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La investigación sobre resolución de conflictos ha examinado las preferencias por respuestas retributivas o restaurativas frente a la injusticia; pero el papel de la afiliación grupal y de las prácticas parentales en la formación de estas orientaciones no es claro. Este estudio investigó las conductas restaurativas de participantes de 7 a 12 años (n = 64) como terceros observadores de transgresiones distributivas. Los participantes fueron asignados a condiciones de endogrupo o exogrupo y se les presentaron viñetas que mostraban transgresiones. Mediante diferenciales semánticos y cuestionarios, se evaluaron las preferencias de justicia y el autoritarismo infantil; los cuidadores reportaron la severidad y frecuencia del castigo corporal. Los resultados mostraron una clara preferencia por la restauración sobre la retribución. El sesgo grupal influyó en la conducta restaurativa: los participantes recurrieron a estrategias restaurativas más complejas con transgresores del endogrupo que del exogrupo. Estos hallazgos cuestionan la idea de que el castigo sea la respuesta predeterminada a las transgresiones y destacan la diversidad de conductas de justicia en la infancia. El estudio resalta el papel de la comparación grupal en la activación del sesgo y cuestiona la relevancia del autoritarismo en esta etapa del desarrollo. Las implicaciones se centran en las trayectorias del desarrollo de la orientación hacia la justicia y en la influencia de las prácticas de crianza en la formación de las preferencias infantiles.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Miguel Carrillo-Forero, Juan Giraldo Huertas, Camilo Rincón-Unigarro, Sofia Nieto-Godoy