Keywords
architects
psychologists
visuospatial memory
verbal memory
working memory
expertise
psychologists
visuospatial memory
verbal memory
working memory
expertise
How to Cite
Expertise and Cognition. Exploration of Verbal and Visuospatial Cognitive Functions in Architects and Psychologists. (2020). Universitas Psychologica, 19, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy19.ecef
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Abstract
Several investigations have warned that the exercise of some professions can have modulating effects on the brain structure and cognitive functioning. The results of an exploratory cross-sectional study referring to the modifications on specific processes between experts in Architecture (N = 41, age: X = 39, SD = 10) and in Psychology (N = 40, age: X = 35, SD = 7) are presented. The general objective was to contribute to the determination of differential cognitive profiles. The architects showed better performance on tasks that involve the retention and manipulation of visuospatial information. No significant differences were found in solving verbal tasks. These results suggest that experience in architecture could lead to improved behavioral performance in cognitive processes corresponding to visuospatial working memory. The scope of the present exploration and the necessary instances for the validation of these observations are discussed. New studies are suggested that integrate longitudinal monitoring and neuroimaging technologies.
Adamson, M. M., Bayley, P. J., Scanlon, B. K., Farrell, M. E., Hernández, B., Weiner, M. W., Yesavage, J. A., & Taylor, J. L. (2012). Pilot expertise and hippocampal size: Associations with longitudinal flight simulator performance. Aviation, Space, & Environmental Medicine, 83(9), 850-857. https://doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.3215.2012
Alain, C., Moussard, A., Singer, J., Lee, Y., Bidelman, G. M., & Moreno, S. (2019). Music and visual art training modulate brain activity in older adults. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 182. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00182
Álvarez, M. A. (2000). Sistema único de seguimiento para pacientes hipotiroideos (Manual y Software). La Habana: Universidad de La Habana.
Amalric, M., & Dehaene, S. (2016). Origins of the brain networks for advanced mathematics in expert mathematicians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(18), 4909-4917. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603205113
American Psychological Association. (2010). Principios éticos de los psicólogos y Código de Conducta [Enmiendas 2010]. Washington, DC: Autor.
Bekinschtein, T. A., Cardozo, J., & Manes, F. F. (2008). Strategies of Buenos Aires waiters to enhance memory capacity in a real-life setting. Behavioural Neurology, 20(3), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/621964
Boh, B., Herholz, S., Lappe, C., & Pantev, C. (2011). Processing of complex auditory patterns in musicians and nonmusicians. Plos One, 6, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021458
Campitelli, G. (2017). Cognitive processes in chees. En D. Z. Hambrick, G. Campitelli, & B. N. Macnamara (Eds.), The science of expertise: Behavioral, neural, and genetic approaches to complex skill (Chap. 3, pp. 1-16). Routledge.
Chang, Y. (2014). Reorganization and plastic changes of the human brain associated with skill learning and expertise. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 35. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00035
Daitch, A. L., Foster, B. L., Schrouff, J., Rangarajan, V., Kaşikçi, I., Gattas, S., & Parvizi, J. (2016). Mapping human temporal and parietal neuronal population activity and functional coupling during mathematical cognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(46), 7277-7286. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608434113
Dehaene, S., & Cohen, L. (2007). Cultural Recycling of Cortical Maps. Neuron, 56(2), 384-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.004
Deleglise, Á., & Cervigni, M. (2019). The neural codes of conscious perception and working memory. Cuadernos de Neuropsicología/Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology, 13(1), 60-83. https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/13.1.203
