Versiones
- 2025-12-24 (2)
- 2025-12-19 (1)
Palabras clave
desesperanza
sindrome de burnout
docentes
educación primaria
bienestar docente
Cómo citar
Resumen
El propósito de este estudio fue analizar si la esperanza y la desesperanza pueden funcionar como predictores del desgaste profesional en docentes de educación primaria. Para ello, se evaluaron 231 educadores de escuelas estatales de Mendoza, Argentina. Los instrumentos empleados fueron: un cuestionario semiestructurado ad hoc, el Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach y Jackson, 1986) y el Test de Esperanza-Desesperanza (Pereyra 1995, 2013). Los resultados indicaron que tanto el agotamiento emocional como la despersonalización se asociaron positivamente con la desesperanza y negativamente con la esperanza. En cambio, la realización personal presentó una relación negativa con la desesperanza y positiva con la esperanza. Se observó además que la esperanza predijo de manera positiva la realización personal y de forma negativa el agotamiento emocional y la despersonalización. Por el contrario, la desesperanza se constituyó en un predictor negativo de la realización personal y positivo del agotamiento emocional y la despersonalización.
Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96(2), 358–372. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.358
Agyapong, B., Obuobi-Donkor, G., Burback, L., & Wei, Y. (2022). Stress, burnout, anxiety and depression among teachers: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10706. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710706
Alu, M., Bonelli, S., & Nistal, M. (2023). Características y condiciones de trabajo de las y los docentes de primaria. Observatorio de Argentinos por la Educación. https://argentinosporlaeducacion.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Caracteristicas-y-condiciones-de-trabajo-de-las-y-los-docentes-de-primaria.pdf
American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychological Association.
Anderson, C. C. (2023). The relationship between principal burnout, gender, school size, school level, and hope: A multiple regression analysis [Tesis doctoral inédita, Liberty University]. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6052&context=doctoral
Ato, M., López-García, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038–1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
Carr, A. (2007). Psicología positiva: La ciencia de la felicidad. Paidós.
Civilotti, C., Acquadro Maran, D., Garbarino, S., & Magnavita, N. (2022). Hopelessness in police officers and its association with depression and burnout: A pilot study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095169
Cvetkovic-Vega, A., Maguiña, J. L., Soto, A., Lama-Valdivia, J., & López-Correa, L. (2021). Estudios transversales. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana, 21(1), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.25176/RFMH.v21i1.3960
Djudiyah, D., Alif, M., & Firdiyanti, R. (2023). The effects of hope and self-efficacy on employee burnout. Journal of Educational, Health, and Community Psychology, 12(1), 52–77. https://doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v1i1.23550
Einav, M., Confino, D., Geva, N., & Margalit, M. (2024). Teachers’ burnout: The role of social support, gratitude, hope, entitlement and loneliness. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 9(2), 827–849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-024-00154-5
Epifanio, M. S., La Grutta, S., Piombo, M. A., Riolo, M., Spicuzza, V., Franco, M., Mancini, G., De Pascalis, L., Trombini, E., & Andrei, F. (2023). Hopelessness and burnout in Italian healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of trait emotional intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1146408. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1146408
Ferradás, M. de M., Freire, C., García-Bértoa, A., Núñez, J. C., & Rodríguez, S. (2019). Teacher profiles of psychological capital and their relationship with burnout. Sustainability, 11(18), 5096. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185096
Fiorucci, F., Navarro, C. P., Batista, P., Espinoza, G. A., & Goetschel, A. M. (2022). Trayectorias de feminización del magisterio en Sudamérica: Los casos de Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Perú y Uruguay. Revista de Historia de América, 163, 85–133. https://doi.org/10.35424/rha.163.2022.1145
Gil-Monte, P. R. (2019). Prevención y tratamiento del síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (burnout): Programa de intervención. Ediciones Pirámide.
Gil-Monte, P. R., & Prado-Gascó, V. J. (2021). Manual de psicología del trabajo. Ediciones Pirámide.
