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Los flujos de lodos y detritos son amenazas naturales de origen hidrometeorológico y geológico; las amenazas geológicas son aquellas originadas por procesos terrestres como terremotos, emisiones volcánicas y movimientos en masa; mientras que las amenazas hidrometeorológicas son de origen atmosférico e hidrológico y contribuyen de forma importante a la generación de amenazas geológicas; por lo que un flujo de lodos y detritos se origina por una combinación de eventos geológicos e hidrológicos. En algunos países este fenómeno genera muchas pérdidas económicas y humanas cada año y con los efectos del cambio climático estos podrían aumentarse. Evaluar la amenaza, su estudio y modelación es importante para una adecuada gestión del riesgo, por lo que el objetivo del estudio fue revisar detalladamente las metodologías y modelos utilizados actualmente en el estudio de flujos de lodos y detritos, su alcance y limitaciones, para lo cual se realizó una revisión bibliométrica extensa de los modelos y estudios en los cuales se aplicaron estas metodologías. Se encontró que el análisis del fenómeno requiere una aproximación integrada de aspectos hidrológicos, geotécnicos e hidráulicos, algunos modelos permiten describir su comportamiento reológico y factores condicionantes asociados al clima y suelo, sin embargo, la caracterización de otros aspectos como arrastre y cambios en las propiedades del fluido son aún limitados.
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