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Renealmia is tropical genera belong to the Zingiberaceae family, worldwide famous by its therapeutic applications such as analgesic for bone and muscle pain, to treat colds, and to counteract the symptoms of snake bites. Framed in the insufficiency of research on essential oils of this family, also in the great biomedical importance of their metabolites, and that extraction is one of the key steps in the nature and production of EOs, this work focused on optimizing the extraction process of EOs from the Aerial Parts (AP) and Rhizomes (Ri) of Renealmia ligulata, using response surface analysis over microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) as pretreatment. The results showed that the best power to work was 765 W for 30 g of vegetal matrix and 225.9 mL of solvent in aerial parts, and 799 W for 20 g and 145 mL of solvent in rhizomes; providing an average of 42.5 min of extraction. As composition, the main molecule in the extraction processes was Eudesmol, with 28% in aerial parts and 13% in rhizomes, an interesting molecule considered neuroprotective as main biomedical property.
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