Palabras clave
Substrato orgánico
Humedal anaeróbico
Bacteria sulfato-raductora (BSR)
Drenaje acido de mina (DAM)
Cómo citar
Resumen
La minería del carbón representa uno de los principales ingresos económicos en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. No obstante, los drenajes ácidos de minas (DAM) generados tienen un gran impacto ambiental en la zona debido a la presencia de iones sulfato (SO4-2), metales pesados y bajo pH Este articulo estudia el comportamiento en el contenido de Fe y sulfatos en muestras de AMD cuando son tratadas dentro de un humedal de flujo vertical anaeróbico artificial, analizando la concentración de estos elementos, además del contenido de oxígeno disuelto (OD) y pH en diferentes intervalos de tiempo. Se realizó el tratamiento de una DAM provenientes del departamento de Boyacá utilizando un prototipo de biorreactor con adición de un sustrato orgánico con el fin de proporcionar las condiciones necesarias para el desarrollo de bacterias reductoras de sulfato. Se realizaron mediciones con tiempos de retención hidráulica entre 24 a 120 horas, monitoreando los cambios en el contenido de Fe total, SO4-2, pH y OD. Los datos obtenidos muestran una reducción para Fe total de 88,3%, establecida en 5,61 g∙m-2∙día-1, y para SO4-2 de 34,3% con 9,35g∙m-2∙día-1; alcanzando un grado de remoción máximo de 52,32% a los 120h para sulfatos y 92% para Fe, donde se consigue el pico máximo de remoción, lo que redujo la tasa de remoción de Fe para tiempos mayores. La reducción en la concentración de Fe se relaciona con la reducción de OD y una regulación del pH, además de favorecer la reducción de iones sulfato mediante la formación de las fases mineralógicas pirita y siderita. Estos datos muestran que las condiciones anóxicas del medio orgánico se mantienen, para lo cual se sugiere una etapa de aireación posterior
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Derechos de autor 2022 Cesar René Blanco-Zuñiga, Zully Ximena Chacón-Rojas, Juan Sebastian Villarraga-Castillo, Heidy Elizabeth Guevara-Suarez, Yesica Nataly Casteblanco-Castro, Nicolás Rojas Arias