Fernández, A. L., Marino, J. C., & Alderete, A. M. (2004). Valores normativos en la prueba de fluidez verbal animales sobre una muestra de 251 adultos argentinos. Revista Argentina de Neuropsicología, 4, 12-22. https://7e5bfcbc-8cab-4aa5-94d4-d55ce46fc649.filesusr.com/ugd/2c1a84_f2c3e0e3944d481abd7bb892af5c65c7.pdf
Frazzetto, G., & Anker, S. (2009). Neuroculture. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(11), 815-821. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2736
Gaser, C., & Schlaug, G. (2003). Brain structures differ between musicians and non-musicians. Journal of Neuroscience, 23(27), 9240-9245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(01)92488-7
Gobet, F., & Simon, H. A. (1998). Expert chess memory: Revisiting the chunking hypothesis. Memory, 6(3), 225-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/741942359
Habibi, A., Damasio, A., Ilari, B., Sachs, M. E., & Damasio, H. (2018). Music training and child development: A review of recent findings from a longitudinal study. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13606
Hambrick, D., Macnamara, B., & Campitelli, G. (Eds.). (2017). Science of expertise: Behavioral, neural, and genetic approaches to complex skill. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315113371
Hara, Y. (2015). Brain plasticity and rehabilitation in stroke patients. Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi, 82(1), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1272/jnms.82.4
Kernbach, J., Rogenmoser, L., Schlaug, G., & Gaser, C. (2018). Keep your brain young with music: Insights from machine learning and brain imaging. Innovation in Aging, 2(Supl. 1), 849. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.3163
Kessels, R. P., Van Zandvoort, M. J., Postma, A., Kappelle, L. J., & De Haan, E. H. (2000). The Corsi block-tapping task: Standardization and normative data. Applied Neuropsychology, 7(4), 252-258. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324826AN0704_8
Kiesel, A., Kunde, W., Pohl, C., Berner, M. P., & Hoffmann, J. (2009). Playing chess unconsciously. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 35(1), 292-298. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014499
Kodama, M., Ono, T., Yamashita, F., Ebata, H., Liu, M., Kasuga, S., & Ushiba, J. (2018). Structural gray matter changes in the hippocampus and the primary motor cortex on an-hour-to-one-day scale can predict arm-reaching performance improvement. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 209. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00209
Kolb, B., Teskey, G., & Gibb, R. (2010). Factors influencing cerebral plasticity in the normal and injured brain. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4(204), 231-442. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00204
León, O. G., & Montero, I. (2015). La investigación y el conocimiento. En Métodos de investigación en psicología. McGraw-Hill.
Madan, C. R. (2014). Augmented memory: A survey of the approaches to remembering more. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8, 30. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00030
Maguire, E. A., Gadian, D. G., Johnsrude, I. S., Good, C. D., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(8), 4398-4403. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.070039597
Maguire, E. A., Woollett, K., & Spiers, H. J. (2006). London taxi drivers and bus drivers: A structural MRI and neuropsychological analysis. Hippocampus, 16, 1091-1101. https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.20233
Marino, J., & Alderete, A. M. (2010). Valores normativos de pruebas de fluidez verbal categoriales, fonológicas, gramaticales y combinadas y análisis comparativo de la capacidad de iniciación. Revista Neuropsicología, Neuropsiquiatría y Neurociencias, 10(1), 79-93. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3988275
Martino, P., Cervigni, M., Stelzer, F., & Tafet, G. (2014). Memoria espacial e hipocampo en taxistas londinenses. Acta Psiquiátrica y Psicológica de América Latina, 60(1), 43-51. http://www.acta.org.ar/04-WebForms/frmResumen.aspx?IdArticulo=159&Abonado=
Moore, C. D., Cohen, M. X., & Ranganath, C. (2006). Neural mechanisms of expert skills in visual working memory. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(43), 11187-11196. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1873-06.2006
Mora, F. (2007). Neurocultura. Alianza.