Gorain, S., & Kalhotra, S. K. (2024). Does teacher burnout and academic stress influence teacher effectiveness? A systematic review. Journal of Education Method and Learning Strategy, 2(2), 253–266. https://doi.org/10.59653/jemls.v2i02.782
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8.ª ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hanju, Z., & Shiquan, G. (2024). A review of research on elementary and middle school teacher burnout. Journal of Human Resource Development, 6(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.23977/jhrd.2024.060106
Herbert, M. (2011). An exploration of the relationships between psychological capital (hope, optimism, self-efficacy, resilience), occupational stress, burnout and employee engagement [Tesis de maestría inédita, Stellenbosch University]. http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/17829
Hernández Sampieri, R., Fernández Collado, C., & Baptista Lucio, M. (2014). Metodología de la investigación. McGraw-Hill Interamericana.
Korkut, S. (2022). Research of burnout, coronaphobia, hopelessness and psychological resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medicine Science, 11(4), 1569. https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2022.08.174
Kumari, D. D., & Prajapati, R. K. (2024). A study of relationship between job burnout and the mental health of the teacher educators. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(3s), 5459–5464. https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.803410S
MacIntyre, P., Mercer, S., Gregersen, T., & Hay, A. (2022). The role of hope in language teachers’ changing stress, coping and well-being. System, 109, 102881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102881
Madigan, D. J., & Kim, L. E. (2021a). Does teacher burnout affect students? A systematic review of its association with academic achievement and student-reported outcomes. International Journal of Educational Research, 105, 101714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101714
Madigan, D. J., & Kim, L. E. (2021b). Towards an understanding of teacher attrition: A meta-analysis of burnout, job satisfaction and teachers’ intentions to quit. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, 103425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103425
Madigan, D. J., Kim, L. E., Glandorf, H. L., & Kavanagh, O. (2023). Teacher burnout and physical health: A systematic review. International Journal of Educational Research, 119, 102173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102173
Marchetti, I., Alloy, L. B., & Koster, E. H. W. (2023). Breaking the vise of hopelessness: Targeting its components, antecedents, and context. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 16, 285–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-023-00165-1
Maslach, C. (2019). Burnout: A multidimensional perspective. En W. B. Schaufeli, C. Maslach, & T. Marek (Eds.), Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research (pp. 19–32). Taylor & Francis.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1986). Maslach Burnout Inventory (2.ª ed.). Consulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2022). The burnout challenge: Managing people’s relationships with their jobs. Harvard University Press.
Manzini, F. (2023). Muestreo en investigaciones psicológicas. En M. J. Sánchez Vázquez (Comp.), Metodología en acción: Aportes a la investigación psicológica con humanos (pp. 75–89). Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
Melges, F. T., & Bowlby, J. (1969). Types of hopelessness in psychopathological process. Archives of General Psychiatry, 20, 690–699. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740180074007
Miller, C. R., Pharris, A. B., Hellman, C. M., & Swann, J. (2024). A model of hope as a protective measure to lower burnout and secondary traumatic stress among employees working in developmental and intellectual disabilities services. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 37(2), e13184. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13184
Murphy, E. R. (2023). Hope and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 50, 101558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101558
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2021). Burnout. ICD-11. https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#129180281
Passmore, S., Hemming, E., McIntosh, H. C., & Hellman, C. M. (2020). The relationship between hope, meaning in work, secondary traumatic stress and burnout among child abuse pediatric clinicians. The Permanente Journal, 24, 19.087. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/19.087
Pereyra, M. (1995). La esperanza-desesperanza como variable diagnóstica y predictiva del proceso salud-enfermedad [Tesis doctoral inédita, Universidad Católica de Córdoba].
Pereyra, M. (1996). Desarrollo y validación de un instrumento de medición de la esperanza-desesperanza. Acta Psiquiátrica y Psicológica de América Latina, 42(3), 35–42.
Pereyra, M. (2013). Test de esperanza-desesperanza (TED y TED-R). Editorial El Manual Moderno.
Pereyra, M. (2020). Psicología de la esperanza: 30 años de investigación. Editorial de la Universidad Adventista del Plata.
