Palabras clave
Cricondenterma
Tubería de gas natural
Regulación colombiana
Simulación
Tubería de gas natural
Regulación colombiana
Simulación
Cómo citar
Evaluación técnica para la propuesta de un límite diferente en la cricondenterma para la costa caribe dentro de la regulación colombiana de gas. (2018). Ingenieria Y Universidad, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.iyu22-2.pacg
Resumen
Introducción: La cricondenterma es la temperatura más alta en la cual la fase líquida no se puede formar independientemente de la presión. De acuerdo a la regulación colombiana de transporte de gas natural, no se debe exceder los 7.2°C. Aunque esta restricción es actualmente aplicada en todo el país, es posible proponer un límite diferente para para la costa caribe colombiana. Métodos: En este documento, se analizan los límites actuales de Punto de Rocío de Hidrocarburos (PRH) para gasoductos en varios países del mundo, se revisan las condiciones climáticas de la costa caribe colombiana, y se desarrolla un estudio termodinámico e hidráulico, tomando en cuenta la composición del gas (antes de cualquier tratamiento) para 3 campos de la costa caribe, el perfil de elevación de uno de los gasoductos de la costa caribe y la influencia de las condiciones climáticas en el comportamiento del gas en la tubería. Resultados: Se encontró que algunos países definen su PRH dependiendo de la región donde se transporte el gas. Las simulaciones del gasoducto seleccionado con gases pobres sin ningún tratamiento previo en las peores condiciones ambientales de la costa caribe colombiana muestran que existe una ligera condensación de líquido a 21 ° C, mostrando una brecha con las regulaciones actuales (7.2 ° C) en las cuales se podría proponer una cricondenterma máxima adicional para la costa caribe colombiana. Conclusiones: Se concluye que una nueva cricondenterma para climas cálidos colombianos en la regulación de trasporte actual debería estar entre 10 y 12,8 °C. La propuesta se basa en los resultados obtenidos en simulaciones y que varios de los gasoductos colombianos operan solo en regiones cálidas de Colombia
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[2] W. Mazyan , A. Ahmadi , H. Ahmed and M. Hoorfar, "Market and technology assessment of natural gas processing: A review," JNGSE, vol. 30, pp. 487-514, Mar 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.02.010
[3] A. Kidnay, W. Parrish and D. G. McCartney, Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing. Boca Raton, FL, US: CRC Press, 2011.
[4] L. Aniefiok and O. Boniface, "A new approach of splitting C6+ composition of pipeline gas for hydrocarbon dew point determination," J Petrol Explor Prod Technol, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 201–207, Jun 2014. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-013-0073-y
[5] E. Skylogianni, N. Novak, V. Louli, G. Pappa, C. Boukouvalas, S. Skouras, E. Solbraa and E. Voutsas, "Measurement and prediction of dew points of six natural gases," Fluid Phase Equilibria, vol. 424, pp. 8-15, Sep 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2015.08.025
[6] D. Galatro and F. Marín, "Considerations for the Dew Point Calculation in Rich Natural Gas,"JNGSE, vol. 18, pp. 112-119, May 2014. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2014.02.002
[7] Economic Regulation Authority, "Gas Exchangeability in Western Australia. Gas quality specifications of interconnected pipeline systems," 2007. [Online]. Available: https://www.erawa.com.au/cproot/6284/2/20071220%20Gas%20Exchangeability%20in%20Western%20Australia%20-%20Gas%20Quality%20Specifications%20of%20Interconnected%20Pipeline%20Systems.pdf.
[8] O. Karpash , I. Darvay and M. Karpash, "New approach to natural gas quality determination," J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., vol. 71, No. 3-4, pp. 133–137, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2009.12.012
[9] Ministerio de Minas y Energía-UPME, "Plan Indicativo de Abastecimiento de Gas Natural," Mar., 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www1.upme.gov.co/Hidrocarburos/publicaciones/Plan_Indicativo_Gas_Natural_2015.pdf, Accessed on: Feb 4, 2016].
[10] Ministerio de Minas y Energía-UPME, "Plan transitorio de Abastecimiento de gas natural," Nov. 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www1.upme.gov.co/Hidrocarburos/publicaciones/Plan_Transitorio_Abastecimiento_Gas_Natural.pdf. , Accessed on: Dec 4, 2017.
