Palabras clave
consumo estatutario
búsqueda de estatus
endeudamiento
legitimidad de la desigualdad
Cómo citar
Resumen
La desigualdad económica provoca múltiples consecuencias psicosociales. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es identificar la relación entre la desigualdad económica objetiva (GINI) y percibida (PDE) con el consumo estatutario, el materialismo y el endeudamiento. Además, se analiza la búsqueda de estatus como posible mediador entre la desigualdad (objetiva/percibida) y el consumo estatutario, así como se explora el rol de la percepción de justicia en la distribución de recursos en esta relación. Se utiliza un diseño ex-post-facto retrospectivo de medidas múltiples. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado en dos contextos diferentes: Colombia (N= 217) y España (N=119). Los resultados mostraron que la relación entre la desigualdad objetiva y la preferencia por productos estatutarios, está mediada por la búsqueda de estatus (B = 0.10, SE = 0.03, 95 % IC = [0.0441, 0.1683]) y moderada por la percepción de justicia en la distribución de recursos (B = -0.25, SE = 0.10, t(322) = -2.49, p < 0.005). Estos resultados muestran cómo las preferencias de consumo están influenciadas no solo por variables psicológicas, sino también por variables ideológicas y económicas de carácter estructural, siendo importante manipular la desigualdad económica en diferentes escenarios para analizar si los resultados se mantienen a nivel causal.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Andrea Velandia-Morales, Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón, Rocío Martínez