Teenagers at Risk: Factors Associated to Suicide Attempts in Mexico
Published
Aug 15, 2018
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Marisol Luna Contreras
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-3449
Claudio Alberto Dávila Cervantes
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-3606
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-3449
Claudio Alberto Dávila Cervantes
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-3606
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Abstract
In Mexico, suicides have increased for more than forty years ago. is article aims to analyze the factors associated to the suicide attempts by Mexican teenagers in three different time points: at twelve month before the survey; any time between the survey and the 12-month point; and any time in the teenager’s life. Binomial logistic regression models were adjusted in order to explore the suicide attempt types under a multiple correspondence analysis. Women showed a higher suicide attempt prevalence, but it was lower among the younger ones. Having been assaulted or being in educational backwardness led to an increase in the suicidal intent; it was also an increase thereof among tobacco- or alcohol-consuming teenagers. Suicide prevention should be focused on the attempts, which is the main risk factor and prevention efforts should target the youngest women, those teenagers in educational backwardness who, either smoke or consume alcohol, or who underwent a violence event recently.
Keywords
suicide, Mexico, suicide attempt, teenager, prevalence, public healthsuicidio, México, intento de suicidio, adolescente, prevalencia, salud públicasuicídio, México, tentativa de suicídio, adolescente, prevalência, saúde pública
References
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2. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Informe mundial sobre la violencia y la salud. Ginebra: OMS; 2002.
3. Hernández-Bringas HH, Flores-Arenales R. El suicidio en México. Papeles Poblac. 2011; 17(68):69-101.
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5. Borges G, Orozco R, Benjet C, Medina-Mora ME. Suicidio y conductas suicidas en México: retrospectiva y situación actual. SaludPublica Mex. 2010; 52(4):292-304.
6. Bridge JA, Goldstein TR, Brent DA. Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006; 47(3-4):372-94.
7. Braush AM, Muehlenkamp JJ. Body image and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Body Image. 2007; 4(2):207-12.
8. Aneshensel CS, Huba GJ. An integrative causal model of the antecedents and consequences of depression over one year. Research in Community & Mental Health.1984; 4:35-72.
9. Beck AT. Depression causes and treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1972.
10. Spicer RS, Miller TR. Suicide acts in 8 states: incidence and case fatality rates by demographics and method. Am J Public Health. 2000; 90(12):1885-91.
11. Neeleman J, de Graaf R, Vollebergh W. e suicidal process; prospective comparison between earlyand later stages. J AffectDisord. 2004; 82(1):43-52.
12. Villalobos-Hernández AL, Guerrero-López CM, Hernández-Serrato MI, Palma-Coca O, Rojas-Martínez R, Olaiz-Fernández G. Intento de suicidio en adolescentes mexicanos según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición, 2006 [internet]. 9th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion; 15 marzo -18 marzo 2008; Mérida, México [acceso: 24 de abril de 2017]. Disponible en: http://www.conac.actuarios.org.mx/Documentos/Publicaciones/ActuariosTrabajando/AT-2008Num02.pdf#page=8
13. González-Forteza C, Berenzon-Gorn S, Tello-Granados AM, Facio-Flores D, Medina-Mora Icaza ME. Ideación suicida y características asociadas en mujeres adolescentes. Salud Publica Mex. 1998; 40(5):430-7.
14. Salvo L, Melipillán R. Predictores de suicidalidad en adolescentes. Ver Chil Neuro-psiquiat. 2008; 46(2):115-23.
15. Borges G, Benjet C, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME. The growth of suicide ideation, plan and attempt among young adults in the Mexico City metropolitan area. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. 2016; (1):1-9.
16. Aseltine R, Demartino R. An outcome evaluation of the suicide prevention program. Am J Public Health. 2004; 94: 446-51.
17. Mann J, Apter A, Bertolete J, Beautrais A, Currier D, Haas A, et al. Suicide prevention strategies a systematic review. JAMA. 2005; 294(816):2064-74.
