Palabras clave
Sistemas de energía eléctrica-planeación
tracción eléctrica
transporte público
tracción eléctrica
transporte público
Cómo citar
Sistemas de alimentación eléctrica a sistemas de transporte masivo tipo metro. (2009). Ingenieria Y Universidad, 13(2). https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/iyu/article/view/965
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Resumen
Por lo general, los sistemas de transporte masivo que usan energía eléctrica se han desarrollado simultáneamente con los sistemas de distribución de electricidad; sin embargo, este no ha sido el caso de Colombia, en especial de los grandes centros urbanos como Bogotá, donde la red de distribución eléctrica se encuentra desarrollada para atender a sus actuales usuarios. Surge así el interrogante de cuáles serán los requerimientos de los sistemas de tracción/transporte eléctrico que serán solicitados al operador de red de un sistema de distribución de electricidad. Este artículo presenta una revisión general del estado actual de los sistemas de alimentación de energía eléctrica a sistemas de transporte masivo, como el metro y el tren de cercanías, hoy de gran importancia en el desarrollo de Bogotá. El sistema de alimentación a un sistema de tracción tipo metro, incluidos los sistemas de trenes de cercanías, se caracteriza por el tipo de alimentación, la tensión, la configuración de la red del sistema de alimentación, el tipo de conductor de alimentación (catenaria, tercer riel, conductor rígido aéreo) y la magnitud de la potencia de las subestaciones. Este artículo presenta las características generales de estos sistemas de alimentación.
BAE, C. et al. Simulation study of regenerative inverter for DC traction substation. electrical machines and systems. Korea, 2005, pp. 27-29.
BAGHZOUS, Y. An overview on probabilistic aspects of harmonics in power systems. Power Engineering Society General Meeting, IEEE. Proceedings, 2005, vol. 3, pp. 2394-2396.
BOLLEN, M. H. J. y ZHANG, L. D. Different methods for classification of three-phase unbalanced voltage dips due to faults. Electric Power System Research, 2003, vol. 66, núm. 1. pp. 59-69.
BRUNTON, L. The trolleybus Story. IEEE Review, 1992, vol. 38, núm. 2, pp. 57-61.
BUHRKALL, L. Traction system case study: electric traction system. The 9th Institution of Engineering and technology Professional Development Course on Electric Traction Systems. Manchester: Institution of Engineering and technology Professional, 2006.
CARAMIA, L.; CAROINELLI P. y PROTO, G. Power quality disturbances due to interaction between AC and DC traction systems. IEEE, Power Electronics, Machines and Drivers. Italia, 2004, pp. 492-497.
CASTEREN, J. y GROEMAN, F. Harmonic analysis of rail transportation systems with probabilistic techniques. 9th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems KTH. Sweden, 2006, pp. 1-4.
CAVALLINI, A. y MONTANARI, G. C. Stochastic evaluation of harmonics at network buses. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1995, vol. 10, núm. 3, pp. 1606-1613.
COLIGNON, P. y CAVENAILE, F. The Brussels tramway 2000 with asynchronous traction. European Power Electronics Association, 1993, vol. 5, núms. 13-16, pp. 299-302.
COMPAÑÍA TROLEBÚS QUITO S. A. Características técnicas de las subestaciones rectificadoras del trolebús y línea de contacto [web en línea] <http://www.trolebus.gov.ec/>. [Consulta: 15-06-2007]
COURT, A. The 3rd Institution of Engineering and Technology Professional Development Course on Railway Electrification Infrastructure and System. Birmingham, UK, 2007.
DÍAZ, O. Environmental friendly electric transport for large cities: the case of Mexico City. Industrial Electronics, ISIE’2000. México, 2000, pp. KL1-KL4.
DOLECEK, R. y HLAVA, K. Transients effects at power supply system of Czech Railways from EMC viewpoint. Radioengineering, 2007, vol. 16, núm. 1. pp. 40-44.
ELECTRIC TBUS GROUP. E. I. Irvine: analysis and design of trolley overhead [web en línea]. <http://www.tbus.org.uk/article.htm> [Consulta: 8-04-2007].
FERNÁNDEZ, R. Tecnologías intermedias de transporte público. Ciencia Abierta, 2005, vol. 11, pp. 1-8.
FILHO, M. et al. Evaluation of electromagnetic interference from railway electric power system harmonics. IEEE, International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2003, vol. 1,pp. 437-440.
FISCHER, I. y BOLTON, G. Auxiliary power systems for rolling stock: electric traction system. The 9th Institution of Engineering and technology Professional Development Course on Electric Traction Systems. Manchester: Institution of Engineering and technology Professional, 2006, pp. 167-175.