García Morales, L., Rodríguez Arnao, M. D., Rodríguez Sánchez, A., Dulín Íniguez, E., & Álvarez González, M. A. (2020). Atención sostenida en niños con hipotiroidismo congénito en edad escolar. Influencia de los episodios de sobretratamiento en los primeros 3 años de vida. Neurología, 35(4), 226-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2017.08.003
Nierman, M. (2018). Music and the brain. The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences, 12(1) 373-381. https://touroscholar.touro.edu/sjlcas/vol12/iss1/12
Osterrieth, P.E. (1944). Le test de copie d’une figure complexe: contribution à l’étude de la perception et de la mémoire. Archives de Psychologie, 30, 206-356. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1946-02126-001
Puerta-Lopera, I. C., Dussán-Lubert, C., Montoya-Londoño, D. M., & Landinez-Martínez, D. (2018). Datos normativos y estandarización de un protocolo de pruebas neuropsicológicas para la evaluación de la memoria en estudiantes universitarios. Psychologia, 12(2), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.21500/19002386.3260
Ramos-Oliveira, D., & Santos de Oliveira, F. (2018). Contribuições da neurociência social nos estudos da Schadenfreude, cognição social e emoção intergrupal: revisão integrativa. Universitas Psychologica, 17(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-4.cnse
Rey, A. (1941). L’examen psychologique dans les cas d'encéphalopathie traumatique (Les problèmes). Archives de Psychologie, 28, 112-164. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1943-03814-001
Ruff, R. M., Light, R. H., Parker, S. B., & Levin, H. S. (1997). The psychological construct of word fluency. Brain and Language, 57(3), 394-405. https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.1997.1755
Sanju, H. K., & Kumar, P. (2016). Pre-attentive auditory discrimination skill in Indian classical vocal musicians and non-musicians. Journal of Otology, 11(3), 102‐110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joto.2016.06.002
Shum, J., Hermes, D., Foster, B. L., Dastjerdi, M., Rangarajan, V., Winawer, J., & Parvizi, J. (2013). A Brain Area for Visual Numerals. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(16), 6709-6715. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4558-12.2013
Sperduti, A., Crivellaro, F., Rossi, P. F., & Bondioli, L. (2012). Do octopuses have a brain? Knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards neuroscience at school. PloS One, 7(10), e47943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047943
Stelzer, F., Cervigni, M., & Martino, P. (2011). Desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas en niños preescolares: una revisión de algunos de sus factores moduladores. Liberabit. Revista de Psicología, 17(1), 93-100. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=68619288011
Vogan, V. M., Morgan, B. R., Powell, T. L., Smith, M. L., & Taylor, M. (2015). The neurodevelopmental differences of increasing verbal working memory demand in children and adults. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(3), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.008
Vogan, V. M., Francis, K. E., Morgan, B. R., Smith, M. L., & Taylor, M. J. (2018). Load matters: Neural correlates of verbal working memory in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 10(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-018-9236-y
Wang, H. R., Dai, J. J., Jiang, Z. L., & Cai, J. (2010). Cognitive quality of prodessional divers. Journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases, 28(6), 418-422. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21033151/
Woollett, K., & Maguire, E. A. (2012). Exploring anterograde associative memory in London taxi drivers. Neuroreport, 23(15), 885-888. https://doi.org/10.1097/W
Alain, C., Moussard, A., Singer, J., Lee, Y., Bidelman, G. M., & Moreno, S. (2019). Music and visual art training modulate brain activity in older adults. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 182. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00182
Álvarez, M. A. (2000). Sistema único de seguimiento para pacientes hipotiroideos (Manual y Software). La Habana: Universidad de La Habana.
Amalric, M., & Dehaene, S. (2016). Origins of the brain networks for advanced mathematics in expert mathematicians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(18), 4909-4917. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603205113
American Psychological Association. (2010). Principios éticos de los psicólogos y Código de Conducta [Enmiendas 2010]. Washington, DC: Autor.
Bekinschtein, T. A., Cardozo, J., & Manes, F. F. (2008). Strategies of Buenos Aires waiters to enhance memory capacity in a real-life setting. Behavioural Neurology, 20(3), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/621964
Boh, B., Herholz, S., Lappe, C., & Pantev, C. (2011). Processing of complex auditory patterns in musicians and nonmusicians. Plos One, 6, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021458
Campitelli, G. (2017). Cognitive processes in chees. En D. Z. Hambrick, G. Campitelli, & B. N. Macnamara (Eds.), The science of expertise: Behavioral, neural, and genetic approaches to complex skill (Chap. 3, pp. 1-16). Routledge.
