Factores vinculados al automanejo de la enfermedad crónica: Una revisión sistemática
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Dado el aumento y relevancia de las enfermedades crónicas durante las últimas décadas a nivel mundial y el impacto que en éstas tiene el automanejo para su control, el objetivo de esta revisión fue sistematizar la evidencia reportada sobre factores vinculados al automanejo de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Para esto, bajo un modelo PRISMA, se revisaron las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y Pubmed. Se seleccionaron 35 estudios empíricos, en español y en inglés, publicados entre los años 2018 y 2022, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados aportan evidencia sobre diversos factores predictores del automanejo de las enfermedades crónicas en distintos niveles. A nivel individual se incluyen variables psicológicas como la autoeficacia, sintomatología ansioso-depresiva y conocimiento de la enfermedad, variables sociodemográficas tales como edad, estatus socioeconómico, nivel de educación y variables clínicas asociadas al estado de salud. A nivel comunitario destacan el apoyo social y la alfabetización, y factores estructurales asociados a las políticas públicas de salud y la cultura. Se discuten sus implicaciones y limitaciones.
autogestión, automanejo, enfermedad crónica, salud, psicología de la saludself-management, chronic diseases, health, health psychology
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