GOODMAN, G. Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). Course on electrical traction system: electric traction system: overview of electrical railway system and the calculation of train performance. The 9th Institution of Engineering and Technology Professional Development Course on Electric Traction Systems, Manchester, 2006, pp. 6-10.
HENSLEY, G.; SINGH, T. y SAMOTYJ, M. Impact of utility switched capacitors on customer systems. Part II: adjustable speed drive concerns. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1992, vol. 7, núm. 2, pp. 1623-1628.
HILL, J. DC and AC traction motors: electric traction system. The 9th Institution of Engineering and technology Professional Development Course on Electric Traction Systems. Manchester: Institution of Engineering and technology Professional, 2006, pp. 43-53.
—. Electric railway traction. Part 1: electric traction and DC traction motor drives. Power Engineering Journal, 1994a, vol. 8, núm. 1, pp. 47-56.
—. Electric railway traction. Part 3: traction power supplies. Power Engineering Journal, 1994b, vol. 8, núm 6, pp. 275-286.
HILL, J. et al. A frequency domain model for 3kV Dc traction DC-side resonance identification. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1995, vol. 10, núm. 3, pp. 1369-1375.
HSIANG, P. y LIN, C. Electric load estimation techniques for high-speed railway (HSR) traction power systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2001, vol. 50, núm. 5, pp. 1260-1266.
HSIANG, P.; LIN, C. y JONG, L. Simulating on-line dynamic voltages of multiple trains under real operating conditions for AC railways. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999, vol. 14, núm. 2, pp. 452-459.
JIANG, Y. y EKSTROM, A. General analysis of harmonic transfer through converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1997, vol. 12, núm. 2, pp. 287-293.
JONG, J. y CHANG, F. Algorithms for generating train speed profiles. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 2005, vol. 6, pp. 356-371.
—. Models for estimating energy consumption of electric trains. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 2005, vol. 6, pp. 278-291.
KADHI, R.; ALLAN, J. y MELLIT, B. Assessment of A. C. side harmonics of D. C. supplied railways. Power Electronics and Applications: European Conference. United Kingdom, 1993, pp. 256-261.
KNESCHKE, T. Control of utility system unbalance caused by single-phase electric traction. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1985, vol. IA-21, núm. 6, pp. 1559-1568.
LEE, H.; KIMK, G. y OH, S. Sae-hyuk: faults of Korean electric railway system. Electric Power Systems Research, 2006, vol. 7, núm. 5, pp. 317-326.
LEÓN, C. y MARTÍNEZ, B. Estudio de la optimización del diseño de subestaciones para la alimentación de sistemas de tracción eléctrica. Cataluña: Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, 2007.
MARTIN, P. Train performance & simulation. 1999 Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 1287-1294.
METRO DE MEDELLÍN. Manual de mantenimiento. Anexo 03: suministro eléctrico. Medellín, 1996.
NATARAJÁN, R. et al. Short circuit currents of the SEPTA’s traction power distribution system. IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 1994, vol. 1, pp. 15-21.
OURA, Y.; MOCHINAGA, Y. y NAGASAWA, H. Railway electric power feeding systems. Japan Railway & Transport Review, 1998, vol. 16, pp. 48-58.
PERRIN, J. P. y VENARD, C. Transports électriques urbains-Distribution d’énergie. Automatismes de contrôle, 1991, D5-554. Techniques de L’Ingénieur.
PUENTE, F. Red eléctrica alimenta la expansión de la red ferroviaria de alta velocidad, potencia en la vía. Entrelíneas, 2007, pp. 40-45.
SHORT, T. et al. Site variation and prediction of power quality. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2003, vol. 18, núm. 4, pp. 1369-1375.
SINGH, B.; GAIROLA, S. y CHANDRA, A. Multipulse AC-DC converters for improving power quality: a review. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2008, vol. 23, núm. 1, pp. 260-281.
SOPOV, V. I. y BIRYKOV, V. V. Increase of efficiency of the power supply system of a trolleybus. IFOST symposium, Rusia, 2006, pp. 18-20.
SOPOV, V. V.; PROKUSHEV, V. I. y EVDOKIMOV. Improving performance of trolleybus power supply system. Russian Electrical Engineering, 2007, vol. 78, núm. 9, pp. 500-504.
STEIMEL, A. Electric railway traction in Europe: a survey of the state of art. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium, 1996, vol. 1, núm. 2, pp. 17-20.
—. Electric railway traction in Europe. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 1996, vol. 2, núm. 6, pp. 6-17.
SUTHERLAND, P.; WACLAWIAK, M. y MCGRANAGHAN, M. System impacts evaluation of a single-phase traction load on a 115-kV transmission system. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2006, vol. 21, núm. 2, pp. 837-844.
TRAMWAY TFS (Grenoble, Rouen et Bobigny) [web en línea]. <http://pagesperso-orange.fr/florent.brisou/Fiche%20Grenoble.htm>. [Consulta: 21-07-2007].
