Palabras clave
desarrollo de la raíz del diente
endodoncia
formación de la raíz del diente
morfología del conducto radicular
número de conductos radiculares
odontología
sistema de conductos radiculares
vaina radicular epitelial de Hertwig
Cómo citar
Resumen
Antecedentes: aunque diariamente se realizan millones de tratamientos de conducto radicular en todo el mundo, aún no se han dilucidado los factores que determinan el número de conductos radiculares principales en un diente. Las variaciones en el número de conductos radiculares en diferentes dientes son de suma importancia en la práctica clínica. Sin embargo, los médicos no conocen los determinantes de tal número, y mucho menos estos determinantes han sido abordados en la literatura, según nuestro conocimiento. Objetivo: Esta revisión narrativa tuvo como objetivo integrar los posibles mecanismos involucrados en la determinación del número de conductos principales en un diente permanente. Métodos: Utilizamos los términos de búsqueda "número de conducto radicular", "morfología del conducto radicular", "morfología dental", "desarrollo radicular" y "formación radicular" para identificar artículos de las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus. Resultados: se obtuvieron 57 artículos y 2 libros. Una base multifactorial es plausible considerando la influencia de los mecanismos antropológicos, demográficos, ambientales, genéticos, epigenéticos, relacionados con el tamaño del diente y el papel fundamental de la vaina radicular epitelial de Hertwig. Las técnicas de imagen de células vivas, los modelos matemáticos, la genética cuantitativa y la fenómica dental podrían proporcionar información reveladora en un futuro próximo. Conclusiones: En general, parece que los posibles mecanismos que determinan el número de conductos principales en un diente tienen una base multifactorial. El papel orquestador de la vaina radicular epitelial de Hertwig parece fundamental, aunque las señales reguladoras específicas que inducen o reprimen sus procesos diafragmáticos siguen sin conocerse. Sin embargo, existe una gran necesidad de estudios moleculares que ayuden a revelar estos y otros posibles mecanismos involucrados.
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