Palabras clave
patrimonio cultural;
discurso patrimonial autorizado;
Carta de Burra;
paisaje cultural asociativo
Cómo citar
Resumen
El presente artículo aborda la manera como Australia ha contribuido a la discusión sobre patrimonio cultural en el mundo en los últimos años. En primer lugar, se presenta el conflicto original entre los colonos británicos y los aborígenes australianos durante el proceso de colonización de Australia, el cual aún se refleja en el proceso de construcción de su identidad y patrimonio cultural. En este proceso se identifican tres tipos de contribuciones: desde la teoría del patrimonio, desde la práctica de la conservación y desde las categorías de patrimonio mundial de la Unesco. Desde la teoría, Laurajane Smith propone que el discurso patrimonial autorizado busca anular los discursos de las minorías, estableciéndose como aquello que es intrínsecamente valioso para ser protegido. Desde la práctica de la conservación del patrimonio, en 1979 surge la Carta de Burra, la cual entiende que la significación cultural es el paso más importante para definir algo como patrimonio. Finalmente, la categoría de paisaje cultural asociativo impulsada desde Australasia surge desde la necesidad de proteger paisajes culturales indígenas con énfasis en las relaciones simbólicas de las comunidades y su territorio, buscando superar el enfoque eurocéntrico y monumentalista.
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