Aprendizaje de tiempo y lugar: efectos de la duración del período de disponibilidad y de la variabilidad o constancia de la secuencia de locaciones
Publicado
nov 6, 2018
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Daniel Antonio García Gallardo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7707-429X
Francisco Aguilar Guevara
Benjamín Armenta
Claudio Carpio
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7707-429X
Francisco Aguilar Guevara
Benjamín Armenta
Claudio Carpio
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Resumen
En el presente estudio, se somete a prueba una propuesta ampliamente aceptada en el área del Aprendizaje de Tiempo y Lugar (TPL): Esto es, que la ocurrencia de este aprendizaje, requiere regularidad en los tres componentes de la tarea: tiempo, lugar y evento. Para ello, se compararon los efectos de distintas duraciones del periodo de disponibilidad de reforzamiento en dos condiciones: secuencia constante y secuencia variable, en una cámara con cuatro comederos, sobre la emergencia de TPL. En la primera condición, el reforzador estaba disponible en un comedero diferente en cada ensayo, pero siempre en la misma secuencia. En la condición variable, la secuencia de comederos en los que se entregaba el reforzador cambió aleatoriamente. Se expusieron cuatro palomas primero a la condición variable y después a la condición constante. Para dos palomas, la disponibilidad de reforzamiento fue de 3 minutos (G3) y para las dos restantes, de 6 minutos (G6). En la condición variable, los sujetos del G6 ajustaron mejor sus respuestas a los parámetros temporo-espaciales de la tarea que los sujetos del G3. En la condición constante, no se apreciaron diferencias entre grupos. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos para las consideraciones previas acerca del posible rol asimétrico de parámetros espaciales y temporales de la tarea.
Keywords
anticipation, anticipation of depletion, pigeons, Time-Place Learninganticipación, anticipación del agotamiento, palomas, Time-Place Learning
References
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Biebach, H., Krebs, J., & Falk, H. (1994). Time-place learning, food availability and the exploitation of parches in garden warblers, Sylvia Borin. Animal Behaviour, 48, 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1241
Carr, J. A. R., Tan, A.O., Thorpe, C.M., & Wilkie, D.M. (2001). Further evidence of joint time-place control of rat’s behaviour: Results form an “Open Hopper” test. Behavioural Processes, 53, 147-153.
Carr, J. A. R., & Wilkie, D. M. (1997). Rats use an ordinal timer in a daily time-place task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 23, 232-247. https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.23.2.232
Crystal, J. D. (2009). Theoretical and conceptual issues in time-place discrimination. European Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 1756-1766. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06968.x
Crystal, J. D., & Miller, B. J. (2002). Simultaneous temporal and spatial processing. Animal Learning and Behavior, 30, 53-65. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192909
Deibel, S. H., Ingram, M. L., Lehr, A. B., Martin, H. C., Skinner, D. M., Martin, G. M., … Thorpe, C. M. (2014). In a daily time-place task, time is only used as a discriminative stimulus if each daily session is associated with a distinct spatial location. Learning & Behavior, 42, 246-255. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-014-0142-1
Deibel, S. H., & Thorpe, C. M. (2013). The effects of response cost and species-typical behaviors on a daily time-place task. Learning & Behavior, 41(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-012-0076-4
Falk, H., Biebach, H., & Krebs, J. (1992). Learning a time-place pattern of food availability: A comparison between an insectivorous and a granivorous weaver species (Ploceus bicolor and Euplectes hordeaceus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 31(1), 9-15. Recuperado de http://www.jstor.org/stable/4600715
Gallistel, C. R. (1990). The organization of learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
García-Gallardo, D., Aguilar, F., Armenta, B., & Carpio, C. (2015). Human strategies for solving a time-place learning task: The role of counting and following verbal cues. Behavioural Processes, 113, 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2015.01.017