18. Romero-Martínez M, Shamah-Levy T, Franco-Núñez A, Villalpando S, Cuevas-Nasu L, Gutiérrez JP, Rivera-Dommarco JA. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012: diseño y cobertura. Salud PublicaMex. 2013;
55(supl 2):S332-S340.
19. Greenacre M. Correspondence analysis in practice. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall /CRC Interdisciplinary statistics series; 2007.
20. Pérez-Amezcua B, Rivera-Rivera L, Atienzo EE, De Castro F, Leyva-López A, Chávez-Ayala R. Prevalencia y factores asociados a la ideación e intento suicida en adolescentes de educación media superior de la República
Mexicana. Salud Publica Mex. 2010; 52(4):324-33.
21. Vargas HB, Saavedra JE. Factores asociados con la conducta suicida en adolescentes. Rev Neuropsiquiatr. 2012; 75(1):19-28.
22. Borges G, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME. Índice de riesgo para el intento suicida en México. Salud Pública Mex. 2012; 54: 595-606.
23. Durkheim E. El suicidio, estudio de sociología. Madrid: Akal; 2003.
24. Borges G, Benjet C, Medina-Mora ME, Orozco R, Nock MK. Suicide ideation, plan and attempt in the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2008;47(1):41-52.
25. Weissman MM, Bland R, Canino GJ, Greenwalk S, Hwu HG, Joyce PR, et al. Prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts in nine countries. Psychol Med. 1999; 29(1):9-17.
26. Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Alonso J, Angermeyer M, Beautrais A, et al. Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. Br J Psychiatry. 2008; 192(2):98-105.
27. Borges G, Medina-Mora ME, Orozco R, Oueda C, Villatoro J, Fleiz C. Distribution and socio-demographic determinants of the suicidal behavior in Mexico. Salud Ment. 2009; 32:413-25.
28. Waldvogel JL, Rueter M, Oberg CN. Adolescent suicide: risk factors and prevention strategies. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care. 2008; 38(4):110-25.
29. Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, Friend J, Powell A. Adoles-cent suicide, gender, and culture: a rate and risk factor analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2009; 14(5):402-14.
30. Cañón-Buitrago SC. Factores de riesgo asociados a conductas suicidas en niños y adolescentes. Archivos de Medicina. 2011; 11(1):62-67.
31. Orozco R, Borges G, Benjet C, Medina-Mora ME, López-Carrillo L. Traumatic life events and posttraumatic stress disorder among Mexican adolescents: results from a survey. Salud Publica Mex. 2008; 50(Suppl 1):S29-37.
32. Delfabbro PH, Winefield HR, Winefield AH. Life-time and current suicide-ideation in Australian secondary school students: socio-demographic, health and psychological predictors. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;
151(2):514-24.
33. Park S. Gender-specific factors of suicide ideation amongadolescents in the republic of Korea: a nationally representativepopulation-based study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2013; 27(5):253-9.
34. Steele MM, Doey T. Suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents part I: etiology and risk factors. Can J Psychiatry. 2007; 52(S1):21-33S.
35. Borges G, Benjet C, Medina-Mora ME, Orozco R, Molnar RE, Nock MK. Traumatic events and suicide- related outcomes among Mexico City adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2008; 49(6):654-66.
36. Kaplow JB, Dodge KA, Amaya-Jackson L, Saxe GN. Pathways to PTSD, part II: Sexually abused children. Am J Psychiatry. 2005; 162(7):1305-10.
37. Borges G, Angst J, Nock MK, Ruscio AM, Walters EE, Kessler RC. A risk index for 12-month suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Psychological Medicine. 2006; 36:1747-57.
38. Kessler RC, Borges G, Walters EE. Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999; 56(7):617-26.
39. Nock MK, Kessler RC. Prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts versus suicide gestures: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2006; 115(3):616-23.
40. Beautrais AL, Joyce PR, Mulder RT. Youth suicide attempts: a social and demographic profile. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1998; 32:349-57.
41. Borges G, Nock MK, Medina-Mora ME, Benjet C, Lara C, Chiu WT, et al. e epidemiology of suicide-related outcomes in Mexico. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 2007; 37(6):627-40.