[11] Promigas, "Informe del Sector Gas Natural 2017-Cifras 2016," 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.promigas.com/Es/Noticias/Documents/Informe-Sector-Gas/Informe%20del%20Sector%20Gas%20Natural%20Colombia%202017.pdf , Accessed on: Dec 10, 2017.
[12] M. Díaz, C. Jiménez and C. Roa, "A novel absorption process for small-scale natural gas dew point control and dehydration,"JNGSE, vol. 29, pp. 8-15, Feb 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.01.016
[13] S. Sanaye and J. Mahmoudimehr, "Optimal design of a natural gas transmission network layout," ChERD, vol. 91, no. 12, pp. 2465–2476, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2013.04.005
[14] C. A. Pineda, O. A. Arenas and N. Santos, "Evaluación del potencial de condensación de fluidos hidrocarburos en el sistema nacional de gasoductos: planteamiento de esquemas de operación adecuados," CT&F, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 191-202, 2007. [Online]. Available: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/ctyf/v3n3/v3n3a13.pdf
[15] Colombia, Comisión de Regulación de Energía y Gas, Resolución 054. [Online]. Available: http://apolo.creg.gov.co/Publicac.nsf/Indice01/Resoluci%C3%B3n-2007-CREG054-2007
[16] Departamento de Investigaciones Económicas - Banco de la República, (1992). Colombia: Reseña de su Estructura Económica. Bogotá: Banco de la República de Colombia.
[17] IDEAM, "Sistema de Información para Colombia SIAC," 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/ecosistemas/sistema-informacion-colombia-siac , Accessed on: Aug 1, 2015.
[18] Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis, Resolução ANP No. 16. [Online]. Available: http://www.scgas.com.br/uploads/editores/20100720165420.pdf., Accessed on: Jun 25, 2015.
[19] Venezuela, Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Energía y el Petróleo, Resolución No. 162, Normas Técnicas Aplicables para el Aseguramiento de la Calidad del Gas en Sistema de Transporte y Distribución
[20] Specification for General Purpose Natural Gas - Victoria Australian Standard AS 4564, 2011.
[21] Australia, Minister for Energy. (2010, Mar 27). Gas Supply (Gas Quality Specifications) Act 2009. [Online]. Available: https://www.slp.wa.gov.au/pco/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_17697.pdf/$FILE/Gas%20Supply%20(Gas%20Quality%20Specifications)%20Act%202009%20-%20%5B00-b0-07%5D.pdf?OpenElement
[22] P. Ziff, "Natural Gas Finding Itself Under Siege," Pipeline & Gas Journal, pp. 32-35, 2012.
[23] D. L. George, "Development of accurate methods for predicting hydrocarbon dew points," South West Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, US, 2007. [Online]. Available: https://www.bsee.gov/sites/bsee.gov/files/tap-technical-assessment-program//534aa.pdf
[24] K. Ernst and D. Pettigrew, "Hydrocarbon Dew Point Monitoring Of Natural Gas Using Field-Mounted On-Line Gas Chromatographs," Pipeline & Gas Journal, pp. 43-45, 2005.
[25] T. Dustman, J. Drenker, D. Bergman and J. Bullin, "Analysis and prediction of hydrocarbon dew points and liquids in gas transmission lines," Digital Refining, Mar 2006. [Online]. Available: http://www.digitalrefining.com/article/1000437, Analysis_and_prediction of_hydrocarbon_dew_points_and_liquids_in_gas_transmission_lines.html#.W88tqWhKjIU
[26] M. Atilhan, S. Aparicio, S. Ejaz, J. Zhou, M. Al-Marri, J. Holste and K. Hall, "Thermodynamic characterization of deepwater natural gas mixtures with heavy hydrocarbon content at high pressures," JCT, vol. 82, pp. 134 - 142, Mar 2015. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2014.10.018
[27] S. Valiollahi, B. Kavianpour, S. Raeissi and M. Moshfeghian, "A new Peng-Robinson modification to enhance dew point estimations of natural gases," JNGSE, vol. 34, pp. 1137-1147, Aug 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.07.049
[28] B. Kavianpour, A. Shariati and M. Moshfeghian, "Thermodynamic investigation and hydrate inhibition of real gas flow through orifice during depressurization." Process Saf. Environ. Prot., Vol. 92, No. 3, pp. 224-230, May 2014.
