, 3(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00071.x
Levy, E., Kaufman, M. R., Gidron, Y., Deschepper, R., & Olley, B. O. (2019). Interventions targeting social cognitive determinants of condom use in the general Sub-Saharan population: a systematic review. Cogent Psychology, 6(1), 1637167. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2019.1637167
Lightfoot, A. F., Taboada, A., Taggart, T., Tran, T., & Burtaine, A. (2015). “I learned to be okay with talking about sex and safety”: assessing the efficacy of a theatre-based HIV prevention approach for adolescents in North Carolina. Sex Education, 15(4), 348–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2015.1025947
Maneseri, H., Roberts, K. D., Barker, L. T., & Tom, T. (2019). Pono Choices: Lessons for School Leaders From the Evaluation of a Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program. Journal of School Health, 89(4), 246-256. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12733
Mathews, C., Eggers, S. M., de Vries, P. J., Mason-Jones, A. J., Townsend, L., Aarø, L. E., & De Vries, H. (2015). Reaching the hard to reach: longitudinal investigation of adolescents’ attendance at an after-school sexual and reproductive health programme in Western Cape, South Africa. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 608. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1963-3
Mathews, C., Eggers, S. M., Townsend, L., Aarø, L. E., de Vries, P. J., Mason-Jones, A. J., Koker, P., Appollis, T. M., Mitshizana, Y., Koech, J., Wubs, A., & De Vries, H. (2016). Effects of PREPARE, a Multi-component, School-Based HIV and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Prevention Programme on Adolescent Sexual Risk Behaviour and IPV: Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. AIDS and Behavior, 20(9), 1821–1840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1410-1
Namisi, F., Aarø, L. E., Kaaya, S., Kajula, L. J., Kilonzo, G. P., Onya, H., Wubs, A., & Mathews, C. (2015). Adolescents’ Communication with Parents, Other Adult Family Members and Teachers on Sexuality: Effects of School-Based Interventions in South Africa and Tanzania. AIDS and Behavior, 19(12), 2162–2176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1019-9
Outlaw, A. Y., Phillips, G., Hightow-Weidman, L. B., Fields, S. D., Hidalgo, J., Halpern-Felsher, B., Green-Jones M., & The Young MSM of Color SPNS Initiative Study Group. (2011). Age of MSM sexual debut and risk factors: results from a multisite study of racial/ethnic minority YMSM living with HIV. AIDS patient care and STDs, 25(1), 23–29. doi:10.1089/apc.2011.9879.
Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. (2016). Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic reviews, 5(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4.
Parker, R., Wellings, K., & Lazarus, J. V. (2009). Sexuality education in Europe: An overview of current policies. Sex Education, 9(3), 227–242.
Peskin, M. F., Coyle, K. K., Anderson, P. M., Laris, B. A., Glassman, J. R., Franks, H. M., Thiel, M. A., Potter, S. C., Unti, T., Edwards, S., Johnson-Baker, K., Cuccaro, P. M., Diamond, P., Markham, C. M., Shegog, R., Baumler, E. R., Gabay, E. K., & Emery, S. T. (2019). Replication of It’s Your Game…Keep It Real! in Southeast Texas. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 40(3), 297–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-019-00549-0
Pettifor, A. E., Rees, H. V., Kleinschmidt, I., Steffenson, A. E., MacPhail, C., Hlongwa-Madikizela, L., Vermaak, K., & Padian, N. S. (2005). Young people's sexual health in South Africa: HIV prevalence and sexual behaviors from a nationally representative household survey. Aids, 19(14), 1525-1534. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000183129.16830.06
Potter, S. C., Coyle, K. K., Glassman, J. R., Kershner, S., & Prince, M. S. (2016). It’s Your Game…Keep It Real in South Carolina: A Group Randomized Trial Evaluating the Replication of an Evidence-Based Adolescent Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Program. American Journal of Public Health, 106(1), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303419
Robinson, W. T., Seibold-Simpson, S. M., Crean, H. F., & Spruille-White, B. (2016). Randomized Trials of the Teen Outreach Program in Louisiana and Rochester, New York. American Journal of Public Health, 106(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303403
Rohrbach, L. A., Berglas, N. F., Jerman, P., Angulo-Olaiz, F., Chou, C.-P., & Constantine, N. A. (2015). A Rights-Based Sexuality Education Curriculum for Adolescents: 1-Year Outcomes From a Cluster-Randomized Trial. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(4), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.004
