Implementación y evaluación de un protocolo preventivo para controlar placa bacteriana en pacientes de ortodoncia / Preventive Educational Protocol for Dental Plaque Control in Orthodontic Patients
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Introducción: La presencia de aparatología oral favorece la acumulación de placa bacteriana. Objetivo: Evaluar un protocolo educativo preventivo para el control de placa en pacientes con aparatología ortodóntica. Método: Se administró el protocolo a 46 pacientes entre los 10 y los 60 años de edad el día anterior a la colocación de aparatología ortodóntica. El protocolo consistió de una presentación de 20 minutos sobre cómo mejorar la higiene oral y un video que reforzaba el mismo mensaje. Se midió el índice de O'Leary inicial y dos meses después de iniciado el tratamiento ortodóntico. Los resultados se compararon de forma pareada, mediante las pruebas de Wilcoxon y T de Student, después de una prueba de la distribución normal mediante la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk (significancia α = 0,05 en todos los casos). Resultados: No se cumplió el supuesto de normalidad (Shapiro-Wilk p > 0,05). La media del índice de O'Leary basal fue 53,60 % (DE ± 3,00 %), con una mediana de 52,1 %. El promedio del índice de O'Leary luego de dos meses de tratamiento ortodóntico fue 35,4 % (DE ± 2,50 %), con una mediana de 32 %. La prueba de Wilcoxon mostró una reducción estadísticamente significativa de la placa bacteriana a los dos meses de iniciado el tratamiento ortodóntico (p = 6,8×10-8). Conclusión: La exposición a una intervención educativa preventiva antes del inicio del tratamiento ortodóntico redujo significativamente la placa bacteriana en el grupo estudiado. Esto puede ser un factor determinante en la reducción de caries, enfermedad periodontal y otras complicaciones.
Introduction: The presence of orthodontic appliances favors dental plaque accumulation. Objective: Evaluate an educational preventive protocol for plaque control in patients under orthodontic treatment. Methods: The educational protocol consisting of a 20-minute presentation on how to improve oral hygiene and a brochure that reinforced the message was administered to 46 patients, ages 10 to 49, the day before the placement of orthodontic devices. The O'Leary plaque index was collected at baseline and two months after the start of the orthodontic treatment. Results were compared in a pairwise fashion using the Wilcoxon and Student's t-test, after testing normal distribution with the Shapiro-Wilk test, at α=0.05 in all cases. Results: The normal distribution assumption was not met (Shapiro-Wilk p>0.05). The baseline O'Leary Index mean was 53.60 % (SD±3.00 %), with a median of 52.1 %. The two-month follow-up O'Leary Index mean was 35.4 % (SD±2.50 %), with a median of 32 %. The Wilcoxon test showed a statistically significant reduction in plaque two months after the preventive educational intervention (p=6.8×10-8). Conclusion: One-time exposure to a short preventive educational intervention before the start of orthodontic treatment significantly reduced plaque in the studied sample, which could play a major role in reducing cavities, periodontal disease, and other complications.
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