Relations between Organizational Culture and Organizational Performance in a Sample of Colombian Companies: Reflections on Using Denison’s Model
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Jun 1, 2010
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Abstract
This article presents the results of research conducted on organizational culture, consisting of two exercises: (1) identifying the minimum elements to be considered when examining which organizational culture model to apply and (2) an exploratory study on the relations between organizational culture and organizational performance using the model created by Denison and his colleagues. First, the article describes how the model can be characterized in the context of studies on culture, the general theoretical framework used, and the results of prior studies. Second, the exploratory study seeks the factorial structure of the culture traits that the model proposes (consistency, involvement, adaptability, and mission) in a sample of Colombian firms and then assesses the hypotheses that relate culture traits and organizational performance indicators. Findings show that the factorial structure does not completely adjust to the expected structure and that only “mission” evidences significant relations to some performance measures. Based on such results, a proposal for future research work on the relation between organizational culture and organizational performance is made.
Keywords
organizational culture, organizational performance, innovation, reproduction of modelscultura organizacional, desempeño, innovación, reproducción de modeloscultura organizacional, desempenho, inovação, reprodução de modelos
References
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Brunsson, N. (1985). The irrational organization. New York: Wiley.
Cameron, K. and Quinn, R. (1999). Diagnosis and changing organizational culture: Based on competing values framework. Reading: Addison Wesley.
Calderón, G. y Naranjo, J. (2007). Perfil cultural de las empresas innovadoras: un estudio de caso en empresas metalmecánicas. Cuadernos de Administración, 20, (34), 161-189.
Cunha, R. and Cooper, C. (2002). Does privatization affect corporate culture and employee wellbeing? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17 (1-2), 21-49.
Daft, R., and Weick. K. (1984). Toward a model of organizations as interpretation systems. Academy of Management Review, 9, 284-295.
Denison, D. (1990). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Denison, D. (1996). What is the difference between organizational culture and organizational climate?: a native's point of view on a decade of paradigms wars. Academy of Management Review, 21 (3), 619-656.
Organizational culture: can it be a key lever for driving organizational change? (2000). Lausanne: International Institute for Management Development.
Mishra, A. (1995). Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness. Organizational Science, 6 (2), 204-223.
Denison, D. and Neale, W. S. (1996). Denison organizational culture survey: facilitator guide. Ann Arbor (MI): Aviat.
Denison, D.; Cho, H. J. and Young, J. (2000). Diagnosing organizational cultures: A model and method. Working paper. Lausanne: International Institute for Management Development.
Denison, D.; Haaland, S. and Goelzer, P. (2003). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness: is there a similar pattern around the word? Advances in Global Leadership, 3, 2005-2227.
Desphande, R.; Farley, J. and Webster, F. (1993). Corporate culture, customer orientation and innovativeness in Japanese firms: a quadrate analysis. Journal of Marketing, 57 (1), 23-37.
Dessler, G. (1998). Management: leading people and organizations in the 21st century. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Fey, C. y Denison, D. (2003). Organizational culture and effectiveness: can American theory be applied in Russia? Organization Science, 14 (6), 686-706.
Feldman, M. (1989). Order without design: Information processing and policy making. Palo Alto (CA): Stanford University Press.
Gelfand, M. J.; Erez, M. and Aycan, Z. (2007). Cross-cultural organizational behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58 (1), 479-514.
Georgsdottir, A. S. and Getz, I. (2004). How flexibility facilitates innovation and ways to manage it in organizations. Creativity and Innovation Management, 13 (3), 166-175.
Gomez, I. and Ricardo, R. (2009). Similarities and differences existing in cultural profiles of Colombian organizations of higher and lower performance. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, XVII (1), 9-24.
Harrison, R. (1972). Understanding your organization's charter. Harvard Business Review, May-June, 119-128.
Hatch, M. J. (1997). Organization theory. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press.
Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture's consequences: international differences in work-related values. London: Sage.
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House, R. J. et al (1999). Cultural influences on leadership and organizations: Project Globe. En W. Mobley (Ed.), Advances in global leadership (2a ed., pp. 171-233). Bingley (UK): Emerald Group Publishing.
Jones, G. (2004). Organizational theory, design, and change: text and Cases. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Pearson-Prentice Hall.
Juran, J. M. (1982). Product quality - a prescription for the West. Quality, 21 (4), 16-26.
Louis, M. (1985). An investigator's guide to workplace cultures: Why, when, and how? En R. Kilmann (Ed.), Managing corporate cultures (pp. 126-136). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
March, J. G. and Sutton, R. I. (1997). Organizational performance as a dependent variable. Organization Science, 8, 698-706.
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Martin, J. (1992). Cultures in organizations: three perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
Organizational culture: mapping the terrain. (2002). New York: Sage.
Martínez, M. y Jiménez, N. (2003). Simens Colombia: división transformadores. En M. Vargas, F. Malaver y A. Zerda (Eds.), La innovación tecnológica en la industria colombiana. Bogotá: CEJA.
