Identity Development of Female Adolescents Belonging to Illegal Armed Groups in Colombia
HTML Full Text
PDF
XML

Keywords

Adolescent soldiers
female identity
gender

How to Cite

Identity Development of Female Adolescents Belonging to Illegal Armed Groups in Colombia. (2020). Universitas Psychologica, 19. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy19.idfa
Almetrics
 
Dimensions
 

Google Scholar
 
Search GoogleScholar

Abstract

The article presents the results of the research on the identity of the female adolescent soldiers who, at the time of the study, were in the Colombian government’s rehabilitation programs. The life history interviews methodology was used, 20 adolescents and young women participated, with an average age of 18.9 years. When they entered the illegal armed groups, they had an average of 12.5 years and remained in the groups an average of 4.4 years. From the narratives of the participants, it was discovered that the development of their identity went through three key moments: the first is the product of family interactions, and it is expressed in the tension of assuming the traditional role of women and the decision to join to illegal groups; the second is the result of their permanence in the groups and is defined by the strong masculine culture of war; and the third moment is a consequence of the transit of these women through of the governmental rehabilitation programs, and it is characterized by assuming control of their lives from the exercise of citizenship.

HTML Full Text
PDF
XML

Angucia, M, A., Zeelen, J., & Jong, G. (2010). Researching the reintegration of formerly abducted children in northern Uganda through action research: Experiences and reflections. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 20(3), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.1034

Atkinson, R. (2002). The Life Story Interview. In J. F. Gubrium & J. A. Holstein (Eds.), Handbook of interview research. Context & Method (pp. 121-140). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Bodineau, S. (2014). Vulnerability and agency: figures of child soldiers within the narratives of child protection practitioners in the democratic Republic of Congo. Autrepart, 4(72), 111-128. https://doi.org/10.3917/autr.072.0111

Bouvier, V. M. (2016). Gender and the role of women in Colombia’s Peace Process. NY: UN Wome.

Brooks, J. (2012). The Struggle of Girl Soldiers Returning Home. A Journal of Social Justice, 24(3), 292-297. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2012.704255

Buchanan, M. J., Al-Mashat, K., Cortés, L., Djukic, B., Jaghori, B., & Thompson, A. (2013). Children of war in Colombia and Iraq. In C. Fernando & M. Ferrari (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children of war (pp. 107-116). NY: Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6375-7

Butler, J. (2007). El género en disputa. El feminismo y la subversión de la identidad. Barcelona: Paidos.

Cajamarca, M. R. (2012). Por ser niña: Situación de las niñas en Colombia 2012. Esa niña también soy yo. Bogotá, D. C: Fundación Plan Colombia.

Cartagena, C. (2016). Los estudios de la violencia en Colombia antes de la violentología. Diálogos Revista Electrónica de Historia, 17(1), 63-88. Recuperado de https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/439/43942944004.pdf

Carter, M. J. (2014). Gender socialization and identity theory. Social Sciences, 3(2), 242-263. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci3020242

Castillo-Tietze, D. (2010). ¿De actores en armas a sujetos sociales? Niñas excombatientes, procesos de desarme, desmovilización y reinserción. Bogotá, D.C.: Terre des Hommes y FEDES.

Coalico. (2007). Informe sobre la situación de niños, niñas, y jóvenes vinculados al conflicto armado en Colombia. Coalición contra la vinculación de niños, niñas y jóvenes en el conflicto armado en Colombia and CEJIL.

Cornejo, M., Mendoza, F., & Rojas, R. C. (2008). La Investigación con relatos de vida: Pistas y opciones del diseño metodológico. Psykhe, 17(1), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-22282008000100004

Diamond, L. M., Pardo, S. T., & Butterworth, M. R. (2011). Transgender experience and identity. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research (Vol. 2, pp. 629-647). NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_26

Dunst, W. S. (2017). Feminist Identity Theory: Downing and Roush’s Model of Positive Feminist Identity Development. NY: Stony Brook University. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22569.24169

Field, J. E., Crothers, L. M., & Kolbert, J. B. (2007). Adolescent Female Gender Identity and Attraction to Male Bullies and Victims. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v07n01_01

Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. NY: Random House, Inc.

Freedman, J. (2004). Feminismo ¿unidad o conflixto? Madrid: Narcea, Colección Mujeres.

García-Leiva, P. (2005). Identidad de género: Modelos explicativos. Escritos de psicología, 7, 71-81.

