Abstract
In this paper we present several numerical tests on reaction-diffusion equations in the space of Turing, under the Schnakenberg reaction mechanism. The tests were performed on 2D unit square, to which is imposed on random initial conditions and Neumann zero on the boundary. The parameters that define the behavior of the equations are modeled as stochastic fields, specifically, are used: the diffusion and reactive parameters as values of random type. Thus, combines the standard method of finite element Newton-Raphson with the finite element method spectral stochastic. The parameters of each equation described by Karhunen-Loève expansion, while the unknown is represented by the expansion of the polynomials of chaos. The objective of this article is to obtain the patterns of each coefficient of the polynomial chaos expansion. The results show the versatility of the method to solve different physical problems. Furthermore, it achieves statistical description of the solution. The results (for the unknown coefficients stochastic) show bands complex patterns and mixing points, which can not be predicted from the dynamics of the system.
BABUSKA, I.; IHLENBURG, F.; PAIK, E. et al. A generalized finite element method for solving the Helmholtz equation in two dimensions with minimal pollution. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 1995, vol. 128, pp. 325-359.
BALKAREI, Y.; GRIGORYANTS, A. y RHZANOV, Y. et al. Regenerative oscillations, spatial-temporal single pulses and static inhomogeneous structures in optically bitable semiconductors. Optics Communications. 1988, vol. 66, pp. 161-166.
BAURMANNA, M.; GROSS, T. y FEUDEL, U. Instabilities in spatially extended predator–prey systems: Spatio-temporal patterns in the neighborhood of Turing–Hopf bifurcations. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2007, vol. 245, pp. 220-229.
CHAPLAIN, M.; GANESH, M. y GRAHAM, I. Spatio-temporal pattern formation on spherical surfaces: Numerical simulation and application to solid tumor growth. Journal of Mathematical Biology. 2001, vol. 42, núm. 5, pp. 387-423.
CRAUSTE, F.; LHASSAN, M. y KACHA, A. A delay reaction-diffusion model of the dynamics of botulinum in fish. Mathematical Biosciences. 2008, vol. 216, pp. 17-29.
FERRAGUT, L.; ASENSIO, M. y MONEDERO, S. A numerical method for solving convection–reaction–diffusion multivalued equations in fire spread modelling. Advances in Engineering Software. 2007, vol. 38, pp. 366-371.
FERREIRA, S.; MARTINS, M. y VILELA, M. Reaction-diffusion model for the growth of avascular tumor. Physical Review. 2002, vol. 65, núm. 2, pp. 1-8.
FREDERIK, H.; MAINI, P.; MADZVAMUSE, A. et al. Pigmentation pattern formation in butterflies: experiments and models. C. R. Biologies. 2003, vol. 326, pp. 717-727.
GARCÍA-AZNAR, J.; KUIPER, J. y GÓMEZ-BENITO, M. et al. Computational simulation of fracture healing: Influence of interfragmentary movement on the callus growth. Journal of Biomechanics. 2007, vol. 40, núm. 7, pp. 1467-1476.
GARZÓN, D. “Simulación de procesos de reacción-difusión: Aplicación a la morfogénesis del tejido óseo”. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Zaragoza. 2007.
GARZÓN-ALVARADO, D.; GARCÍA-AZNAR, J. y DOBLARÉ M. Appearance and location of secondary ossification centres may be explained by a reaction-diffusion mechanism. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 2009, vol. 39, pp. 554-561.
HIRAYAMA, O. y TAKAKI, R. Thermal convection of a fluid with temperature-dependent viscosity. Fluid Dynamics Research. 1988, vol. 12, núm. 1, pp. 35-47.
KONDO, S. y ASAI, R. A reaction-diffusion wave on the skin of the marine anglefish, Pomacanthus. Nature. 1995, vol. 376, pp. 765-768.
KRINSKY, V. I. Self-organization: Auto-waves and structures far from equilibrium. Berlín: Editorial Springer, 1984.
LIR, J. y LIN, T. Visualization of roll patterns in Rayleigh-Bénard convection of air in rectangular shallow cavity. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2001, vol. 44, pp. 2889-2902.
MADZVAMUSE, A. “A numerical approach to the study of spatial pattern formation”. Tesis doctoral. Oxford University. UK. 2000.
MADZVAMUSE, A. A Numerical approach to the study of spatial pattern formation in the ligaments of arcoid bivalves. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. 2002, vol. 64, pp. 501-530.
MADZVAMUSE, A.; WATHEN, A. y MAINI, P. A moving grid finite element method applied to a model biological pattern generator. Journal of Computational Physics. 2003, vol. 190, pp. 478-500.
MEI, Z. Numerical bifurcation analysis for reaction-diffusion equations. Berlín: Springer Verlag, 2000.
NOZAKURA, T. y IKEUCHI, S. Formation of dissipative structures in galaxies. Astrophys Journal. 1984, vol. 279, pp. 40-52.
RICHTER, O. Modelling dispersal of populations and genetic information by finite element methods. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2008, vol. 23, núm. 2, pp. 206-214.
ROSSI, F.; RISTORI, S. y RUSTICI, M. et al. Dynamics of pattern formation in biomimetic systems. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2008, vol. 255, pp. 404-412.
ROTHSCHILD, B. y AULT, J. Population-dynamic instability as a cause of patch structure. Ecological Modelling. 1996, vol. 93, pp. 237-239.
SMITH, R. Optimal and near-optimal advection-diffusion finite-difference schemes iii. Black-Scholes equation. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2000, vol. 456, pp. 1019-1028.
YI, F.; WEI, J. y SHI, J. Bifurcation and spatio-temporal patterns in a homogeneous diffusive predator–prey system. Journal of Differential Equations. 2009, vol. 246, núm. 5, pp. 1944-1977.
ZHANG, L. y LIU, S. Stability and pattern formation in a coupled arbitrary order of autocatalysis system. Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2009, vol. 33, pp. 884-896.
This journal is registered under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. Thus, this work may be reproduced, distributed, and publicly shared in digital format, as long as the names of the authors and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana are acknowledged. Others are allowed to quote, adapt, transform, auto-archive, republish, and create based on this material, for any purpose (even commercial ones), provided the authorship is duly acknowledged, a link to the original work is provided, and it is specified if changes have been made. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana does not hold the rights of published works and the authors are solely responsible for the contents of their works; they keep the moral, intellectual, privacy, and publicity rights.
Approving the intervention of the work (review, copy-editing, translation, layout) and the following outreach, are granted through an use license and not through an assignment of rights. This means the journal and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana cannot be held responsible for any ethical malpractice by the authors. As a consequence of the protection granted by the use license, the journal is not required to publish recantations or modify information already published, unless the errata stems from the editorial management process. Publishing contents in this journal does not generate royalties for contributors.