Meyer, J. W. and Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structures as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83, 340-363.
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O'Reilly, C. A.; Chatman, J. and Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparisons approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 487-516.
Ogliastri, E., McMillen, C., Arias, M.E., Bustamante, C., Dávila, C., Dorfman, P., de la Coletta, M.F., Fimmen, C., Ickis, J., and Martínez, S. (1999). Cultura and liderazgo organizacional en diez países de América Latina: estudio Globe. Academia. Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 22, 29-57.
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), (1996). Manual de Frascati: medición de actividades científicas y tecnológicas. París: autor.
Ouchi, W. (1981). Theory Z: How American business can meet the Japanese challenge. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
Wilkins, A. L. (1985). Organizational culture. Annual Review of Sociology, 11, 457-483.
Oyserman, D.; Coon, H. M. and Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128 (1), 3-72.
Pettigrew, A. (1979). On studying organizational culture. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 570-581.
Portafolio (2010). Cómo fortalecer las organizaciones. Recuperado el 1 de junio de 2010, de http://www.comunicacionorganizacional.com
Ricardo, R. y Gómez, I. (2008). Perfil cultural y desempeño organizacional en empresas bogotanas. Revista Gestión Pública y Empresarial, 7 (12), 133-158.
Rousseau, J. (1990). Ethnic identity and social life in stratified society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sathe, V. (1985). Culture and related corporate realities: Text, cases, and readings on organizational entry, establishment, and chance. Homewood (IL): Irwin.
Selznick, P. (1957). Leadership and administration. Evanson, IL: Row and Peterson.
Schein, E. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco. Jossey-Bass.
Organizational culture. (1990). American Psychologist, 45, 109-119.
Schneider, B.; Hanges, P. J.; Smith, D. B. and Salvaggio, A. N. (2003). Which come first: employee attitudes or organizational financial and market performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (5), 836-851.
Siehl, C. and Martin, J. (1984). The role of symbolic management: how can managers effectively transmit organizational culture? En J. D. Hunt, D. Hosking, C. Schriesheim and R. Steward (Eds.), Leaders and managers: international perspectives on managerial behavior and leadership pp. 227-239). New York: Pergamon.
Smereck, R. and Denison, D. (2007). Social capital in organizations: understanding the link to firm performance. Documento procedente del Annual Meeting of Academy of Management, Filadelfia, Estados Unidos.
Trice, H. M and Beyer, J. M. (1993). The cultures of work organizations. Englewood Cliffs, (NY): Prentice Hall.
Weick, K. (1991). The vulnerable system: and analysis of Tenerife air disaster. En Frost, P. et al. (Eds.), Reframing organizational culture (pp. 117-130). Newbury Park (CA): Sage.
Brunsson, N. (1985). The irrational organization. New York: Wiley.
Cameron, K. and Quinn, R. (1999). Diagnosis and changing organizational culture: Based on competing values framework. Reading: Addison Wesley.
Calderón, G. y Naranjo, J. (2007). Perfil cultural de las empresas innovadoras: un estudio de caso en empresas metalmecánicas. Cuadernos de Administración, 20, (34), 161-189.
Cunha, R. and Cooper, C. (2002). Does privatization affect corporate culture and employee wellbeing? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17 (1-2), 21-49.
Daft, R., and Weick. K. (1984). Toward a model of organizations as interpretation systems. Academy of Management Review, 9, 284-295.
Denison, D. (1990). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Denison, D. (1996). What is the difference between organizational culture and organizational climate?: a native's point of view on a decade of paradigms wars. Academy of Management Review, 21 (3), 619-656.
Organizational culture: can it be a key lever for driving organizational change? (2000). Lausanne: International Institute for Management Development.
Mishra, A. (1995). Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness. Organizational Science, 6 (2), 204-223.
Denison, D. and Neale, W. S. (1996). Denison organizational culture survey: facilitator guide. Ann Arbor (MI): Aviat.
Denison, D.; Cho, H. J. and Young, J. (2000). Diagnosing organizational cultures: A model and method. Working paper. Lausanne: International Institute for Management Development.
Denison, D.; Haaland, S. and Goelzer, P. (2003). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness: is there a similar pattern around the word? Advances in Global Leadership, 3, 2005-2227.
Desphande, R.; Farley, J. and Webster, F. (1993). Corporate culture, customer orientation and innovativeness in Japanese firms: a quadrate analysis. Journal of Marketing, 57 (1), 23-37.
Dessler, G. (1998). Management: leading people and organizations in the 21st century. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Fey, C. y Denison, D. (2003). Organizational culture and effectiveness: can American theory be applied in Russia? Organization Science, 14 (6), 686-706.
Feldman, M. (1989). Order without design: Information processing and policy making. Palo Alto (CA): Stanford University Press.
Gelfand, M. J.; Erez, M. and Aycan, Z. (2007). Cross-cultural organizational behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58 (1), 479-514.
Georgsdottir, A. S. and Getz, I. (2004). How flexibility facilitates innovation and ways to manage it in organizations. Creativity and Innovation Management, 13 (3), 166-175.
