Time in the central area of the elevated plusmaze correlates with impulsivity-related measures during an operant task
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may 18, 2017
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Resumen
Impulsivity-related measures have been obtained using operant conditioning tasks. Although it has been suggested that impulsivity indices can also be obtained using the elevated plus-maze (EPM), an anxiety-related animal test, no studies have examined the relationship between anxiety-related variables in EPM and impulsivity-related indices obtained during operant conditioning. Correlations between EPM measures and performance in a 60-s fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement (FI 60s) were established in this study. Twenty-four female rats were exposed to the EPM before starting training in the FI 60-s schedule. A positive correlation was found between the percentage of time spent in the central area of the EPM and both the FI efficiency index and the inter-response times. In addition, these three measures were positively correlated within Factor 1 of a factor analysis. No correlations were observed between open-arms measures in EPM and operant performance. These results suggest that time in the central area of the EPM may be a useful index of impulsivity in rodents without a pre-determined trait of impulsivity.
Keywords
Anxiety, elevated plus-maze, impulsivity, operant conditioning, rats.Ansiedad, condicionamiento operante, impulsividad, laberinto en cruz elevado, ratas
References
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Binder, E., Droste, S. K., Ohl, F., & Reul, J. M. H. M. (2004). Regular voluntary exercise reduces anxiety-related behaviour and impulsiveness in mice. Behavioural Brain Research, 155(2), 197-206. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2004.04.017
Carobrez, A. P., & Bertoglio, L. J. (2005). Ethological and temporal analyses of anxiety-like behavior: the elevated plus-maze model 20 years on. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29(8), 1193-1205. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.04.017
Colorado, R. A., Shumake, J., Conejo, N. M., Gonzalez-Pardo, H., & Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2006). Effects of maternal separation, early handling, and standard facility rearing on orienting and impulsive behavior of adolescent rats. Behavioural Processes, 71(1), 51-58. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2005.09.007
Cruz, A. P., Frei, F., & Graeff, F. G. (1994). Ethopharmacological analysis of rat behavior on the elevated plus-maze. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 49(1), 171-176.
Dellu-Hagedorn, F. (2006). Relationship between impulsivity, hyperactivity and working memory: a differential analysis in the rat. Behavioral and Brain Functions: BBF, 2, 10. http://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-10
Ferguson, S. A., & Gray, E. P. (2005). Aging effects on elevated plus maze behavior in spontaneously hypertensive, Wistar-Kyoto and Sprague-Dawley male and female rats. Physiology & Behavior, 85(5), 621-628. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.06.009
Fernandes, C., & File, S. E. (1996). The influence of open arm ledges and maze experience in the elevated plus-maze. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 54(1), 31-40.
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Rico, J. L., Penagos-Gil, M., Castañeda, A. F., & Corredor, K. (2016). Gerbils exhibit stable open-arms exploration across repeated testing on the elevated plus-maze. Behavioural Processes, 122, 104-109. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2015.11.017
Rodgers, R. J., & Johnson, N. J. (1995). Factor analysis of spatiotemporal and ethological measures in the murine elevated plus-maze test of anxiety. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 52(2), 297-303.
Sagvolden, T. (2000). Behavioral validation of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24(1), 31-39.
Sorregotti, T., Mendes-Gomes, J., Rico, J. L., Rodgers, R. J., & Nunes-de-Souza, R. L. (2013). Ethopharmacological analysis of the open elevated plus-maze in mice. Behavioural Brain Research, 246, 76-85. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2013.02.035
Ueno, K. –., Togashi, H., Mori, K., Matsumoto, M., Ohashi, S., Hoshino, A., … Yoshioka, M. (2002). Behavioural and pharmacological relevance of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats as an animal model of a developmental disorder. Behavioural Pharmacology, 13(1), 1-13.
Wall, P. M., & Messier, C. (2001). Methodological and conceptual issues in the use of the elevated plus-maze as a psychological measurement instrument of animal anxiety-like behavior. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 25(3), 275-286.
Winstanley, C. A. (2011). The utility of rat models of impulsivity in developing pharmacotherapies for impulse control disorders. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164(4), 1301-1321. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01323.x .
Berger, D. F., & Sagvolden, T. (1998). Sex differences in operant discrimination behaviour in an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behavioural Brain Research, 94(1), 73-82.
Binder, E., Droste, S. K., Ohl, F., & Reul, J. M. H. M. (2004). Regular voluntary exercise reduces anxiety-related behaviour and impulsiveness in mice. Behavioural Brain Research, 155(2), 197-206. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2004.04.017
Carobrez, A. P., & Bertoglio, L. J. (2005). Ethological and temporal analyses of anxiety-like behavior: the elevated plus-maze model 20 years on. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29(8), 1193-1205. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.04.017
Colorado, R. A., Shumake, J., Conejo, N. M., Gonzalez-Pardo, H., & Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2006). Effects of maternal separation, early handling, and standard facility rearing on orienting and impulsive behavior of adolescent rats. Behavioural Processes, 71(1), 51-58. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2005.09.007
Cruz, A. P., Frei, F., & Graeff, F. G. (1994). Ethopharmacological analysis of rat behavior on the elevated plus-maze. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 49(1), 171-176.
