Palabras clave
gestión de dieta
ansiedad competitiva
deportes de combate
Cómo citar
Resumen
El control del peso en deportes de contacto implica un estrés adicional para los competidores, principalmente cuando las estrategias para bajar de peso son inadecuadas. El presente estudio analiza si un plan adecuado de dieta puede disminuir la ansiedad en los competidores. El cuestionario validado CSAI-2 fue utilizado antes y después del control de peso en judo, karate y taekwondo, competidores de ambos sexos siguieron una dieta libre y fueron contrastados con otros que siguieron un plan de dieta. Los resultados indicaron que la intensidad de la ansiedad somática y cognitiva antes del evento de pre peso, fue menor en hombres y mujeres que siguieron una dieta controlada. Respecto al género, no se identificaron diferencias en la intensidad y direccionalidad de la ansiedad entre individuos que siguieron una dieta libre en el evento de pre peso. Respecto al deporte, los practicantes de judo y taekwondo presentaron mayor ansiedad somática y cognitiva que los competidores de karate. En general, el control correcto del correspondiente peso durante de la temporada de deporte disminuye la ansiedad e incrementa la autoconfianza, permitiendo que los participantes se focalicen en los objetivos de la competencia.
Abrahamsen, F. A., Roberts, G. C., & Pensgaard, A. M. (2008). Achievement goals and gender effects on multidimensional anxiety in national elite sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9, 449‐464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.06.005
Ainsworth, B. E., Haskell, W. L., Whitt, M. C., Irwin, M. L., Swartz, A. M., Strath, S. J., … Leon, A. S. (2000). Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, S498-S504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009
Andrade, E. M., Lois, G., & Arce, C. (2007). Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del inventario de ansiedad competitiva CSAI-2R en deportistas [Psycometrist properties of the spanish version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory CSAI-2R in sportmen]. Psicothema, 19, 150-155. Retrieved from http://www.psicothema.com/busquedas.asp
Arnold, R., & Fletcher, D. (2012). A research synthesis and taxonomic classification of the organizational stressors encountered by sport performers. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34, 397-429.
Baum, A. (2006). Eating disorders in the male athlete. Sports Medicine, 36, 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/0007256-200636010-00001
Brunet, J., & Sabiston, C. M. (2008). Social physique anxiety and physical activity: A selfdetermination theory perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 329–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.11.002
Burd, N. A., Tang, J. E., Moore, D. R., & Phillips, S. M. (2009). Exercise training and protein metabolism: influences of contraction, protein intake, and sex-based differences. Journal of Applied Physiology, 106, 1692-1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91351.2008
Cerin, E. (2004). Predictors of competitive anxiety direction in male taekwondo practitioners: a multilevel mixed idiographic/nomothetic interactional approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 497–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(03)00041-4
Cheng, W. N., Hardy, L., & Markland, D. (2009). Toward a three‐dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety: Rationale and initial measurement development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 271‐278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.08.001
Cheng, W. N., Hardy, L., & Woodman, T. (2011). Predictive validity of a three-dimensional model of performance anxiety in the context of taekwondo. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33, 40-53.
Coufalová, K., Prokešová, E., Malý, T., & Heller, J. (2013). Body weight reduction in combat sports. Archives of Budo 9(4), 267-272. Retrieved from http://archbudo.com
Cox, R. H., Martens, M. P., & Russell, W. D. (2003). Measuring anxiety in athletics: The revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(4), 519-533. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/jsep
Englert, C., & Bertrams, A. (2012). Anxiety, ego depletion, and sports performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34(5), 580-599. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/jsep
Filaire, E., Rouveix, M., Pannafieux, C., & Ferrand, C. (2007). Eating attitudes, perfectionism and body-esteem of elite male judoists and cyclists. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6(1), 50-57. Retrieved from http://www.jssm.org
Franchini, E., Brito, C. J., & Artioli, G. (2012). Weight loss in combat sports : physiological, psychological and performance effects. Journal of the International Society of sports Nutrition, 9, 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-52
Franklin, Z. C., Smith, N. C., & Holmes, P. S. (2015). Anxiety symptom interpretation and performance expectations in high-anxious, low anxious, defensive high-anxious and repressor individuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 27-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.040
Gaudreau, P., Blondin, J. P., & Lapierre, A. M. (2002). Athletes’ coping during competition: relationship of coping strategies with positive affect, negative affect, and performance-goal discrepancy. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 125-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(01)00015-2
Gould, D., Greenleaf, C., & Krane, V. (2002). The arousal‐athletic performance relationship: Current status and future directions. In T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology. (2nd ed) (pp. 207-241). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Graham, T. R., Kowalski, K. C., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2002). The contributions of goal characteristics and causal attributions to emotional experience in youth sport participants. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 273-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(01)00006-1
Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). Perceived control of anxiety and its relationship to self-confidence and performance. Research Quaterly for Exercise and Sport, 73, 87-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2002.10608995
Hanton, S., Neil, R., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2008). Recent developments in competitive anxiety direction and competition stress research. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1, 45-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17509840701827445
Hanton, S., Thomas, O., & Maynard, I. (2004). Competitive anxiety responses in the week leading up to competition: the role of intensity, direction and frequency dimensions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 169–181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00042-0
Hill, D. M., & Shaw, G. (2013). A qualitative examination of choking under pressure in team sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 103-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.07.008
Kazemi, M., Shearer, H, & Choung, Y. S. (2005). Pre-competition habits and injuries in taekwondo athletes. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 6, 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-6-26.
