Prevalence and Characteristics of Dental Fluorosis in a Group of Brazilian Children
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Dec 20, 2023
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Abstract
Background: Dental fluorosis (DF) is characterized by hypomineralization of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. DF phenotype presents different severities, ranging from very mild to severe phenotypes according to the enamel alteration. This dental development alteration is a common disorder worldwide. It is important to understand the prevalence in certain populations as a preventive strategy for the child's aesthetic, functional and psychological impairment. Purpose: to evaluate a prevalence and characteristics of DF in a group of children from Brazil. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-three children, aged 8-11 years, were clinically evaluated according to the DF phenotype. Only erupted permanent teeth were assessed. Results: DF prevalence was 7.6 %. Boys showed a higher prevalence of DF than girls. Very mild DF phenotypes were more common than more severe phenotypes of DF. Conclusion: the prevalence of DF in this Brazilian population of children was low.
Keywords
Brasil, epidemiología oral, estudios transversales, fluorosis dental, hipoplasia del esmalte dental, odontología, prevalenciaBrazil, cross-sectional studies, dental enamel hypoplasia, dental fluorosis, dental epidemiology, dentistry, prevalenceBrasil, epidemiologia oral, estudos transversais, fluorose dentária, hipoplasia do esmalte dentário, odontologia, prevalência
References
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6. Burt BA. The changing patterns of systemic fluoride intake. J Dent Res. 1992 May; 71(5):1228-1237. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345920710051601
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11. Cunha-Cruz J, Nadanovsky P. Dental fluorosis increases caries risk. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2005 Sep; 5(3): 170-171. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2005.06.016
12. Nilchian F, Asgary I, Mastan F. The Effect of Dental Fluorosis on the Quality of Life of Female High School and Precollege Students of High Fluoride-Concentrated Area. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2018 Jul-Aug; 8(4): 314-319. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_94_18
13. Fraza do cytowania: Lipiak A., Giernaś B., Wierzejska E. Fluoroza zębów jako problem zdrowia publicznego369. Polski Przegląd Nauk o Zdrowiu. 2019; 4(61): 369–372. https://doi.org/10.20883/ppnoz.2019.72
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15. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on use of fluoride. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2023: 100-102.
16. Rigo L, Caldas Junior Ade F, Souza EA, Abegg C, Lodi L. Estudo sobre a fluorose dentária num município do sul do Brasil [Study on the dental fluorosis in a Southern city of Brazil]. Cien Saude Colet. 2010 Jun;15 Suppl 1: 1439-48. Portuguese. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232010000700055
17. Jordão LM, Vasconcelos DN, Moreira Rda S, Freire Mdo C. Dental fluorosis: prevalence and associated factors in 12-year-old schoolchildren in Goiânia, Goiás. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2015 Jul-Sep; 18(3): 568-577. English, Portuguese. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201500030004
18. Moimaz SA, Saliba O, Marques LB, Garbin CA, Saliba NA. Dental fluorosis and its influence on children's life. Braz Oral Res. 2015; 29: S1806-83242015000100214. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0014
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20. Dalledone M, Cunha AS, Ramazzotto LA, Pecharki GD, Nelson-Filho P, Scariot R, Trevilatto PC, Vieira AR, Küchler EC, Brancher JA. Estrogen receptor gene is associated with dental fluorosis in Brazilian children. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Sep; 23(9): 3565-3570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2778-2
21. Everett ET, McHenry MA, Reynolds N, Eggertsson H, Sullivan J, Kantmann C, Martinez-Mier EA, Warrick JM, Stookey GK. Dental fluorosis: variability among different inbred mouse strains. J Dent Res. 2002 Nov; 81(11): 794-798. https://doi.org/10.1177/0810794
22. Aguiar DAT. Heterocontrol of fluoridation of public water supply in Alfenas-MG.” Alfenas. Dissertation [Master of Science] – Federal University of Alfenas, 2019.
23. Frazão P, Peres MA, Cury JA. Qualidade da água para consumo humano e concentração de fluoreto. Rev Saúde Pública. 2011 Out; 45 (5): 964-973. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102011005000046
24. Nagata ME, Delbem AC, Kondo KY, de Castro LP, Hall KB, Percinoto C, Aguiar SM, Pessan JP. Fluoride concentrations of milk, infant formulae, and soy-based products commercially available in Brazil. J Public Health Dent. 2016 Mar; 76(2): 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12121
25. Harriehausen CX, Dosani FZ, Chiquet BT, Barratt MS, Quock RL. Fluoride Intake of Infants from Formula. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019; 43(1): 34-41. https://doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-43.1.7
26. Ramesh M, Narasimhan M, Krishnan R, Chalakkal P, Aruna RM, Kuruvilah S. The prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors in Salem district. Contemp Clin Dent. 2016 Apr-Jun; 7(2): 203-208. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.183061
27. Sharashenidze M, Tkeshelashvili V, Nanobashvili K. dental fluorosis prevalence, severity and associated risk factors in pre-school aged children residing in fluoride deficient regions of Georgia. Georgian Med News. 2020 Sep; (306): 57-61
28. Bardal PA, Olympio KP, Buzalaf MA, Bastos JR. Dental caries and dental fluorosis in 7-12-year-old schoolchildren in Catalão, Goiás, Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2005 Mar; 13(1): 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000100008
29. Michel-Crosato E, Biazevic MG, Crosato E. Relationship between dental fluorosis and quality of life: a population based study. Braz Oral Res. 2005 Apr-Jun; 19(2): 150-155. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242005000200014
30. Akuno MH, Nocella G, Milia EP, Gutierrez L. Factors influencing the relationship between fluoride in drinking water and dental fluorosis: a ten-year systematic review and meta-analysis. J Water Health. 2019 Dec; 17(6): 845-862. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.300
31. James P, Harding M, Beecher T, Browne D, Cronin M, Guiney H, O'Mullane D, Whelton H. Impact of Reducing Water Fluoride on Dental Caries and Fluorosis. J Dent Res. 2021 May; 100(5): 507-514. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520978777
32. Abbasoglu Z, Dalledone M, Wambier LM, Pecharki G, Baratto-Filho F, Andrades KMR, Scariot R, Trevilatto PC, Brancher JA, Küchler EC. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs4284505 in microRNA17 and risk of dental fluorosis. Acta Odontol Scand. 2020 Aug; 78(6): 463-466. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2020.1786600
33. Al Warawreh AM, Al Tamimi ZH, Al Qatawna MI, Al Momani AA, Al Mhaidat MR, El Naji WS, AlSaraireh S. Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis among Southern Jordanian Population. Int J Dent. 2020 Oct 29; 2020: 8890004. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8890004
34. World Health Organization (WHO). Oral health surveys: basic methods. 5th ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2013.