42. Hallfors D, Waller MW, Ford CA, Halpern CT, Brodish PH, Iritani B. Adolescent depression and suicide risk: Association with sex and drug behavior. Am J Prev Med. 2004; 27(3):224-31.
43. Wang J, Deng X-J, Wang J-J, Wang X-W, Xu L. Substance use, sexual behaviours, and suicidal ideation and attempts among adolescents: findings from the 2004 Guangzhou Youth Risk Behaviour Survey. Public Health. 2009; 123(2):116-21.
44. Miller M, Borges G, Orozco R, Mukamal K, Rimm EB, Benjet C, et al. Exposure to alcohol, drugs and tobacco and the risk of subsequent suicidality: Findings from the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Drug and
Alcohol Dependence. 2011; 113(2-3):110-7.45. Souza LD, Ores L, Oliveira GT, Sica AL, Azevedo R, Tavares R, et al. Ideação suicida na adolescência: prevalência e fatores associados. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria. 2010; 59(4):286-92.
46. Mann JJ, Apter A, Bertolote J, Beautrais A, Currier D, Haas A, et al. Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review. JAMA. 2005; 294(16):2064-74.
47. Neeleman J, de Graaf R, Vollebergh W. The suicidal process; prospective comparison between early and later stages. J Affect Disord. 2004; 82(1):43-52.
48. Asarnow JR, Baraff LJ, Berk M, Grob C, Devich-Navarro M, Suddath R, et al. Effects of an emergency department mental health intervention for linking pediatric suicidal patients to follow-up mental health treatment: A
randomized controlled trial. Psychiatric Services. 2011; 62(11):1303-9.
49. Mullen D, Hendren R. El niño o adolescente suicida. En: Parmelee D, David R editores. Psiquiatría del niño y el adolescente. Madrid: HarcourtBrace; 1998. p. 229-40.
50. Borges G, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME. Índice de riesgo para el intento suicida en México. Salud Pública Mex. 2012; 54(6):595-606.
51. Palacio C, García J, Diago J, Zapata C, Lopez G, Ortiz J, et al. Identication of Suicide Risk Factors in Medellín, Colombia: A Case-Control Study of Psychological Autopsy in a Developing Country. Archives of Suicide
Research. 2007; 11(3):297-308.
52. Dos Santos Silva RJ, Lima FA, Moura NM, Pardono E. Suicidal ideation and associated factors among adolescents in Northeastern Brazil. The Scientific World Journal. 2014; 2014:1-8.
2. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Informe mundial sobre la violencia y la salud. Ginebra: OMS; 2002.
3. Hernández-Bringas HH, Flores-Arenales R. El suicidio en México. Papeles Poblac. 2011; 17(68):69-101.
4. Borges G, Rosovsky H, Gómez C, Gutiérrez R. Epidemiología del suicidio en México de 1970 a 1994. Salud PublicaMex. 1996; 38(3):197-206.
5. Borges G, Orozco R, Benjet C, Medina-Mora ME. Suicidio y conductas suicidas en México: retrospectiva y situación actual. SaludPublica Mex. 2010; 52(4):292-304.
6. Bridge JA, Goldstein TR, Brent DA. Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006; 47(3-4):372-94.
7. Braush AM, Muehlenkamp JJ. Body image and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Body Image. 2007; 4(2):207-12.
8. Aneshensel CS, Huba GJ. An integrative causal model of the antecedents and consequences of depression over one year. Research in Community & Mental Health.1984; 4:35-72.
9. Beck AT. Depression causes and treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1972.
10. Spicer RS, Miller TR. Suicide acts in 8 states: incidence and case fatality rates by demographics and method. Am J Public Health. 2000; 90(12):1885-91.
11. Neeleman J, de Graaf R, Vollebergh W. e suicidal process; prospective comparison between earlyand later stages. J AffectDisord. 2004; 82(1):43-52.