Kubo, J., Chishaki, T., Nakamura, N., Muramatsu, T., Yamamoto, Y., Ito, M., … Kukidome, T. (2006). Differences in fat-free mass and muscle thicknesses at various sites according to performance level among judo athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20, 654–657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/R-17054.1
Martinent, G., Ferrand, C., Guillet, E., & Gautheur, S. (2010). Validation of the French version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R), including frequency and direction scales. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(1), 51-57. Retrieved from http://www.journals.elsevier.com/psychology-of-sport-and-exercise/
Martinez-Rodriguez, A., Vicente-Salar, N., Montero-Carretero, C., Cervello, E., & Roche, E. (2015). Nutritional strategies to reach the weight category in judo and karate athletes. Archives of Budo, 11(1), 381-391. Retrieved from http://archbudo.com/view/abstract/id/10836
Mullen, R., & Tattersall, A. (2005). The effects of anxiety on motor performance: A test of the conscious processing hypothesis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 27(2), 212-225. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/jsep
Neil, R., Wilson, K., Mellalieu, S. D., Hanton, S., & Taylor, J. (2012). Competitive anxiety intensity and interpretation: A two-study investigation into their relationship with performance. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 96-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2012.645134
Nieuwenhuys, A., & Oudejans, R. R. D. (2012). Anxiety and perceptual-motor performance: toward an integrated model of concepts, mechanisms, and processes. Psychological Research, 76, 747-759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0384-x
Oppliger, R. A., Steen, S. A., & Scott, J. R. (2003). Weight loss practices of college wrestlers. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 13(1), 117–121. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/ijsnem
Parmigiani, S., Dadomo, H., Bartolomucci, A., Brain, P. F., Carbucicchio, A., Costantino, C., … Volpi, R. (2009). Personality traits and endocrine response as possible asymmetry factors of agonistic outcome in karate athletes. Aggressive Behavior, 35, 324-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.20306
Pettersson, S., Ekström, M. P., & Berg, C. M. (2013). Practices of weight regulation among elite athletes in combat sports: A matter of mental advantage? Journal of Athletic Training, 48, 99-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.1.04
Raudsepp, L., & Kais, K. (2002). The relationship between state anxiety and performance in beach voleyball players. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 43, 403‐416. Retrieved from http://www.jhms-online/100488246
Smith, R. E. (2008). Avances en la teoría cognitivo‐social de la personalidad: Aplicaciones a la Psicología del Deporte [Advances in the cognitive-social theory of personality: Applications in Sport Psychology]. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 17, 253‐276. Retrieved from http://www.rpd-online.com/
Sundgot-Borgen, J., Meyer, N. L., Lohman, T. G., Ackland, T. R., Maughan, R. J., Stewart, A. D., & Müller, W. (2013). How to minimise the health risks to athletes who compete in weight-sensitive sports review and position statement on behalf of the Ad Hoc Research Working Group on Body Composition, Health and Performance, under auspices of the IOC Medical Commission. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47, 1012-1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092966
Esta revista científica se encuentra registrada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional. Por lo tanto, esta obra se puede reproducir, distribuir y comunicar públicamente en formato digital, siempre que se reconozca el nombre de los autores y a la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Se permite citar, adaptar, transformar, autoarchivar, republicar y crear a partir del material, para cualquier finalidad (incluso comercial), siempre que se reconozca adecuadamente la autoría, se proporcione un enlace a la obra original y se indique si se han realizado cambios. La Pontificia Universidad Javeriana no retiene los derechos sobre las obras publicadas y los contenidos son responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores, quienes conservan sus derechos morales, intelectuales, de privacidad y publicidad. El aval sobre la intervención de la obra (revisión, corrección de estilo, traducción, diagramación) y su posterior divulgación se otorga mediante una licencia de uso y no a través de una cesión de derechos, lo que representa que la revista y la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana se eximen de cualquier responsabilidad que se pueda derivar de una mala práctica ética por parte de los autores. En consecuencia de la protección brindada por la licencia de uso, la revista no se encuentra en la obligación de publicar retractaciones o modificar la información ya publicada, a no ser que la errata surja del proceso de gestión editorial. La publicación de contenidos en esta revista no representa regalías para los contribuyentes.