Consistencia interna y estructura factorial del Perfil de Impacto de Salud Oral aplicado a la enfermedad periodontal en una muestra de población general de adultos mexicanos / Internal Consistency and Factor Structure of the Oral Health Impact Profile ...
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RESUMEN. Antecedentes: El Perfil de Impacto de Salud Oral (OHIP-14) es el instrumento más empleado para evaluar el impacto de la enfermedad bucal sobre la calidad de vida en relación con la salud oral y la eficacia de tratamientos odontológicos. En México el OHIP-14 ha sido adaptado para su aplicación a la enfermedad periodontal (OHIP-14-PD). Se desconocen las propiedades métricas del OHIP-14-PD en población general y no está bien establecido el modelo factorial del OHIP-14. Objetivos: Describir la distribución, discriminabilidad y consistencia interna de los ítems y de la puntuación total del OHIP-14-PD; explorar su estructura factorial; y contrastar varios modelos factores, estudiando la consistencia interna, validez convergente y discriminante de los factores. Métodos: se aplicó el OHIP-14-PD a una muestra de 256 adultos de población general de Monterrey, México. Se usó análisis factorial confirmatorio. Resultados: La consistencia interna del OHIP-14-PD fue muy alta (α ordinal = 0,924). Su distribución mostró asimetría y curtosis positivas con una media de 12,32 (Intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %: 11,29, 13,34) y una mediana de 10,5. El modelo de un factor se sustentó por análisis paralelo de Horn y tuvo un ajuste de bueno (GFI = 0,976, AGFI = 0,967, NFI = 0,968 y RFI = 0,962) a adecuado (χ2/gl = 2,336 y SRMR = 0,083). Al contemplar la relación entre dos pares de residuos, el ajuste resultó bueno por todos los índices y el factor tuvo validez convergente. Conclusión: El OHIP-14-PD constituye una medida unidimensional con consistencia interna y validez convergente.
ABSTRACT. Backgrounds: The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) is the most used instrument to evaluate the impact of oral disease on the quality of life in relation to oral health and the effectiveness of dental treatments. In Mexico the OHIP-14 has been adapted for its application to periodontal disease (OHIP-14-PD). The OHIP-14-PD metric properties are not known in the general population, and the OHIP-14 factor model is not well established. Objectives: To describe the distribution, discriminability and internal consistency of items and the OHIP-14-PD total score; explore its factorial structure; and contrast several factor models, studying the internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity of the factors. Methods: The OHIP-14-PD was applied to a sample of 256 adults of general population from Monterrey, Mexico. Confirmatory factor analysis was used. Results: The internal consistency of the OHIP-14-PD was very high (ordinal α = 0,924). Its distribution showed positive asymmetry and kurtosis with a mean of 12,32 (95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 11,29, 13,34) and a median of 10,5. The model of a factor was supported by Horn's parallel analysis, and had a fit to data from good (GFI = 0,976, AGFI = 0,967, NFI = 0,968 and RFI = 0,962) to adequate (χ2/df = 2,336 and SRMR = 0,083). When considering the relationship between two pairs of residues, the fit was good for all indexes, and the factor had convergent validity. Conclusion: The OHIP-14-PD constitutes a one-dimensional measure with internal consistency and convergent validity.
calidad de vida en relación con la salud oral, evaluación, periodoncia, adultos, análisis factorial, enfermedad periodontal, instrumentos de evaluación, población general, salud oral
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