Discussions on social media about digital contact tracing for COVID-19: Challenges for public health from Colombia
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Dec 30, 2021
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Abstract
Introduction. Pandemics are not a new phenomenon for humanity. COVID-19 pandemic brings unprecedented concerns that merit a careful reading, especially regarding digital contact tracing. Methods. A digital ethnography was carried out between March to September of 2020 to characterize the mobile applications created in Colombia for COVID-19 digital contact tracing. Emphasis was put on CoronApp, supported by the national government, leading to an analysis of citizens’ discussions about these interventions on social networks. Results. Sixteen technologies for COVID-19 were identified, among mobile tracing applications and internet applications for labor, social, and mobility monitoring. The CoronApp application had more than 10 million downloads and it was the most used in the country. Users concerns were frequent, especially apropos the lack of guarantees of confidentiality in the handling of data, invasion of privacy, risk of commercialization, the power of state, the role of digital citizens’ rights, as well as the lack of clarity on the epidemiological policy behind the apps. Discussion. The COVID-19 pandemic is the first global event to be fought digitally. That means a world of possibilities for public health but social and civic challenges about the governance of health and life, as well.
Keywords
COVID-19, vigilancia en salud pública, vigilancia epidemiológica, sistema de vigilancia sanitariaCOVID-19, public health monitoring, epidemiological monitoring, health monitoring systemCOVID-19, vigilância em saúde pública, vigilância epidemiológica, sistema de vigilância em saúde
References
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31. Nisar S, Zuhaib M, Ulasyar A, Tariq M. A Privacy Preserved and Cost Efficient Control Scheme for Coronavirus Outbreak Using Call Data Record and Contact Tracing. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. 2020;10(2):104-110. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2020.3038023
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2. Berman E, Fowler L, Roberts J. COVID-19 Surveillance. 2020,1-71. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3666300
3. García-Iglesias J, Martín-Pereira M, Fagundo-Rivera J, Gómez-Salgado J. Herramientas de vigilancia digital para el rastreo de contactos de personas contagiadas de SARS-COV-2. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2020;23(94):e202006067. http://rabida.uhu.es/dspace/handle/10272/18455
4. Rosen G. A history of public health New York: MD Publications, Inc.; 1958.
5. Semmelweis I. Etiología, concepto y profilaxis de la fiebre puerperal [1861] (extraídos). Medicina Social. 2008;3:21-29. https://www.medicinasocial.info/index.php/medicinasocial/article/view/188
6. Spooner J. History of Surgical Face Masks: The myths, the masks, and the men and women behind them. AORN J. 1967;5(1):76-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-2092(08)71359-0
7. Snowden F. Epidemics and Society: From the Black Death New Haven and London: Yale University Press; 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s12115-020-00517-z
8. Mooney G. "A Menace to the Public Health” — Contact Tracing. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;383:1806-1808. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2021887
9. Welch G. El rastreo de contactos de casos de COVID-19 será la investigación sanitaria más compleja de la historia; 2020. https://www.nationalgeographic.es/ciencia/2020/05/rastreo-de-contactos-casos-covid-19-investigacion-sanitaria-mas-compleja
10. Vallès X, Carnicer-Pont D, Casabona J. Estudios de contactos para infecciones de transmisión sexual. ¿Una actividad descuidada? Gaceta Sanitaria. 2011;25(3):224-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.12.003
11. Klausner J, Wolf W, Fischer-Ponce L, Zolt I, Katz M. Tracing a Syphilis Outbreak Through Cyberspace. JAMA. 2000;284(4):447-449. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.4.447
12. University of Cambridge; 2020. https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netos/projects/archive/fluphone2/
13. Anglemyer A, Moore T, Parker L, Chambers T, Grady A, Chiu K, et al. Digital contact tracing technologies in epidemics: A rapid review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020;8(CD013699):1-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013699
14. Eysenbach G. Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Framework for an Emerging Set of Public Health Informatics Methods to Analyze Search, Communication and Publication Behavior on the Internet. J Med Internet Res. 2009;11(1). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1157
15. Mavragani A. Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(4):e16206. https://doi.org/10.2196/16206
16. Agudelo-Londoño SM. Reflexión sobre la evaluación de impacto en eSalud. «No todo lo que brilla es oro». Trilogía Ciencia Tecnología Sociedad. 2020;12(22):103-126. https://doi.org/10.22430/21457778.1262
17. Owusu P. Digital technology applications for contact tracing: the new promise for COVID-19 and beyond? Global Health Research and Policy. 2020;5(36):1-3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00164-1
18. Ivers L, Weitzner D. Can digital contact tracing make up for lost time? The Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(8):e417-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30160-2
19. MIT Technology Review; 2020. https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/05/07/1000961/launching-mittr-covid-tracing-tracker/
20. López-Alberto C, Soto-Ramón C. Filosofía de lo imprevisible, reflexiones para la pandemia. México DF: Editores y Viceversa; 2020.