Rotz, D., Goesling, B., Manlove, J., Welti, K., & Trenholm, C. (2018). Impacts of a School-Wide, Peer-Led Approach to Sexuality Education: A Matched Comparison Group Design. Journal of School Health, 88(8), 549–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12642
Sani, A. S., Abraham, C., Denford, S., & Ball, S. (2016). School-based sexual health education interventions to prevent STI/HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 16, 2–26. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12889-016-3715-4
Satterwhite, C. L., Torrone, E., Meites, E., Dunne, E. F., Mahajan, R., Ocfemia, M. C. B., Su, J., Xu, F., & Weinstock, H. (2013). Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. Sexually transmitted diseases, 40(3), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318286bb53
Schooler, D. (2013). Early adolescent body image predicts subsequent condom use behavior among girls. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 10(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13178-012-0099-9
Sehnem, G. D., Crespo, B. T. T., Lipinski, J. M., Ribeiro, A. C., Wilhelm, L. A., & Arboit, J. (2019). Saúde sexual e reprodutiva dos adolescentes: percepções dos profissionais em enfermagem. Avances en Enfermería, 37(3). https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v37n3.78933
Shangase, N., Kharsany, A. B. M., Ntombela, N. P., Pettifor, A., & McKinnon, L. R. (2021). A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of School Based Interventions on Sexual Risk Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and behavior, 25(11), 3669–3686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03242-8
Siddaway, A. P., Wood, A. M., & Hedges, L. V. (2019). How to do a systematic review: a best practice guide for conducting and reporting narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-synthesis. Annual review of psychology, 70, 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803
Sigelman, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2014). Life-span human development. Cengage Learning.
Stanton, B., Dinaj-Koci, V., Wang, B., Deveaux, L., Lunn, S., Li, X., Rolle, G., Brathwaite, N., Marshall, S., & Gomez, P. (2015). Adolescent HIV Risk Reduction in the Bahamas: Results from Two Randomized Controlled Intervention Trials Spanning Elementary School Through High School. AIDS and Behavior, 20(6), 1182–1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1225-5
Taggart, T., Taboada, A., Stein, J. A., Milburn, N. G., Gere, D., & Lightfoot, A. F. (2016). AMP!: A Cross-site Analysis of the Effects of a Theater-based Intervention on Adolescent Awareness, Attitudes, and Knowledge about HIV. Prevention Science, 17(5), 544–553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-016-0645-4
Trenholm, C., Devaney, B., Fortson, K., Quay, K., Wheeler, J., & Clark, M. (2007). Impacts of Four Title V, Section 510 Abstinence Education Programs. https://aspe.hhs.gov/reports/impacts-four-title-v-section-510-abstinence-education-programs-1
Timol, F., Vawda, M. Y., Bhana, A., Moolman, B., Makoae, M., & Swartz, S. (2016). Addressing adolescents’ risk and protective factors related to risky behaviours: Findings from a school-based peer-education evaluation in the Western Cape. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 13(1), 197–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2016.1241188
Vasilenko, S. A., Glassman, J. R., Kugler, K. C., Peskin, M. F., Shegog, R., Markham, C. M., Emery, S. T., & Coyle, K. K. (2019). Examining the Effects of an Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program by Risk Profiles: A More Nuanced Approach to Program Evaluation. Journal of Adolescent Health, 64, 732–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.003
Woolweaver, A. B., Drescher, A., Medina, C., & Espelage, D. L. (2023). Leveraging Comprehensive Sexuality Education as a Tool for Knowledge, Equity, and Inclusion. Journal of School Health, 93(4), 340–348.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2003). Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Available at: https://www.who.int/health-topics/sexually-transmitted-infections#tab=tab_.
Zoltowski, A. P. ., Costa, A. B., Teixeira, M. A. P., & Koller, S. H. (2014). Qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas em periódicos de psicologia brasileiros. Psicologia: teoria e Pesquisa, 30(1), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722014000100012

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2025 Fernando Martins de Azevedo, Amanda Costa Schnor, Rodrigo Falcão Chaise, Gabriela dos Santos Jacobsen, Kátia Bones Rocha, Adolfo Pizzinato