12. Villalobos-Hernández AL, Guerrero-López CM, Hernández-Serrato MI, Palma-Coca O, Rojas-Martínez R, Olaiz-Fernández G. Intento de suicidio en adolescentes mexicanos según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición, 2006 [internet]. 9th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion; 15 marzo -18 marzo 2008; Mérida, México [acceso: 24 de abril de 2017]. Disponible en: http://www.conac.actuarios.org.mx/Documentos/Publicaciones/ActuariosTrabajando/AT-2008Num02.pdf#page=8
13. González-Forteza C, Berenzon-Gorn S, Tello-Granados AM, Facio-Flores D, Medina-Mora Icaza ME. Ideación suicida y características asociadas en mujeres adolescentes. Salud Publica Mex. 1998; 40(5):430-7.
14. Salvo L, Melipillán R. Predictores de suicidalidad en adolescentes. Ver Chil Neuro-psiquiat. 2008; 46(2):115-23.
15. Borges G, Benjet C, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME. The growth of suicide ideation, plan and attempt among young adults in the Mexico City metropolitan area. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. 2016; (1):1-9.
16. Aseltine R, Demartino R. An outcome evaluation of the suicide prevention program. Am J Public Health. 2004; 94: 446-51.
17. Mann J, Apter A, Bertolete J, Beautrais A, Currier D, Haas A, et al. Suicide prevention strategies a systematic review. JAMA. 2005; 294(816):2064-74.
18. Romero-Martínez M, Shamah-Levy T, Franco-Núñez A, Villalpando S, Cuevas-Nasu L, Gutiérrez JP, Rivera-Dommarco JA. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012: diseño y cobertura. Salud PublicaMex. 2013;
55(supl 2):S332-S340.
19. Greenacre M. Correspondence analysis in practice. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall /CRC Interdisciplinary statistics series; 2007.
20. Pérez-Amezcua B, Rivera-Rivera L, Atienzo EE, De Castro F, Leyva-López A, Chávez-Ayala R. Prevalencia y factores asociados a la ideación e intento suicida en adolescentes de educación media superior de la República
Mexicana. Salud Publica Mex. 2010; 52(4):324-33.
21. Vargas HB, Saavedra JE. Factores asociados con la conducta suicida en adolescentes. Rev Neuropsiquiatr. 2012; 75(1):19-28.
22. Borges G, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME. Índice de riesgo para el intento suicida en México. Salud Pública Mex. 2012; 54: 595-606.
23. Durkheim E. El suicidio, estudio de sociología. Madrid: Akal; 2003.
24. Borges G, Benjet C, Medina-Mora ME, Orozco R, Nock MK. Suicide ideation, plan and attempt in the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2008;47(1):41-52.
25. Weissman MM, Bland R, Canino GJ, Greenwalk S, Hwu HG, Joyce PR, et al. Prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts in nine countries. Psychol Med. 1999; 29(1):9-17.
26. Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Alonso J, Angermeyer M, Beautrais A, et al. Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. Br J Psychiatry. 2008; 192(2):98-105.
27. Borges G, Medina-Mora ME, Orozco R, Oueda C, Villatoro J, Fleiz C. Distribution and socio-demographic determinants of the suicidal behavior in Mexico. Salud Ment. 2009; 32:413-25.
28. Waldvogel JL, Rueter M, Oberg CN. Adolescent suicide: risk factors and prevention strategies. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care. 2008; 38(4):110-25.
29. Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, Friend J, Powell A. Adoles-cent suicide, gender, and culture: a rate and risk factor analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2009; 14(5):402-14.
30. Cañón-Buitrago SC. Factores de riesgo asociados a conductas suicidas en niños y adolescentes. Archivos de Medicina. 2011; 11(1):62-67.
31. Orozco R, Borges G, Benjet C, Medina-Mora ME, López-Carrillo L. Traumatic life events and posttraumatic stress disorder among Mexican adolescents: results from a survey. Salud Publica Mex. 2008; 50(Suppl 1):S29-37.
32. Delfabbro PH, Winefield HR, Winefield AH. Life-time and current suicide-ideation in Australian secondary school students: socio-demographic, health and psychological predictors. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;
151(2):514-24.
33. Park S. Gender-specific factors of suicide ideation amongadolescents in the republic of Korea: a nationally representativepopulation-based study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2013; 27(5):253-9.