21. Roche S. Smile, you’re being traced! Some thoughts about the ethical issues of digital contact tracing applications. Journal of Location Based Services. 2020; 14(1):71-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2020.1811409
22. Ybañez S, Bonanno F. Medidas internas aplicadas por el gobierno chino ante la emergencia del COVID-19. In Busso A. Relaciones internacionales en tiempo de pandemia (pp. 92-97). Rosario: Edición para Centro de Investigaciones en Política y Economía Internacional (CIPEI); 2020.
23. Velásquez A. Fundación Karisma; 2020. https://web.karisma.org.co/aplicaciones-de-rastreo-digital-de-contactos-para-que-zapatos-si-no-hay-casa/
24. OCDE - Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos; 2020. https://www.oecd.org/gov/Colombia-Scan-Final-Spanish.pdf
25. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE; 2019. https://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2018/informacion-tecnica/cnpv-2018-presentacion-3ra-entrega.pdf
26. Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones; 2020. https://www.mintic.gov.co/portal/inicio/Sala-de-Prensa/Sabia-Ud-que/2713:Colombia-es-uno-de-los-paises-con-mas-usuarios-en-redes-sociales-en-la-region
27. Deloitte; 2020. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/co/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/Brochure_ConsumoMovil_CO_LATAM_2020.pdf
28. Neira-Marciales L. La República; 2020. https://www.larepublica.co/empresas/un-colombiano-pasa-nueve-horas-al-dia-en-internet-y-casi-cuatro-en-redes-sociales-2975617
29. Leal-Acosta A. La República; 2020. https://www.larepublica.co/empresas/en-abril-el-uso-de-internet-en-colombia-aumento-115-frente-a-marzo-de-este-ano-3010517
30. Kahn J (ed.) Digital Contact Tracing for Pandemic Response: Ethics and Governance Guidance Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2020.
31. Nisar S, Zuhaib M, Ulasyar A, Tariq M. A Privacy Preserved and Cost Efficient Control Scheme for Coronavirus Outbreak Using Call Data Record and Contact Tracing. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. 2020;10(2):104-110. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2020.3038023
32. Avaro D, Berchi M, Stropparo P. Entre barbijos: reflexiones acerca de la libertad en la pandemia. Argentina: Fundación Apolo; 2020.
33. Romero V. El Tiempo; 2020. https://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/mas-regiones/coronavirus-como-esta-colombia-con-respecto-al-resto-del-mundo-524350
34. Moreno M. El Tiempo; 2020. https://www.eltiempo.com/salud/colombia-supera-las-25-000-muertes-por-coronavirus-539988
35. Hine C. Ethnography for the Internet New York: Routledge; 2015.
36. @MinSaludCol. Twitter web app; 2020. https://twitter.com/minsaludcol/status/1240419680520724482?lang=es
37. INS Colombia. YouTube; 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqf2ldtPGTc
38. @GustavoBolivar. Twitter.; 2020. https://twitter.com/gustavobolivar/status/1273290621730664452?lang=es
39. @INSColombia. Twitter Web App.; 2020. https://twitter.com/INSColombia/status/1271197856863596549
40. Rosgaby-Medina K. Branch.; 2020. https://branch.com.co/marketing-digital/estadisticas-de-la-situacion-digital-de-colombia-en-el-2019-y-2020/
41. Ovadia S. Exploring the Potential of Twitter as a Research Tool. Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian. 2009; 28(4):202-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639260903280888
42. TIME. https://time.com/; 2020. https://time.com/5898559/covid-19-contact-tracing-apps-privacy/
43. Castellanos A, Labarthe S.; 2020. https://web.karisma.org.co/permisos-de-las-apps-de-covid-cuando-bajara-esta-curva/
44. Aguilera B. Asignación ética de recursos sanitarios escasos en el contexto de crisis por COVID-19. Medwave. 2020;20(5):e7935. https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2020.05.7935
45. Winner L. Do artifacts have politics? Daedalus. 1980; 109(1):121-136. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20024652
How to Cite
Agudelo-Londoño, S. M., & Núñez Avilés, C. A. (2021). Discussions on social media about digital contact tracing for COVID-19: Challenges for public health from Colombia. Gerencia Y Políticas De Salud, 20, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.rgps20.drsr
Section
Special COVID-19
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