García-Gallardo, D., & Carpio, C. (2016). Effects of variable sequences of food availability on time-place learning by pigeons. Behavioural Processes, 130, 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.07.008
Mulder, C. K., Gerkema, M. P., & Van der Zee, E. A. (2013). Circadian clocks and Memory. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 6, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2013.00008
Mulder, C. K., Reckman, G. A., Gerkema, M. P., & Van der Zee, E. A. (2015). Time-place learning over a lifetime: Absence of memory loss in trained old mice. Learning & Memory, 22, 278-287. https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.037440.114
Pizzo, M. J., & Crystal, J. D. (2004). Time-place learning in the eight-arm radial maze. Learning and Behavior, 32, 240-255. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196025
Ribes, E. (1992). Sobre el tiempo y el espacio psicológicos. Acta Comportamentalia, 0, 71-84. Recuperado de http://148.202.18.157/sitios/publicacionesite/pperiod/esthom/esthompdf/esthom5/207-220.pdf
Thorpe, C. M., Deibel, S. H., Reddigan, J. I., & Fontaine, C., (2012). Strain differences in a high response-cost daily time-place task. Behavioural Processes, 90, 384-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2012.04.004
Thorpe, C. M., Floresco, S. B., Carr, J. A. R., & Wilkie, D. M. (2002). Alterations in time-place learning induced by lesions to the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Behavioural Processes, 59, 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(02)00062-1
Thorpe, C., Hallet, D., Murphy, M., Fitzpatrick, C., & Bakhtiar, A. (2012). Interval Time-place learning in young children. Behavioural Processes, 91, 198-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2012.07.002
Thorpe, C., Hallet, D., & Wilkie, D. (2007). The role of spatial and temporal information in learning interval-time place tasks. Behavioural Processes, 75, 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2007.01.002
Thorpe, C. M., Petrovic, V., & Wilkie, D. M. (2002). How rats process spatiotemporal information in the face of distraction. Behavioural Processes, 58, 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(02)00003-7
Thorpe, C., & Wilkie, D. (2005). Interval time-place learning by rats: Varying reinforcement contingencies. Behavioural Processes, 70, 156-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2005.06.005
Thorpe, C., & Wilkie, D. (2006). Rat’s performance on an interval time-place task: Increasing sequence complexity. Learning & Behavior, 34, 248-254. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192880
Widman, D., Gordon, D., & Timberlake, W. (2000). Response cost and time place discrimination by rats in maze tasks. Animal Learning & Behavior, 28, 298-309. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03200263
Wilkie, D., Carr, J., Galloway, J., Parker, K., & Yamamoto, A. (1997). Conditional time-place learning. Behavioural Processes, 40(2), 165-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(97)00781-X
Wilkie, D., Saksida, L., Samson, P., & Lee, A. (1994). Properties of time-place learning by pigeons Columba Livia. Behavioural Processes, 31, 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-6357(94)90036-1
Wilkie, D., & Willson, R. (1992). Time-place learning by pigeons Columba Livia. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 57, 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1992.57-145
Yamaguchi, M., Masuda, R., & Yamashita, Y. (2016). Diel activity of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas is affected by the time of feeding and the presence of predators but not by time-place learning. Fish Science, 82, 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-015-0944-x
Biebach, H., Krebs, J., & Falk, H. (1994). Time-place learning, food availability and the exploitation of parches in garden warblers, Sylvia Borin. Animal Behaviour, 48, 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1241
Carr, J. A. R., Tan, A.O., Thorpe, C.M., & Wilkie, D.M. (2001). Further evidence of joint time-place control of rat’s behaviour: Results form an “Open Hopper” test. Behavioural Processes, 53, 147-153.