Gutierrez, F., & Carranza, F. (2017). Organizing women for combat: The experience of the FARC in the Colombian war. Journal Agrarian Change, 17, 770-778. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12238

Hogg, M. A. (2001). A social identity theory of leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(3), 184-200. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0503_1

Jiménez, C. (2009). Between rationality and intuition: A social psychology approach to ex-combatant children in Colombia. IDS Bulletin, 40(3), 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2009.00039.x

Kaplan, A., & Garner, J. K. (2017). A complex dynamic systems perspective on identity and its development: The dynamic systems model of role identity. Developmental Psychology, 53(11), 2036-2051. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000339

Karelaia, N., & Guillén, L. (2014). Me, a woman and a leader: Positive social identity and identity conflict. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 125(2) 204-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.08.002

Larrain, J. (2003). El concepto de identidad. Comunicação & Cultura, 21, 30-42. https://doi.org/ 10.15448/1980-3729.2003.21.3211

Legrand, M. (1992). L’Approche biographique: Théorie, méthode, pratiques. Análise Psicológica, 4(X), 499-514.

Lugo, V. (2018). Niños y jóvenes excombatientes en Colombia: ¿por qué se vinculan y separan de la guerra? Athenea Digital. Revista de Pensamiento e Investigación Social, 18(2), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/athenea.1933

MacMullin, C., & Loughry, M. (2004). Investigating psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers in Sierra Leone and Uganda. Journal of Refugee Studies, 17(4), 460-472. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/17.4.460

Molina, G. P. (2011). La atención estatal a menores de edad desvinculados del conflicto armado: el Hogar José. Bogotá, D.C.: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

Montoya, V. P. (2014). Former girl soldiers in Colombia: Young voices that need to be heard [Master's thesis, Dalhousie University]. Semantic Scholar. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4bff/6185dc960be30f19641ff434e488864fb683.pdf

Moreno, F., Carmona, J. A., & Tobón, H. (2010). ¿Por qué se vinculan las niñas a los grupos guerrilleros y paramilitares en Colombia? Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 42(3), 453-467. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rlps/v42n3/v42n3a09.pdf

Niño, N. (2016). Niños, niñas, jóvenes y grupos armados ilegales: Experiencias de exclusión e inclusión social en América Latina. Publicación del Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani, 18, 177-206. https://publicaciones.sociales.uba.ar/index.php/argumentos/article/download/2029/1724

Orth, M. (2018). She Was Colombia’s Most-Feared Female Revolutionary. Can She Help It Find Peace? Vanity Fair. https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/08/colombia-civil-war-farc-female-revolutionary

Puentes, J. M. (2012). La incidencia del programa de atención especializada a niños, niñas y adolescentes desvinculados de grupos armados irregulares del ICBF en el proceso de reintegración social en Colombia. [Unpublished master's thesis]. FLACSO.

Robjant, K., Koebach, A., Schmitt, S., Chibashimba, A., Carleial, S., & Elbert, T. (2019). The treatment of posttraumatic stress symptoms and aggression in female T former child soldiers using Adapted Narrative Exposure Therapy - a RCT in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Behaviour Research and Therapy 123, 103482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.103482

Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., Luke, M. A., & O’Mara, E. M. (2011). Individual self, relational self, collective self- hierarchical ordering of the tripartite self. Psychological Studies, 56(1), 98-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-011-0059-0

Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., Luke, M. A., O’Mara, E. M., & Gebauer, J. E. (2013). A three-tier hierarchy of self-potency: individual self, relational self, collective self. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 235-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407188-9.00005-3

Shah, S. B. (2018). Woman question, identity and the emergence of feminism. IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 12(2), 17-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v12.n2.p1

Smet, S. (2009). A window of opportunity: improving gender relations in post-conflict societies: The Sierra Leonean experience. Journal of Gender Studies, 18(2), 147-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589230902812455

Stets, J. E. (2006). Identity theory. In P. Burke (Ed.), Contemporary social psychological theories (pp. 88-110). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2000). The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284-297. https://doi.org/10.2307/2695840

Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroups relations. London: Academic Press.

Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In G. Austin & S. W. Worchel (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson Hall Publisher,

Thomas, J. L., & Wood, R. M. (2018). The social origins of female combatants. Conflict Management and Peace Science. 35(3), 215-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894217695524

Turner, J. H. (2013). Contemporary sociological theory. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203505984-16

Vignoles, V. L. (2011). Identity Motives. In S. J. Schwartz, K Luyckx & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of Identity Theory and Research (Vol. 1, pp. 403-432). NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9

Wessells, M. G. (2016). Reintegration of child soldiers: The role of social identity in the recruitment and reintegration of child soldiers. In S. McKeown, R. Haji & N. Ferguson (Eds.), Understanding peace and conflict through social identity theory (pp. 105-120). Peace Psychology Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29869-6_7

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2020 Eduardo Aguirre-Dávila