Keywords
heart failure
nursing care
nursing theory
How to Cite
Abstract
Caring people with pain and heart failure, from Theory of Adapting to Chronic Health Conditions
Abstract
Introduction: about 85% of patients with heart failure report pain. This pathology can affect the quality of life of patients and their caregivers because it causes pain and limits the physical functionality of patients.
Objective: to develop a nursing care strategy, based on middle range theory of Callista Roy (Adaptation to chronic health conditions theory), to reduce pain in patients with heart failure.
Methodology: the theoretical-empirical conceptual structure of the medium-range theory Adaptation to chronic health conditions by Callista Roy was developed, from which the strategy was conceptually and theoretically supported. Subsequently, to specify the interventions of the care plan and in coherence with the theoretical approaches, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, searching the databases: Sciencedirect, Scopus, and Medline, with the terms "pain", "heart failure” and“ nursing interventions.”
Results: the evidence and the theoretical concepts show various interventions applicable in patients with heart failure. These interventions address the following domains: physiological, with symptom assessment, exercise, weight control, and painful sites; self-concept and role with reduction of anxiety, stress, depression, training to change thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors; and interdependence, with sharing experiences of self-care, spiritual support and health journals, among others.
Conclusion: Evidence and theoretical nursing knowledge provide multiple interventions that can be applied in patients with heart failure to reduce the experience of pain, mainly through care focused on comfort, cognitive stimulation and family, social and spiritual support.
Keywords: Pain. Heart failure. Nursing care. Nursing theory.
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