[29] M. Farzaneh-Gord, H. R. Rahbari, M. Bajelan and L. Pilehvari, "Investigation of hydrate formation in natural gas flow through underground transmission pipeline," JNGSE, Vol. 15, pp. 27-37, Nov 2013. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2013.09.001
[30] D. L. George, A. M. Barajas and R. C. Burkey, "The Need For Accurate Hydrocarbon Dew Point Determination," Pipeline & Gas Journal, pp. 32-36, Sep 2005. [Online]. Available: https://naesb.org/pdf2/wgq_bps011206w1.pdf
[31] Kh. Nasrifar, O. Bolland and M. Moshfeghian, "Predicting Natural Gas Dew Points from 15 Equations of State.," Energy Fuels, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 561-572, Feb 2005. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1021/ef0498465
[32] A. Shariati, E. Straver, L. Florusse and C. Peters, "Experimental phase behavior study of a five-component model gas condensate," Fluid Phase Equilibria, Vol. 362, pp. 147-150, Jan 2014. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2013.09.041
[33] D-Yu. Peng and D. Robinson, "A New Two-Constant Equation of State," Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund., Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.59-64, 1976. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1021/i160057a011
[34] A. M. Roca and G. J. Perez, Geografía física y poblamiento en la costa Caribe colombiana, Doc. de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana No. 73. Bogotá, Colombia: BanRep-CEER, 2006. [Online]. Available: http://www.banrep.gov.co/sites/default/files/publicaciones/archivos/DTSER-73.pdf
[35] Google, "Evaluated gas pipeline location in Google Maps," 2017. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/maps/bYEoBrU7iT12. Accessed on: Dec 10, 2017.
[36] H. Zhang and C. Sarica, "Low liquid loading gas/liquid pipe flow," JNGSE, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp.413-422, May 2011. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2011.03.001
[37] S. Akintola, J. Akpabio and M. Onuegbu, "Pressure Gradient Prediction of Multiphase Flow in Pipes," Brit. J.App. Sci. Technol., Vol. 4, No. 35, pp. 4945-4958, Dec 2014. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2014/12985
[38] D. H. Beggs and J. P. Brill, "A Study of Two-Phase Flow in Inclined Pipes," J. Petrol. Technol., Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 607-617, May 1973. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.2118/4007-PA
[39] G. A. Payne, C. M. Palmer, J. P. Brill and H. D. Beggs, "Evaluation of Inclined Pipe, Two-Phase Liquid Holdup and Pressure-Loss Correlations using Experimental Data," J. Petrol. Technol., Vol. 31, No. 9, Sep 1979. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.2118/6874-PA
[40] A. Oosterkamp, J. Helgaker and T. Ytrehus, "Modelling of Natural Gas Pipe Flow with Rapid Transients-Case Study of Effect of Ambient Model," Energy Procedia, 3Vol. 64, TGTC-3 Sp. Issue, pp. 101-110, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.01.013
[41] O. Farouki, "Thermal Properties of Soil," Crrel Monograph 81-1, US Army., 1981.
[42] C. Tzanos, "Predictions of the Heat Transfer Coefficient by Correlations and Turbulence Models," Nuclear Technol., Vol. 183, No. 1, pp. 88-100, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.13182/NT13-A16994
[43] M. Makhmalbaf, "Experimental study on convective heat transfer coefficient around a vertical hexagonal rod bundle," Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, pp. 1023–1029, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00231-011-0951-0.pdf
[44] Aspen Technology Inc., "Aspen HYSYS Property Packages," Aspen Process Engineering Webinar, 2006.
[45] M. E. Voulgaris, C. J. Peters and J. de Swaan Arons, "On the retrograde condensation behavior of lean natural gas," Int J Thermophys, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 629–642, May 1995. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01438848
[46] BP-IGU, Guidebook to Gas Interchangeability and Gas Quality, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/node-page-field_file/Guidebook%20to%20Gas%20Interchangeability%20and%20Gas%20Quality%2C%20August%202011.pdf. Accessed: Dec 1, 2017
[47] P. Hamersma and J. Hart, "A pressure drop correlation for gas/liquid pipe flow with a small liquid holdup," Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 1187-1196, 1987. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(87)80068-4
[48] M. Adewuni, L. Mucharan and R. Watson. Field Study and Modeling of Condensation in Gas Distribution Pipeline. Presented at Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, San Antonio, TX, Oct 8-11, , 1989.
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