Four-quadrant Characterization of Hydrodynamic Phenomena in a Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump
Published
Oct 12, 2021
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Hernan Dario Bolaños, Msc
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-1861
Francisco Botero, PhD
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5254-1517
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-1861
Francisco Botero, PhD
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5254-1517
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Abstract
Objective: Identify and characterize subsynchronous hydrodynamics phenomena in a low specific speed centrifugal pump based on its four-quadrant characteristic curve. Materials: A 1.5 HP ITT Goulds pump instrumented with pressure transductors, an accelerometer, a torque sensor and a tachometer. Flow rate measurement was done with an ultrasonic transit time clamp-on flow meter. Methods: Time and frequency domain analysis with phase analysis were used to identify spectral components linked to hydrodynamic phenomena such as rotating stall and surge. Results and discussion: This work approaches an alternative method to calculate the phase angle using pressure signals without filtering. Related with hydrodynamic phenomena, the evidence collected suggests the presence of rotating stall in some operation points of the four-quadrant characteristic curve. Furthermore, in the third quadrant, rotating stall coexist with surge. Conclusions: The instrumentation and methods regarded in this work allow to collect evidence to identify in-phase and out of phase subsynchronous hydrodynamic phenomena. The classic cross-correlation-based method was improved to ease the diagnosis of subsynchronous phenomena by visual inspection. A new quantitative approach was introduced to detect subsynchronous phenomena, based on the Fourier analysis; it was validated with a case study for which the classical method was not suitable.
Keywords
Phase analysis, spectral analysis, subsynchronous phenomena, surge, rotating stallanálisis de fase, análisis espectral, fenómenos subsincrónicos, surge, rotating stall
References
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[20] R. T. Knapp, “Complete characteristics of centrifugal pumps and their use in the prediction of transient behavior,” ASME Transac., pp. 683–689. Nov. 1937. Available: https://authors.library.caltech.edu/48235/1/Complete%20Characteristics%20of%20Centrifugal%20Pumps%20and%20Their%20Use%20in%20the%20Prediction%20of%20Transient%20Behavior.pdf
[21] H. Bolaños, “Fenómenos hidrodinámicos periódicos en una bomba centrífuga de baja velocidad específica,” M.S. thesis, Esc. Ing., Universidad Eafit, Medellín, Colombia, 2018. Available: https://repository.eafit.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10784/12998/Hern%E1nDar%EDo_Bola%F1osArias_2018.pdf?sequence=2
[22] R. Best, J. G. C. LaFlamme, and W. C. Moffatt, “Flow measurements in rotating stall in a gas turbine engine compressor,” in Proc. ASME Gas Turbine Aeroeng. Congr., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1988, Art. no. 88-GT-219.
[23] J. Fortin and W. C. Moffatt, “Inlet flow distortion effects on rotating stall,” in Proc. ASME Gas Turbine Aeroeng. Congr. and Expo., Brussels, Belgium, 1990, Art. no. 90-GT-215. Available: https://bit.ly/2W6bDsR
[24] C. E. Brennen, “Pump vibration,” in Hydrodynamics of Pumps, New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2011, pp. 137–171.
[25] X. Escaler, E. Egusquiza, M. Farhat, F. Avellan, and M. Coussirat, “Detection of cavitation in hydraulic turbines,” Mech. Sys. Sig. Process., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 983–1007, May 2006.
[26] R. S. Miskovish and C. E. Brennen, “Some unsteady fluid forces on pump impellers,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 114, no. 4, pp. 632–637, Dec. 1992. Available: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2910078
[27] P. Dörfler et al., “Stability-related unsteady phenomena,” in Flow-induced pulsation and vibration in hydroelectric machinery, London, UK: Springer, 2013, pp. 143–161.
[28] M. Sinha, A. Pinarbasi, and J. Katz, “The flow structure during onset and developed states of rotating stall within a vaned diffuser of a centrifugal pump,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 123, no. 9, pp. 490–499, Sep. 2001. Available: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1374213
[29] C. Widmer, T. Staubli, and N. Ledergerber, “Unstable characteristics and rotating stall in turbine brake operation of pump-turbines,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 133, no. 4, Apr. 2011, Art. no. 041101. Available: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4003874
[2] M. Crespo et al., “Potential energy recovery using micro‐hydropower technology in irrigation networks: Real‐world case studies in the south of Spain,” Proceedings, vol. 2, no. 11, Aug. 2018, Art. no. 679. doi: 10.3390/proceedings2110679
[3] M. Patelis, V. Kanakoudisa, and K. Gonelas, “Pressure management and energy recovery capabilities using PATs,” Proc. Eng., vol. 162, pp. 503–510, Nov. 2016. Available: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjmo7CWycntAhXwdN8KHZnKA08QFjAAegQIARAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.org%2Farticle%2Fn%2F1466062.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0r9fgCYVqRDpRNKPIJWbxe
[4] B. Orchard and S. Klos, “Pumps as turbines for water industry,” World Pumps, pp. 22–23, Aug. 2009. doi: 10.1016/S0262-1762(09)70283-4
[5] A. Morabito and P. Hendrick, “Pump as turbine applied to micro energy storage and smart water grids: A case study,” App. Energy, vol. 241, pp. 567–579, May. 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.018
[6] S. Berten, P. Dupont, L. Fabre, M. Kayal, and F. Avellan, “Experimental investigation of flow instabilities and rotating stall in a high-energy centrifugal pump stage,” in Proc. ASME FEDSM2009, Vail, Colorado, USA, 2009, pp. 505–513. Available: https://doi.org/10.1115/FEDSM2009-78562
[7] J. Day, “Stall, surge, and 75 years of research,” J. Turbomach., vol. 138, Jan. 2016, Art. no. 011001. vailable: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4031473
[8] U. Ullum et al., “Prediction of rotating stall within an impeller of a centrifugal pump based on spectral analysis of pressure and velocity data,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 52, pp. 36–45, 2006. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/52/1/004
[9] V. Hasmatuchi, M. Farhat, S. Roth, F. J. Botero, and F. Avellan, “Experimental evidence of rotating stall in a pump-turbine at off-design conditions in generating mode,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 133, no. 5, May 2011, Art. no. 051104. doi: 10.1115/1.4004088
[10] O. Braun, “Part load flow in radial centrifugal pumps,” Ph.D. thesis, Lab. de Mach. Hyd., EPFL, Lausanne, Suisse, 2009.