Chang, Y. (2014). Reorganization and plastic changes of the human brain associated with skill learning and expertise. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 35. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00035
Daitch, A. L., Foster, B. L., Schrouff, J., Rangarajan, V., Kaşikçi, I., Gattas, S., & Parvizi, J. (2016). Mapping human temporal and parietal neuronal population activity and functional coupling during mathematical cognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(46), 7277-7286. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608434113
Dehaene, S., & Cohen, L. (2007). Cultural Recycling of Cortical Maps. Neuron, 56(2), 384-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.004
Deleglise, Á., & Cervigni, M. (2019). The neural codes of conscious perception and working memory. Cuadernos de Neuropsicología/Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology, 13(1), 60-83. https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/13.1.203
Fernández, A. L., Marino, J. C., & Alderete, A. M. (2004). Valores normativos en la prueba de fluidez verbal animales sobre una muestra de 251 adultos argentinos. Revista Argentina de Neuropsicología, 4, 12-22. https://7e5bfcbc-8cab-4aa5-94d4-d55ce46fc649.filesusr.com/ugd/2c1a84_f2c3e0e3944d481abd7bb892af5c65c7.pdf
Frazzetto, G., & Anker, S. (2009). Neuroculture. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(11), 815-821. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2736
Gaser, C., & Schlaug, G. (2003). Brain structures differ between musicians and non-musicians. Journal of Neuroscience, 23(27), 9240-9245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(01)92488-7
Gobet, F., & Simon, H. A. (1998). Expert chess memory: Revisiting the chunking hypothesis. Memory, 6(3), 225-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/741942359
Habibi, A., Damasio, A., Ilari, B., Sachs, M. E., & Damasio, H. (2018). Music training and child development: A review of recent findings from a longitudinal study. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13606
Hambrick, D., Macnamara, B., & Campitelli, G. (Eds.). (2017). Science of expertise: Behavioral, neural, and genetic approaches to complex skill. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315113371
Hara, Y. (2015). Brain plasticity and rehabilitation in stroke patients. Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi, 82(1), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1272/jnms.82.4
Kernbach, J., Rogenmoser, L., Schlaug, G., & Gaser, C. (2018). Keep your brain young with music: Insights from machine learning and brain imaging. Innovation in Aging, 2(Supl. 1), 849. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.3163
Kessels, R. P., Van Zandvoort, M. J., Postma, A., Kappelle, L. J., & De Haan, E. H. (2000). The Corsi block-tapping task: Standardization and normative data. Applied Neuropsychology, 7(4), 252-258. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324826AN0704_8
Kiesel, A., Kunde, W., Pohl, C., Berner, M. P., & Hoffmann, J. (2009). Playing chess unconsciously. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 35(1), 292-298. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014499
Kodama, M., Ono, T., Yamashita, F., Ebata, H., Liu, M., Kasuga, S., & Ushiba, J. (2018). Structural gray matter changes in the hippocampus and the primary motor cortex on an-hour-to-one-day scale can predict arm-reaching performance improvement. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 209. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00209
Kolb, B., Teskey, G., & Gibb, R. (2010). Factors influencing cerebral plasticity in the normal and injured brain. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4(204), 231-442. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00204
León, O. G., & Montero, I. (2015). La investigación y el conocimiento. En Métodos de investigación en psicología. McGraw-Hill.
Madan, C. R. (2014). Augmented memory: A survey of the approaches to remembering more. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8, 30. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00030
Maguire, E. A., Gadian, D. G., Johnsrude, I. S., Good, C. D., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(8), 4398-4403. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.070039597
Maguire, E. A., Woollett, K., & Spiers, H. J. (2006). London taxi drivers and bus drivers: A structural MRI and neuropsychological analysis. Hippocampus, 16, 1091-1101. https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.20233
Marino, J., & Alderete, A. M. (2010). Valores normativos de pruebas de fluidez verbal categoriales, fonológicas, gramaticales y combinadas y análisis comparativo de la capacidad de iniciación. Revista Neuropsicología, Neuropsiquiatría y Neurociencias, 10(1), 79-93. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3988275
Martino, P., Cervigni, M., Stelzer, F., & Tafet, G. (2014). Memoria espacial e hipocampo en taxistas londinenses. Acta Psiquiátrica y Psicológica de América Latina, 60(1), 43-51. http://www.acta.org.ar/04-WebForms/frmResumen.aspx?IdArticulo=159&Abonado=
Moore, C. D., Cohen, M. X., & Ranganath, C. (2006). Neural mechanisms of expert skills in visual working memory. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(43), 11187-11196. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1873-06.2006
Mora, F. (2007). Neurocultura. Alianza.