Carr, J. A. R., & Wilkie, D. M. (1997). Rats use an ordinal timer in a daily time-place task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 23, 232-247. https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.23.2.232
Crystal, J. D. (2009). Theoretical and conceptual issues in time-place discrimination. European Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 1756-1766. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06968.x
Crystal, J. D., & Miller, B. J. (2002). Simultaneous temporal and spatial processing. Animal Learning and Behavior, 30, 53-65. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192909
Deibel, S. H., Ingram, M. L., Lehr, A. B., Martin, H. C., Skinner, D. M., Martin, G. M., … Thorpe, C. M. (2014). In a daily time-place task, time is only used as a discriminative stimulus if each daily session is associated with a distinct spatial location. Learning & Behavior, 42, 246-255. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-014-0142-1
Deibel, S. H., & Thorpe, C. M. (2013). The effects of response cost and species-typical behaviors on a daily time-place task. Learning & Behavior, 41(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-012-0076-4
Falk, H., Biebach, H., & Krebs, J. (1992). Learning a time-place pattern of food availability: A comparison between an insectivorous and a granivorous weaver species (Ploceus bicolor and Euplectes hordeaceus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 31(1), 9-15. Recuperado de http://www.jstor.org/stable/4600715
Gallistel, C. R. (1990). The organization of learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
García-Gallardo, D., Aguilar, F., Armenta, B., & Carpio, C. (2015). Human strategies for solving a time-place learning task: The role of counting and following verbal cues. Behavioural Processes, 113, 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2015.01.017
García-Gallardo, D., & Carpio, C. (2016). Effects of variable sequences of food availability on time-place learning by pigeons. Behavioural Processes, 130, 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.07.008
Mulder, C. K., Gerkema, M. P., & Van der Zee, E. A. (2013). Circadian clocks and Memory. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 6, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2013.00008
Mulder, C. K., Reckman, G. A., Gerkema, M. P., & Van der Zee, E. A. (2015). Time-place learning over a lifetime: Absence of memory loss in trained old mice. Learning & Memory, 22, 278-287. https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.037440.114
Pizzo, M. J., & Crystal, J. D. (2004). Time-place learning in the eight-arm radial maze. Learning and Behavior, 32, 240-255. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196025
Ribes, E. (1992). Sobre el tiempo y el espacio psicológicos. Acta Comportamentalia, 0, 71-84. Recuperado de http://148.202.18.157/sitios/publicacionesite/pperiod/esthom/esthompdf/esthom5/207-220.pdf
Thorpe, C. M., Deibel, S. H., Reddigan, J. I., & Fontaine, C., (2012). Strain differences in a high response-cost daily time-place task. Behavioural Processes, 90, 384-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2012.04.004
Thorpe, C. M., Floresco, S. B., Carr, J. A. R., & Wilkie, D. M. (2002). Alterations in time-place learning induced by lesions to the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Behavioural Processes, 59, 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(02)00062-1
Thorpe, C., Hallet, D., Murphy, M., Fitzpatrick, C., & Bakhtiar, A. (2012). Interval Time-place learning in young children. Behavioural Processes, 91, 198-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2012.07.002
Thorpe, C., Hallet, D., & Wilkie, D. (2007). The role of spatial and temporal information in learning interval-time place tasks. Behavioural Processes, 75, 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2007.01.002
Thorpe, C. M., Petrovic, V., & Wilkie, D. M. (2002). How rats process spatiotemporal information in the face of distraction. Behavioural Processes, 58, 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(02)00003-7
Thorpe, C., & Wilkie, D. (2005). Interval time-place learning by rats: Varying reinforcement contingencies. Behavioural Processes, 70, 156-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2005.06.005
Thorpe, C., & Wilkie, D. (2006). Rat’s performance on an interval time-place task: Increasing sequence complexity. Learning & Behavior, 34, 248-254. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192880
Widman, D., Gordon, D., & Timberlake, W. (2000). Response cost and time place discrimination by rats in maze tasks. Animal Learning & Behavior, 28, 298-309. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03200263
Wilkie, D., Carr, J., Galloway, J., Parker, K., & Yamamoto, A. (1997). Conditional time-place learning. Behavioural Processes, 40(2), 165-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(97)00781-X
Wilkie, D., Saksida, L., Samson, P., & Lee, A. (1994). Properties of time-place learning by pigeons Columba Livia. Behavioural Processes, 31, 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-6357(94)90036-1
Wilkie, D., & Willson, R. (1992). Time-place learning by pigeons Columba Livia. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 57, 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1992.57-145
Yamaguchi, M., Masuda, R., & Yamashita, Y. (2016). Diel activity of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas is affected by the time of feeding and the presence of predators but not by time-place learning. Fish Science, 82, 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-015-0944-x
Cómo citar
García Gallardo, D. A., Aguilar Guevara, F., Armenta, B., & Carpio, C. (2018). Aprendizaje de tiempo y lugar: efectos de la duración del período de disponibilidad y de la variabilidad o constancia de la secuencia de locaciones. Universitas Psychologica, 17(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy17-4.atle
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