[11] F. Botero, V. Hasmatuchi, S. Roth, and M. Farhat, “Non-intrusive detection of rotating stall in pump-turbines,” Mech. Sys. Sig. Process., vol. 48, no. 1-2, pp. 162–173, Oct. 2014.
[12] D. A. Johnson, N. Pedersen, and C. B. Jacobsen, “Measurements of rotating stall inside a centrifugal pump impeller,” in Proc. ASME FEDSM2005, Houston, Texas, USA, 2005, pp.1281–1288. Available: https://doi.org/10.1115/FEDSM2005-77313
[13] Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines-Model acceptance tests, CEI/IEC 60193, 1999.
[14] K. Kaupert and T. Staubli, “The unsteady pressure field in a high specific speed centrifugal pump impeller—Part II: Transient hysteresis in the characteristic,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 121, no. 9, pp. 627–632, Sep. 1999. Available: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2823515
[15] Y. Fu et al., “Numerical and experimental analysis of flow phenomena in a centrifugal pump operating under low flow rates,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 137, no. 1, Jan. 2015, Art. no. 011102. Available: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027142
[16] Lei, C. et al., “Numerical investigation on the rotating stall characteristics in a three-blade centrifugal impeller,” in Proc. IMECE2016, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2016, Art. no. 65794.
[17] N. Zhang, M. Yang, B. Gao, Z. Li, and D. Ni, “Unsteady pressure pulsation and rotating stall characteristics in a centrifugal pump with slope volute,” Adv. Mech. Eng., vol. 6, Feb. 2015, Art. no. 710791. Available: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/710791
[18] NI, “Módulos CompaqRio”. https://www.ni.com/es-co/shop/hardware/compactrio-modules-category.html#
[19] G&L Series SSH-C and SSH-F Installation, Operation and Maintenance Instructions, ITT Goulds Pumps. Available: https://manualsbrain.com/es/manuals/1065761/
[20] R. T. Knapp, “Complete characteristics of centrifugal pumps and their use in the prediction of transient behavior,” ASME Transac., pp. 683–689. Nov. 1937. Available: https://authors.library.caltech.edu/48235/1/Complete%20Characteristics%20of%20Centrifugal%20Pumps%20and%20Their%20Use%20in%20the%20Prediction%20of%20Transient%20Behavior.pdf
[21] H. Bolaños, “Fenómenos hidrodinámicos periódicos en una bomba centrífuga de baja velocidad específica,” M.S. thesis, Esc. Ing., Universidad Eafit, Medellín, Colombia, 2018. Available: https://repository.eafit.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10784/12998/Hern%E1nDar%EDo_Bola%F1osArias_2018.pdf?sequence=2
[22] R. Best, J. G. C. LaFlamme, and W. C. Moffatt, “Flow measurements in rotating stall in a gas turbine engine compressor,” in Proc. ASME Gas Turbine Aeroeng. Congr., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1988, Art. no. 88-GT-219.
[23] J. Fortin and W. C. Moffatt, “Inlet flow distortion effects on rotating stall,” in Proc. ASME Gas Turbine Aeroeng. Congr. and Expo., Brussels, Belgium, 1990, Art. no. 90-GT-215. Available: https://bit.ly/2W6bDsR
[24] C. E. Brennen, “Pump vibration,” in Hydrodynamics of Pumps, New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2011, pp. 137–171.
[25] X. Escaler, E. Egusquiza, M. Farhat, F. Avellan, and M. Coussirat, “Detection of cavitation in hydraulic turbines,” Mech. Sys. Sig. Process., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 983–1007, May 2006.
[26] R. S. Miskovish and C. E. Brennen, “Some unsteady fluid forces on pump impellers,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 114, no. 4, pp. 632–637, Dec. 1992. Available: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2910078
[27] P. Dörfler et al., “Stability-related unsteady phenomena,” in Flow-induced pulsation and vibration in hydroelectric machinery, London, UK: Springer, 2013, pp. 143–161.
[28] M. Sinha, A. Pinarbasi, and J. Katz, “The flow structure during onset and developed states of rotating stall within a vaned diffuser of a centrifugal pump,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 123, no. 9, pp. 490–499, Sep. 2001. Available: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1374213
[29] C. Widmer, T. Staubli, and N. Ledergerber, “Unstable characteristics and rotating stall in turbine brake operation of pump-turbines,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 133, no. 4, Apr. 2011, Art. no. 041101. Available: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4003874
How to Cite
Bolaños, H. D., & Botero, F. (2021). Four-quadrant Characterization of Hydrodynamic Phenomena in a Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump. Ingenieria Y Universidad, 25. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.iued25.fchp
Section
Industrial and systems engineering
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