VUCHIC, V. Urban transit systems and technology. New Jersey: Willey & Sons, 2007.
WALCZYNCA, A. M. y JANISZEWSKI, P. Time domain analysis of harmonic interactions between traction vehicle and DC supply. International Conference on Electric Railways in a United Europe, 1995, pp. 186-196.
WHITE, S. Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). Course on electrical traction system: AC/DC Railway electrification and protection: electric traction system. The 9th Institution of Engineering and technology Professional Development Course on Electric Traction Systems. Manchester: Institution of Engineering and technology Professional, 2006, pp. 6-10.
ZAMORA, I. et al. Influence of faults in electric railway system. The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2nd International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives. España, 2005, pp. 504-509.
BAGHZOUS, Y. An overview on probabilistic aspects of harmonics in power systems. Power Engineering Society General Meeting, IEEE. Proceedings, 2005, vol. 3, pp. 2394-2396.
BOLLEN, M. H. J. y ZHANG, L. D. Different methods for classification of three-phase unbalanced voltage dips due to faults. Electric Power System Research, 2003, vol. 66, núm. 1. pp. 59-69.
BRUNTON, L. The trolleybus Story. IEEE Review, 1992, vol. 38, núm. 2, pp. 57-61.
BUHRKALL, L. Traction system case study: electric traction system. The 9th Institution of Engineering and technology Professional Development Course on Electric Traction Systems. Manchester: Institution of Engineering and technology Professional, 2006.
CARAMIA, L.; CAROINELLI P. y PROTO, G. Power quality disturbances due to interaction between AC and DC traction systems. IEEE, Power Electronics, Machines and Drivers. Italia, 2004, pp. 492-497.
CASTEREN, J. y GROEMAN, F. Harmonic analysis of rail transportation systems with probabilistic techniques. 9th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems KTH. Sweden, 2006, pp. 1-4.
CAVALLINI, A. y MONTANARI, G. C. Stochastic evaluation of harmonics at network buses. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1995, vol. 10, núm. 3, pp. 1606-1613.
COLIGNON, P. y CAVENAILE, F. The Brussels tramway 2000 with asynchronous traction. European Power Electronics Association, 1993, vol. 5, núms. 13-16, pp. 299-302.
COMPAÑÍA TROLEBÚS QUITO S. A. Características técnicas de las subestaciones rectificadoras del trolebús y línea de contacto [web en línea] <http://www.trolebus.gov.ec/>. [Consulta: 15-06-2007]
COURT, A. The 3rd Institution of Engineering and Technology Professional Development Course on Railway Electrification Infrastructure and System. Birmingham, UK, 2007.
DÍAZ, O. Environmental friendly electric transport for large cities: the case of Mexico City. Industrial Electronics, ISIE’2000. México, 2000, pp. KL1-KL4.
DOLECEK, R. y HLAVA, K. Transients effects at power supply system of Czech Railways from EMC viewpoint. Radioengineering, 2007, vol. 16, núm. 1. pp. 40-44.
ELECTRIC TBUS GROUP. E. I. Irvine: analysis and design of trolley overhead [web en línea]. <http://www.tbus.org.uk/article.htm> [Consulta: 8-04-2007].
FERNÁNDEZ, R. Tecnologías intermedias de transporte público. Ciencia Abierta, 2005, vol. 11, pp. 1-8.
FILHO, M. et al. Evaluation of electromagnetic interference from railway electric power system harmonics. IEEE, International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2003, vol. 1,pp. 437-440.
FISCHER, I. y BOLTON, G. Auxiliary power systems for rolling stock: electric traction system. The 9th Institution of Engineering and technology Professional Development Course on Electric Traction Systems. Manchester: Institution of Engineering and technology Professional, 2006, pp. 167-175.
GOODMAN, G. Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). Course on electrical traction system: electric traction system: overview of electrical railway system and the calculation of train performance. The 9th Institution of Engineering and Technology Professional Development Course on Electric Traction Systems, Manchester, 2006, pp. 6-10.
HENSLEY, G.; SINGH, T. y SAMOTYJ, M. Impact of utility switched capacitors on customer systems. Part II: adjustable speed drive concerns. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1992, vol. 7, núm. 2, pp. 1623-1628.
HILL, J. DC and AC traction motors: electric traction system. The 9th Institution of Engineering and technology Professional Development Course on Electric Traction Systems. Manchester: Institution of Engineering and technology Professional, 2006, pp. 43-53.
—. Electric railway traction. Part 1: electric traction and DC traction motor drives. Power Engineering Journal, 1994a, vol. 8, núm. 1, pp. 47-56.