García Morales, L., Rodríguez Arnao, M. D., Rodríguez Sánchez, A., Dulín Íniguez, E., & Álvarez González, M. A. (2020). Atención sostenida en niños con hipotiroidismo congénito en edad escolar. Influencia de los episodios de sobretratamiento en los primeros 3 años de vida. Neurología, 35(4), 226-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2017.08.003
Nierman, M. (2018). Music and the brain. The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences, 12(1) 373-381. https://touroscholar.touro.edu/sjlcas/vol12/iss1/12
Osterrieth, P.E. (1944). Le test de copie d’une figure complexe: contribution à l’étude de la perception et de la mémoire. Archives de Psychologie, 30, 206-356. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1946-02126-001
Puerta-Lopera, I. C., Dussán-Lubert, C., Montoya-Londoño, D. M., & Landinez-Martínez, D. (2018). Datos normativos y estandarización de un protocolo de pruebas neuropsicológicas para la evaluación de la memoria en estudiantes universitarios. Psychologia, 12(2), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.21500/19002386.3260
Ramos-Oliveira, D., & Santos de Oliveira, F. (2018). Contribuições da neurociência social nos estudos da Schadenfreude, cognição social e emoção intergrupal: revisão integrativa. Universitas Psychologica, 17(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-4.cnse
Rey, A. (1941). L’examen psychologique dans les cas d'encéphalopathie traumatique (Les problèmes). Archives de Psychologie, 28, 112-164. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1943-03814-001
Ruff, R. M., Light, R. H., Parker, S. B., & Levin, H. S. (1997). The psychological construct of word fluency. Brain and Language, 57(3), 394-405. https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.1997.1755
Sanju, H. K., & Kumar, P. (2016). Pre-attentive auditory discrimination skill in Indian classical vocal musicians and non-musicians. Journal of Otology, 11(3), 102‐110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joto.2016.06.002
Shum, J., Hermes, D., Foster, B. L., Dastjerdi, M., Rangarajan, V., Winawer, J., & Parvizi, J. (2013). A Brain Area for Visual Numerals. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(16), 6709-6715. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4558-12.2013
Sperduti, A., Crivellaro, F., Rossi, P. F., & Bondioli, L. (2012). Do octopuses have a brain? Knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards neuroscience at school. PloS One, 7(10), e47943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047943
Stelzer, F., Cervigni, M., & Martino, P. (2011). Desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas en niños preescolares: una revisión de algunos de sus factores moduladores. Liberabit. Revista de Psicología, 17(1), 93-100. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=68619288011
Vogan, V. M., Morgan, B. R., Powell, T. L., Smith, M. L., & Taylor, M. (2015). The neurodevelopmental differences of increasing verbal working memory demand in children and adults. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(3), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.008
Vogan, V. M., Francis, K. E., Morgan, B. R., Smith, M. L., & Taylor, M. J. (2018). Load matters: Neural correlates of verbal working memory in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 10(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-018-9236-y
Wang, H. R., Dai, J. J., Jiang, Z. L., & Cai, J. (2010). Cognitive quality of prodessional divers. Journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases, 28(6), 418-422. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21033151/
Woollett, K., & Maguire, E. A. (2012). Exploring anterograde associative memory in London taxi drivers. Neuroreport, 23(15), 885-888. https://doi.org/10.1097/W
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Copyright (c) 2020 Mauricio Cervigni, Guillermo Alfonso, Álvaro Deleglise, Miguel Gallegos, Pablo Martino