Gomez, I. and Ricardo, R. (2009). Similarities and differences existing in cultural profiles of Colombian organizations of higher and lower performance. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, XVII (1), 9-24.
Harrison, R. (1972). Understanding your organization's charter. Harvard Business Review, May-June, 119-128.
Hatch, M. J. (1997). Organization theory. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press.
Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture's consequences: international differences in work-related values. London: Sage.
House, R. J. and Javidan, M. (2004). Overview of GLOBE. En R. J. House et al. (Eds.), Culture, leadership, and organizations: The Globe study of 62 societies (pp. 9-28). New York: Sage.
House, R. J. et al (1999). Cultural influences on leadership and organizations: Project Globe. En W. Mobley (Ed.), Advances in global leadership (2a ed., pp. 171-233). Bingley (UK): Emerald Group Publishing.
Jones, G. (2004). Organizational theory, design, and change: text and Cases. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Pearson-Prentice Hall.
Juran, J. M. (1982). Product quality - a prescription for the West. Quality, 21 (4), 16-26.
Louis, M. (1985). An investigator's guide to workplace cultures: Why, when, and how? En R. Kilmann (Ed.), Managing corporate cultures (pp. 126-136). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
March, J. G. and Sutton, R. I. (1997). Organizational performance as a dependent variable. Organization Science, 8, 698-706.
March, J. and Olsen, J. (Eds.), (1976). Ambiguity and choice in organizations. Bergen, (Norway): Universitetsforlaget.
Martin, J. (1992). Cultures in organizations: three perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
Organizational culture: mapping the terrain. (2002). New York: Sage.
Martínez, M. y Jiménez, N. (2003). Simens Colombia: división transformadores. En M. Vargas, F. Malaver y A. Zerda (Eds.), La innovación tecnológica en la industria colombiana. Bogotá: CEJA.
Meyer, J. W. and Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structures as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83, 340-363.
Mobley, W. H.; Wang, L. and Fang, K. (2005). Organizational culture: measuring and developing it in your organization. Harvard Business Review China, March, 128-139.
O'Reilly, C. A.; Chatman, J. and Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparisons approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 487-516.
Ogliastri, E., McMillen, C., Arias, M.E., Bustamante, C., Dávila, C., Dorfman, P., de la Coletta, M.F., Fimmen, C., Ickis, J., and Martínez, S. (1999). Cultura and liderazgo organizacional en diez países de América Latina: estudio Globe. Academia. Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 22, 29-57.
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), (1996). Manual de Frascati: medición de actividades científicas y tecnológicas. París: autor.
Ouchi, W. (1981). Theory Z: How American business can meet the Japanese challenge. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
Wilkins, A. L. (1985). Organizational culture. Annual Review of Sociology, 11, 457-483.
Oyserman, D.; Coon, H. M. and Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128 (1), 3-72.
Pettigrew, A. (1979). On studying organizational culture. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 570-581.
Portafolio (2010). Cómo fortalecer las organizaciones. Recuperado el 1 de junio de 2010, de http://www.comunicacionorganizacional.com
Ricardo, R. y Gómez, I. (2008). Perfil cultural y desempeño organizacional en empresas bogotanas. Revista Gestión Pública y Empresarial, 7 (12), 133-158.
Rousseau, J. (1990). Ethnic identity and social life in stratified society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sathe, V. (1985). Culture and related corporate realities: Text, cases, and readings on organizational entry, establishment, and chance. Homewood (IL): Irwin.
Selznick, P. (1957). Leadership and administration. Evanson, IL: Row and Peterson.
Schein, E. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco. Jossey-Bass.
Organizational culture. (1990). American Psychologist, 45, 109-119.
Schneider, B.; Hanges, P. J.; Smith, D. B. and Salvaggio, A. N. (2003). Which come first: employee attitudes or organizational financial and market performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (5), 836-851.
Siehl, C. and Martin, J. (1984). The role of symbolic management: how can managers effectively transmit organizational culture? En J. D. Hunt, D. Hosking, C. Schriesheim and R. Steward (Eds.), Leaders and managers: international perspectives on managerial behavior and leadership pp. 227-239). New York: Pergamon.
Smereck, R. and Denison, D. (2007). Social capital in organizations: understanding the link to firm performance. Documento procedente del Annual Meeting of Academy of Management, Filadelfia, Estados Unidos.
Trice, H. M and Beyer, J. M. (1993). The cultures of work organizations. Englewood Cliffs, (NY): Prentice Hall.
Weick, K. (1991). The vulnerable system: and analysis of Tenerife air disaster. En Frost, P. et al. (Eds.), Reframing organizational culture (pp. 117-130). Newbury Park (CA): Sage.
How to Cite
Martínez Avella, M. E. (2010). Relations between Organizational Culture and Organizational Performance in a Sample of Colombian Companies: Reflections on Using Denison’s Model. Cuadernos De Administración, 23(40). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cao23-40.recd
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