Pharris, A. B. (2024). The protective effects of hope training on human service workforce burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 49(2), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2024.2388726
Pharris, A. B., Munoz, R. T., & Hellman, C. M. (2022). Hope and resilience as protective factors linked to lower burnout among child welfare workers. Children and Youth Services Review, 136, 106424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106424
Pompili, M., Innamorati, M., Narciso, V., Kotzalidis, G. D., Dominici, G., Talamo, A., Girardi, P., Lester, D., & Tatarelli, R. (2010). Burnout, hopelessness and suicide risk in medical doctors. Clinica Terapeutica, 161(6), 511–514. https://www.clinicaterapeutica.it/download/400/fascicolo-6/7060/161-06-02_pompili.pdf
Pompili, M., Rinaldi, G., Lester, D., Girardi, P., Ruberto, A., & Tatarelli, R. (2006). Hopelessness and suicide risk emerge in psychiatric nurses suffering from burnout and using specific defense mechanisms. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 20(3), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2005.12.002
Resett, S., Oñate, M. E., & Menghi, M. S. (2025). Burnout, factores estresantes, demográficos y laborales en docentes de educación primaria y secundaria. Revista Peruana de Educación, 7(13), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.37260/repe.v7n13.10
Rustamov, E., Rustamova, N., & Mammadzada, G. (2024). Post-pandemic job burnout in Azerbaijani medical doctors: The role of psychological resilience and hope. Universal Journal of Public Health, 12(3), 425–433. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujph.2024.120301
Schaufeli, W. B., Hakanen, J., & Shimazu, A. (2023b). Burning questions in burnout research. En N. De Cuyper, E. Selenko, M. Euwema, & W. B. Schaufeli (Eds.), Job insecurity, precarious employment and burnout (pp. 127–148). Edward Elgar.
Seisdedos, N. (1997). MBI. Inventario Burnout de Maslach: Manual. TEA.
Seligman, M. (2017). La auténtica felicidad. Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial.
Sherwin, E. D., Elliott, T. R., Rybarczyk, B. D., Frank, R. C., Hanson, S., & Hoffman, J. (1992). Negotiating the reality of caregiving: Hope, burnout and nursing. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 11(2), 129–139. https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/epdf/10.1521/jscp.1992.11.2.129
Snyder, C. R. (2000). Hypothesis: There is hope. En C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, and applications (pp. 3–21). Academic Press.
Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows of the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249–275. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01
Sohail, M. M., Baghdady, A., Choi, J., Huynh, H. V., Whetten, K., & Proeschold-Bell, R. J. (2023). Factors influencing teacher wellbeing and burnout in schools: A scoping review. Work, 76(4), 1317–1331. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-220234
Stotland, E. (1969). The psychology of hope. Jossey-Bass.
Szcześniak, M., Falewicz, A., Wnuk, M., Bielecka, G., & Madej, D. (2024). The mediating effect of hope agency on perceived stress and professional burnout among Polish corporate employees. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1859. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52289-9
Taati Jeliseh, M., Koleini, N., Zohrabi, M., & Xodabande, I. (2025). Examining the contributions of hope and optimism to teacher wellbeing and burnout through a structural equation modeling analysis. Discover Psychology, 5(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-025-00454-0
Tabares-Díaz, Y. A., Martínez-Daza, V. A., & Matabanchoy-Tulcán, S. M. (2020). Síndrome de burnout en docentes de Latinoamérica: Una revisión sistemática. Universidad y Salud, 22(3), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.202203.199
Vargas-Rubilar, N. A., & Moreno, J. E. (2023). Desencadenantes y facilitadores del desgaste profesional docente en instituciones educativas. Acta Psiquiátrica y Psicológica de América Latina, 69(1), 5–15. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Natalia-Vargas-Rubilar/publication/382109390_Desencadenantes_y_facilitadores_del_desgaste_profesional_docente_en_instituciones_educativas/links/668e9797c1cf0d77ffcbbb0c/Desencadenantes-y-facilitadores-del-desgaste-profesional-docente-en-instituciones-educativas.pdf
Vetter, M. H., Vetter, M. K., & Fowler, J. (2018). Resilience, hope and flourishing are inversely associated with burnout among members of the Society for Gynecologic Oncology. Gynecologic Oncology Reports, 25, 52–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gore.2018.06.002
Wise, M. J. (2024). Teaching through COVID and after: Burnout, resiliency & hope [Tesis doctoral inédita, National University]. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED663065
Yotsidi, V., Kourmousi, N., Dermitzaki, E., Pezirkianidis, C., & Kounenou, K. (2018). Add flow to the fire: Flow and hope as a shield against burnout of fire service workers. Psychology, 9(6), 1291. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.96079
Zhang, Y., Kuang, D., Zhang, B., Liu, Y., Ren, J., Chen, L., Ning, L., Xie, X., & Han, J. (2023). Association between hopelessness and job burnout among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic: The mediating role of career calling and the moderating role of social isolation. Heliyon, 9(6), e16898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16898
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2025 Natalia Andrea Vargas Rubilar