Dellu-Hagedorn, F. (2006). Relationship between impulsivity, hyperactivity and working memory: a differential analysis in the rat. Behavioral and Brain Functions: BBF, 2, 10. http://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-10
Ferguson, S. A., & Gray, E. P. (2005). Aging effects on elevated plus maze behavior in spontaneously hypertensive, Wistar-Kyoto and Sprague-Dawley male and female rats. Physiology & Behavior, 85(5), 621-628. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.06.009
Fernandes, C., & File, S. E. (1996). The influence of open arm ledges and maze experience in the elevated plus-maze. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 54(1), 31-40.
Gross, C., Zhuang, X., Stark, K., Ramboz, S., Oosting, R., Kirby, L., … Hen, R. (2002). Serotonin1A receptor acts during development to establish normal anxiety-like behaviour in the adult. Nature, 416(6879), 396-400. http://doi.org/10.1038/416396a
Hankosky, E. R., & Gulley, J. M. (2013). Performance on an impulse control task is altered in adult rats exposed to amphetamine during adolescence. Developmental Psychobiology, 55(7), 733-744. http://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21067
Kirkpatrick, K., Marshall, A. T., Clarke, J., & Cain, M. E. (2013). Environmental rearing effects on impulsivity and reward sensitivity. Behavioral Neuroscience, 127(5), 712-724. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0034124
Kishikawa, Y., Kawahara, Y., Yamada, M., Kaneko, F., Kawahara, H., & Nishi, A. (2014). The spontaneously hypertensive rat/Izm (SHR/Izm) shows attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors but without impulsive behavior: therapeutic implications of low-dose methylphenidate. Behavioural Brain Research, 274, 235-242. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.026
Langen, B., & Dost, R. (2011). Comparison of SHR, WKY and Wistar rats in different behavioural animal models: effect of dopamine D1 and alpha2 agonists. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 3(1), 1-12. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-010-0034-y
Munn, R. G. K., & McNaughton, N. (2008). Effects of fluoxetine on hippocampal rhythmic slow activity and behavioural inhibition. Behavioural Pharmacology, 19(3), 257-264. http://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0b013e3282ff1300
Pawlak, C. R., Karrenbauer, B. D., Schneider, P., & Ho, Y.-J. (2012). The elevated plus-maze test: differential psychopharmacology of anxiety-related behavior. Emotion Review, 4(1), 98-115. http://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911421374
Perry, G. M. L., Sagvolden, T., & Faraone, S. V. (2010). Intraindividual variability (IIV) in an animal model of ADHD - the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Behavioral and Brain Functions: BBF, 6, 56. http://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-6-56
Riaño-Hernández, D., Guillen, A., & Buela-Casal, G. (2015). Conceptualización y evaluación de la impulsividad en adolescentes: una revisión sistemática. Universitas Psychologica, 14(3), 1077-1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy14-3.ceia
Rico, J. L., Penagos-Gil, M., Castañeda, A. F., & Corredor, K. (2016). Gerbils exhibit stable open-arms exploration across repeated testing on the elevated plus-maze. Behavioural Processes, 122, 104-109. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2015.11.017
Rodgers, R. J., & Johnson, N. J. (1995). Factor analysis of spatiotemporal and ethological measures in the murine elevated plus-maze test of anxiety. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 52(2), 297-303.
Sagvolden, T. (2000). Behavioral validation of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24(1), 31-39.
Sorregotti, T., Mendes-Gomes, J., Rico, J. L., Rodgers, R. J., & Nunes-de-Souza, R. L. (2013). Ethopharmacological analysis of the open elevated plus-maze in mice. Behavioural Brain Research, 246, 76-85. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2013.02.035
Ueno, K. –., Togashi, H., Mori, K., Matsumoto, M., Ohashi, S., Hoshino, A., … Yoshioka, M. (2002). Behavioural and pharmacological relevance of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats as an animal model of a developmental disorder. Behavioural Pharmacology, 13(1), 1-13.
Wall, P. M., & Messier, C. (2001). Methodological and conceptual issues in the use of the elevated plus-maze as a psychological measurement instrument of animal anxiety-like behavior. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 25(3), 275-286.
Winstanley, C. A. (2011). The utility of rat models of impulsivity in developing pharmacotherapies for impulse control disorders. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164(4), 1301-1321. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01323.x .
Cómo citar
Rico, J. L., Hurtado-Parrado, C., Vásquez-Sepúlveda, J., Fonseca, J., & Cardona, Ángelo. (2017). Time in the central area of the elevated plusmaze correlates with impulsivity-related measures during an operant task. Universitas Psychologica, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy15-5.tcae
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