—. Electric railway traction. Part 3: traction power supplies. Power Engineering Journal, 1994b, vol. 8, núm 6, pp. 275-286.
HILL, J. et al. A frequency domain model for 3kV Dc traction DC-side resonance identification. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1995, vol. 10, núm. 3, pp. 1369-1375.
HSIANG, P. y LIN, C. Electric load estimation techniques for high-speed railway (HSR) traction power systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2001, vol. 50, núm. 5, pp. 1260-1266.
HSIANG, P.; LIN, C. y JONG, L. Simulating on-line dynamic voltages of multiple trains under real operating conditions for AC railways. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999, vol. 14, núm. 2, pp. 452-459.
JIANG, Y. y EKSTROM, A. General analysis of harmonic transfer through converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1997, vol. 12, núm. 2, pp. 287-293.
JONG, J. y CHANG, F. Algorithms for generating train speed profiles. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 2005, vol. 6, pp. 356-371.
—. Models for estimating energy consumption of electric trains. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 2005, vol. 6, pp. 278-291.
KADHI, R.; ALLAN, J. y MELLIT, B. Assessment of A. C. side harmonics of D. C. supplied railways. Power Electronics and Applications: European Conference. United Kingdom, 1993, pp. 256-261.
KNESCHKE, T. Control of utility system unbalance caused by single-phase electric traction. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1985, vol. IA-21, núm. 6, pp. 1559-1568.
LEE, H.; KIMK, G. y OH, S. Sae-hyuk: faults of Korean electric railway system. Electric Power Systems Research, 2006, vol. 7, núm. 5, pp. 317-326.
LEÓN, C. y MARTÍNEZ, B. Estudio de la optimización del diseño de subestaciones para la alimentación de sistemas de tracción eléctrica. Cataluña: Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, 2007.
MARTIN, P. Train performance & simulation. 1999 Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 1287-1294.
METRO DE MEDELLÍN. Manual de mantenimiento. Anexo 03: suministro eléctrico. Medellín, 1996.
NATARAJÁN, R. et al. Short circuit currents of the SEPTA’s traction power distribution system. IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 1994, vol. 1, pp. 15-21.
OURA, Y.; MOCHINAGA, Y. y NAGASAWA, H. Railway electric power feeding systems. Japan Railway & Transport Review, 1998, vol. 16, pp. 48-58.
PERRIN, J. P. y VENARD, C. Transports électriques urbains-Distribution d’énergie. Automatismes de contrôle, 1991, D5-554. Techniques de L’Ingénieur.
PUENTE, F. Red eléctrica alimenta la expansión de la red ferroviaria de alta velocidad, potencia en la vía. Entrelíneas, 2007, pp. 40-45.
SHORT, T. et al. Site variation and prediction of power quality. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2003, vol. 18, núm. 4, pp. 1369-1375.
SINGH, B.; GAIROLA, S. y CHANDRA, A. Multipulse AC-DC converters for improving power quality: a review. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2008, vol. 23, núm. 1, pp. 260-281.
SOPOV, V. I. y BIRYKOV, V. V. Increase of efficiency of the power supply system of a trolleybus. IFOST symposium, Rusia, 2006, pp. 18-20.
SOPOV, V. V.; PROKUSHEV, V. I. y EVDOKIMOV. Improving performance of trolleybus power supply system. Russian Electrical Engineering, 2007, vol. 78, núm. 9, pp. 500-504.
STEIMEL, A. Electric railway traction in Europe: a survey of the state of art. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium, 1996, vol. 1, núm. 2, pp. 17-20.
—. Electric railway traction in Europe. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 1996, vol. 2, núm. 6, pp. 6-17.
SUTHERLAND, P.; WACLAWIAK, M. y MCGRANAGHAN, M. System impacts evaluation of a single-phase traction load on a 115-kV transmission system. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2006, vol. 21, núm. 2, pp. 837-844.
TRAMWAY TFS (Grenoble, Rouen et Bobigny) [web en línea]. <http://pagesperso-orange.fr/florent.brisou/Fiche%20Grenoble.htm>. [Consulta: 21-07-2007].
VUCHIC, V. Urban transit systems and technology. New Jersey: Willey & Sons, 2007.
WALCZYNCA, A. M. y JANISZEWSKI, P. Time domain analysis of harmonic interactions between traction vehicle and DC supply. International Conference on Electric Railways in a United Europe, 1995, pp. 186-196.
WHITE, S. Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). Course on electrical traction system: AC/DC Railway electrification and protection: electric traction system. The 9th Institution of Engineering and technology Professional Development Course on Electric Traction Systems. Manchester: Institution of Engineering and technology Professional, 2006, pp. 6-10.
ZAMORA, I. et al. Influence of faults in electric railway system. The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2nd International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives. España, 2005, pp. 504-509.
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