34. Steele MM, Doey T. Suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents part I: etiology and risk factors. Can J Psychiatry. 2007; 52(S1):21-33S.
35. Borges G, Benjet C, Medina-Mora ME, Orozco R, Molnar RE, Nock MK. Traumatic events and suicide- related outcomes among Mexico City adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2008; 49(6):654-66.
36. Kaplow JB, Dodge KA, Amaya-Jackson L, Saxe GN. Pathways to PTSD, part II: Sexually abused children. Am J Psychiatry. 2005; 162(7):1305-10.
37. Borges G, Angst J, Nock MK, Ruscio AM, Walters EE, Kessler RC. A risk index for 12-month suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Psychological Medicine. 2006; 36:1747-57.
38. Kessler RC, Borges G, Walters EE. Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999; 56(7):617-26.
39. Nock MK, Kessler RC. Prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts versus suicide gestures: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2006; 115(3):616-23.
40. Beautrais AL, Joyce PR, Mulder RT. Youth suicide attempts: a social and demographic profile. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1998; 32:349-57.
41. Borges G, Nock MK, Medina-Mora ME, Benjet C, Lara C, Chiu WT, et al. e epidemiology of suicide-related outcomes in Mexico. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 2007; 37(6):627-40.
42. Hallfors D, Waller MW, Ford CA, Halpern CT, Brodish PH, Iritani B. Adolescent depression and suicide risk: Association with sex and drug behavior. Am J Prev Med. 2004; 27(3):224-31.
43. Wang J, Deng X-J, Wang J-J, Wang X-W, Xu L. Substance use, sexual behaviours, and suicidal ideation and attempts among adolescents: findings from the 2004 Guangzhou Youth Risk Behaviour Survey. Public Health. 2009; 123(2):116-21.
44. Miller M, Borges G, Orozco R, Mukamal K, Rimm EB, Benjet C, et al. Exposure to alcohol, drugs and tobacco and the risk of subsequent suicidality: Findings from the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Drug and
Alcohol Dependence. 2011; 113(2-3):110-7.45. Souza LD, Ores L, Oliveira GT, Sica AL, Azevedo R, Tavares R, et al. Ideação suicida na adolescência: prevalência e fatores associados. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria. 2010; 59(4):286-92.
46. Mann JJ, Apter A, Bertolote J, Beautrais A, Currier D, Haas A, et al. Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review. JAMA. 2005; 294(16):2064-74.
47. Neeleman J, de Graaf R, Vollebergh W. The suicidal process; prospective comparison between early and later stages. J Affect Disord. 2004; 82(1):43-52.
48. Asarnow JR, Baraff LJ, Berk M, Grob C, Devich-Navarro M, Suddath R, et al. Effects of an emergency department mental health intervention for linking pediatric suicidal patients to follow-up mental health treatment: A
randomized controlled trial. Psychiatric Services. 2011; 62(11):1303-9.
49. Mullen D, Hendren R. El niño o adolescente suicida. En: Parmelee D, David R editores. Psiquiatría del niño y el adolescente. Madrid: HarcourtBrace; 1998. p. 229-40.
50. Borges G, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME. Índice de riesgo para el intento suicida en México. Salud Pública Mex. 2012; 54(6):595-606.
51. Palacio C, García J, Diago J, Zapata C, Lopez G, Ortiz J, et al. Identication of Suicide Risk Factors in Medellín, Colombia: A Case-Control Study of Psychological Autopsy in a Developing Country. Archives of Suicide
Research. 2007; 11(3):297-308.
52. Dos Santos Silva RJ, Lima FA, Moura NM, Pardono E. Suicidal ideation and associated factors among adolescents in Northeastern Brazil. The Scientific World Journal. 2014; 2014:1-8.
How to Cite
Contreras, M. L., & Dávila Cervantes, C. A. (2018). Teenagers at Risk: Factors Associated to Suicide Attempts in Mexico. Gerencia Y Políticas De Salud, 17(34). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.rgsp17-34.arfa
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