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Abstract
El presente trabajo presenta una revisión bibliográfica que enumera los problemas más comunes
encontrados en los servicios de urgencias y las metodologías de investigación de operaciones
más aplicadas para su estudio y solución. Se muestran las ventajas y desventajas de los métodos
y los resultados obtenidos. Se encontró que los principales problemas abordados por los
investigadores son: la ineficiencia en el flujo de pacientes, evaluar la capacidad del servicio
vs. la demanda, y los largos tiempos de espera de los pacientes para ser atendidos. Se utiliza,
principalmente, la simulación de eventos discretos y la programación matemática. Ninguna
de las referencias evaluadas plantea un cambio de esquema al sistema actual ni explora la
reducción de la demanda.
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