Effect of occlusal forces over periodontium analyzed through finite elements
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ABSTRACT. Background: Biomechanical effects of occlusal loads on teeth during clenching and in mastication have been evaluated. A harmful consequence of occlusal overload is tooth fracture, which has been analyzed through methods such as electrical tests, photo elasticity, and finite elements. Although there are numerous studies linking periodontal disease and occlusion, the biomechanical role of the forces exerted on the periodontium has not been studied enough. Objective: To evaluate the effect of normal and harmful occlusal forces on the periodontium through finite elements. Methods: The finite element analysis included the following steps: specification of geometry, element type, and material properties and force magnitudes in Newton’s (from 150 N to 675 N using 25 N increments) on the longitudinal axis of the tooth. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the stress distribution in periodontal ligament, cortical bone, and dentine according to tooth type (p = 0.000), but not significant differences were observed in cancellous bone (p = 0.166). Conclusion: The concentration of stress was located in the three teeth, incisor, premolar, and molar, in the buccal cervical area where most stress distribution was evident in all magnitudes of force applied.
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