Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), in Mexican samples. The participants comprised university students, patients diagnosed with social anxiety and patients with generalized anxiety disorder. The SPIN demonstrated high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and adequate convergent and discriminate validity. Different models of the internal structure were tested, result showed better adjustment for the three correlated factor model. Analysis of ROC curves indicated that the SPIN is able to discriminate between social anxiety and generalized anxiety disorders; a cutoff of 25 represented the best balance between sensitivity and specificity. It is possible to conclude that the Spanish version of the SPIN demonstrated solid psychometric properties, and thus it could potentially be used as a screening tool for detecting social anxiety disorder in the Mexican population.
Abad, F., Olea, J., Ponsoda, V., & García, C., (2011). Medición en ciencias sociales y de la salud. Madrid: Editorial Síntesis.
Acarturk, C., Graaf, R., Straten, A., Have, M. t., & Cuijpers, P. (2008). Social phobia and number of social fears, and their association with comorbidity, health-related quality of life and help seeking. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(4), 273-279.
Aderka, I. M., Hofmann, S. G., Nickerson, A., Hermesh, H., Gilboa-Schechtman, E., & Marom, S. (2012). Functional impairment in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(3), 393-400.
Allgulander, C., Mangano, R., Zhang, J., Dahl, A. A., Lepola, U., Sjodin, I., & Emilien, G. (2004). Efficacy of venlafaxine ER in patients with social anxiety disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison with paroxetine. Human Psychopharmacology, 19(6), 387-396.
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Antony, M. M., Coons, M. J., McCabe, R. E., Ashbaugh, A., & Swinson, R. P. (2006). Psychometric properties of the social phobia inventory: Further evaluation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1177-1185.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
Bernaldo-de-Quirós, M., Estupiñá, F. J., Labrador, F. J., Fernández-Arias, I., Gómez, L., Blanco, C., & Alonso, P. (2012). Diferencias sociodemográficas, clínicas y de resultados del tratamiento entre los trastornos de ansiedad. Psicothema, 24(3), 396-401.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. Nueva York: Wiley.
Bravo, M. A., González Betanzos, F., Castillo Navarro, A. & Padrós Blázquez, F. (2015). Escala de miedo a la evaluación negativa versión breve (BFNE): propiedades psicométricas en muestras clínicas y de universitarios en México. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 18(1), 69-77.
Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Nueva York: Guilford.
Caraveo, J., & Colmenares, E. (2000). Prevalencia de los trastornos de ansiedad fóbica en la población adulta de la ciudad de México. Salud Mental, 23(5), 10-19.
Chartier, M. J., Walker, J. R., & Stein, M. B. (2003). Considering comorbidity in social phobia. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38(12), 728-734.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2.ª ed.). Hillsdale, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associated.
Connor, K. M., Davidson, J. R. T., Churchill, L. E., Sherwood, A., Foa, E., & Weisler, R. H. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 379-386.
Davidson, J. R. T., Potts, N. L. S., Richichi, E. A., Krishnan, R., Ford, S. M., Smith, R. D., & Wilson, W. (1991). The Brief Social Phobia Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 52, 48-51.
Eysenck, S. B. G., & Lara-Cantú, M. A. (1989). Un estudio transcultural de la personalidad en adultos mexicanos e ingleses. Salud Mental, 12(3), 14-20.
Furmark, T. (2002). Social phobia: Overview of community surveys. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 105(2), 84-93.
Furmark, T., Tillfors, M., Stattin, H., Ekselius, L., & Fredrikson, M. (2000). Social phobia subtypes in the general population revealed by cluster analysis. Psychological Medicine, 30(6), 1335-1344.
García-López, L. J., Bermejo, R. M., & Dolores-Hidalgo, M. (2010). The Social Phobia Inventory: Screening and cross-cultural validation in Spanish adolescents. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(2), 970-980.
García-Portilla, M. P., Bascarán, M. T., Sáiz, P. A., Parellada, M., Bousoño, M., & Bobes, J. (2008). Banco de instrumentos básicos para la práctica de la psiquiatría clínica. España: Ars Medica.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equations Modeling, 6, 1-55.
Jurado, S., Villegas, M. E., Méndez, L., Rodríguez, F., Loperena, V., & Varela, R. (1998). La estandarización del Inventario de Depresión de Beck para los residentes de la ciudad de México. Salud Mental, 21(3), 26-31.
Klesges, L. M., Baranowski, T., Beech, B., Cullen, K., Murray, D. M., Rochon, J., & Pratt, C. (2004). Social desirability bias in self-reported dietary, physical activity and weight concerns measures in 8- to 10-year-old African-American girls: Results from the Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS). Preventive Medicine, 38, 78-87.
Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Nueva York: Guilford.
Labrador, F. J., & Ballesteros, F. (2011). Efectividad de los tratamientos para la fobia social en el ámbito aplicado. Psicothema, 23(4), 560-565.
Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371-375.
Marlow D., & Crowne D. P. (1961). Social desirability and response to perceived situationals demands. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 25(2), 109-115.
Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fears and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455-470.
Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., Lara, C., Benjet, C., Blanco, J., Fleiz, C., … & Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. (2003). Prevalencia de trastornos mentales y uso de servicios: resultados de la encuesta nacional de epidemiología psiquiátrica en México. Salud Mental, 26(4), 1-16.
Moral, J. (2007). Control de la deseabilidad social ante la evaluación del ajuste diádico y la satisfacción marital. Psicología y Ciencia Social, 9(2), 5-12.
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2006). Mplus user’s guide (Version 4). Los Ángeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
Ohayon, M. M., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2010). Social phobia and depression: Prevalence and comorbidity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 68(3), 235-243.
Osório F. L., Crippa, J. A., & Loureiro, S. R. (2009). Cross-cultural validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): Study of the ítems and internal consistency. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 31(1), 25-29.
Radomsky, A. S., Ashbaugh, A. R., Saxe, M. L., Ouimet, A. J., Golden, E. R., Lavoie, S. L., & O’Connor, K. P. (2006). Psychometric properties of the French and English versions of the Social Phobia Inventory. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 38(4), 354-360.
Ranta, K., Kaltiala-Heino, R., Koivisto, A. M., Tuomisto, M. T., Pelkonen, M., & Marttunen, M. (2007). Age and gender differences in social anxiety symptoms during adolescent: The social phobia inventory (SPIN) as a measure. Psychiatry Research, 153, 261-270.
Rickels, K., Mangano, R., & Khan, A. (2004). A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a flexible dose of venlafaxine ER in adult outpatients with generalized social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 24(5), 488-496.
Robles, R., Varela, R., Jurado, S., & Páez (2001). Versión mexicana del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck: propiedades psicométricas. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 18(2), 211-218.
Simon, N. M., Otto, M. W., Korbly, N. B., Peters, P. M., Nicolaou, D. C., & Pollack, M. H. (2002). Quality of life in social anxiety disorder compared with panic disorder and the general population. Psychiatric Services, 53(6), 714-718.
Somers, J. M., Goldner, E. M., Waraich, P., & Hsu, L. (2006). Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(2), 100-113.
Sosic, Z., Gieler, U., & Stangier, U. (2008). Screening for social phobia in medical in- and outpatients with the German version of the social phobia inventory (SPIN). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 849-859.
Stein, M. B., & Deutsch, R. (2003). In search of social phobia subtypes: Similarity of feared social situations. Depression and Anxiety, 17(2), 94-97.
Stein, D. J., Versiani, M., Hair, T., & Kumar, R. (2002). Efficacy of paroxetine for relapse prevention in social anxiety disorder: A 24-week study. Archives of General Psyquiatry, 59, 1111-1118.
Torgrud, L. J., Walker, J. R., Murray, L., Cox, B. J., Chartier, M., & Kjernisted, K. D. (2004). Deficits in perceived social support associated with generalized social phobia. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 33(2), 87-96.
Vilete, L. M., Coutinho, E. S., & Figueira, I. L. (2004). Confiabilidade da versão em Português do Inventário de Fobia Social (SPIN) entre adolescentes estudantes do Municipio do Rio de Janeiro. Cad. Saúde Pública, 20(1), 89-99.
Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 448-457.
Wong, N., Sarver, D. E., & Beidel, D. C. (2012). Quality of life impairments among adults with social phobia: The impact of subtype. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 50-57.
Youden, W. J. (1950). Index for rating diagnostic test. Cancer, 3, 32-35.
This journal is registered under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. Thus, this work may be reproduced, distributed, and publicly shared in digital format, as long as the names of the authors and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana are acknowledged. Others are allowed to quote, adapt, transform, auto-archive, republish, and create based on this material, for any purpose (even commercial ones), provided the authorship is duly acknowledged, a link to the original work is provided, and it is specified if changes have been made. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana does not hold the rights of published works and the authors are solely responsible for the contents of their works; they keep the moral, intellectual, privacy, and publicity rights. Approving the intervention of the work (review, copy-editing, translation, layout) and the following outreach, are granted through an use license and not through an assignment of rights. This means the journal and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana cannot be held responsible for any ethical malpractice by the authors. As a consequence of the protection granted by the use license, the journal is not required to publish recantations or modify information already published, unless the errata stems from the editorial management process. Publishing contents in this journal does not generate royalties for contributors.