2. Sierant ML, Bartlett JD. A potential mechanism for the development of dental fluorosis. Inter Oral Heal Scie. 2012; 408-412. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54070-0_114
3. Aoba T, Fejerskov O. Dental fluorosis: chemistry and biology. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(2):155-70. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154411130201300206
4. Brighenti FL, Takeshita EM, Sant'ana Cde O, Buzalaf MA, Delbem AC. Effect of low fluoride acidic dentifrices on dental remineralization. Braz Dent J. 2013; 24(1): 35-39. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201301995
5. Antunes JL, Narvai PC. Dental health policies in Brazil and their impact on health inequalities. Rev Saude Publica. 2010 Apr; 44(2): 360-365. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102010005000002
6. Burt BA. The changing patterns of systemic fluoride intake. J Dent Res. 1992 May; 71(5):1228-1237. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345920710051601
7. Franzolin Sde O, Gonçalves A, Padovani CR, Francischone LA, Marta SN. Epidemiology of fluorosis and dental caries according to different types of water supplies. Cien Saude Colet. 2010 Jun; 15 Suppl 1: 1841-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232010000700097
8. Ji M, Xiao L, Xu L, Huang S, Zhang D. How pH is regulated during amelogenesis in dental fluorosis. Exp Ther Med. 2018 Nov; 16(5): 3759-3765. https://dx.doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6728
9. Mohata A, Mohanty PK. Dental fluorosis - Revisited. Biomed J Sci e Tech Res. 2018 Jan; 2 (1): 2243-2247. https://dx.doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2018.2.000667
10. Abanto Alvarez J, Rezende KM, Marocho SM, Alves FB, Celiberti P, Ciamponi AL. Dental fluorosis: exposure, prevention and management. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Feb 1; 14(2): E103-7
11. Cunha-Cruz J, Nadanovsky P. Dental fluorosis increases caries risk. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2005 Sep; 5(3): 170-171. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2005.06.016
12. Nilchian F, Asgary I, Mastan F. The Effect of Dental Fluorosis on the Quality of Life of Female High School and Precollege Students of High Fluoride-Concentrated Area. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2018 Jul-Aug; 8(4): 314-319. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_94_18
13. Fraza do cytowania: Lipiak A., Giernaś B., Wierzejska E. Fluoroza zębów jako problem zdrowia publicznego369. Polski Przegląd Nauk o Zdrowiu. 2019; 4(61): 369–372. https://doi.org/10.20883/ppnoz.2019.72
14. Dean HT. Classification of mottled enamel diagnosis. J Am Dent Assoc. 1934 Aug; 21 (8): 1421-1426. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1934.0220
15. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on use of fluoride. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2023: 100-102.
16. Rigo L, Caldas Junior Ade F, Souza EA, Abegg C, Lodi L. Estudo sobre a fluorose dentária num município do sul do Brasil [Study on the dental fluorosis in a Southern city of Brazil]. Cien Saude Colet. 2010 Jun;15 Suppl 1: 1439-48. Portuguese. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232010000700055
17. Jordão LM, Vasconcelos DN, Moreira Rda S, Freire Mdo C. Dental fluorosis: prevalence and associated factors in 12-year-old schoolchildren in Goiânia, Goiás. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2015 Jul-Sep; 18(3): 568-577. English, Portuguese. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201500030004
18. Moimaz SA, Saliba O, Marques LB, Garbin CA, Saliba NA. Dental fluorosis and its influence on children's life. Braz Oral Res. 2015; 29: S1806-83242015000100214. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0014
19. Küchler EC, Tannure PN, Oliveira DS, Charone S, Nelson-Filho P, Silva RA, Costa MC, Antunes LS, Calasans Maia MD, Antunes LA. Polymorphisms in genes involved in enamel development are associated with dental fluorosis. Arch Oral Biol. 2017 Apr; 76: 66-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.01.009
20. Dalledone M, Cunha AS, Ramazzotto LA, Pecharki GD, Nelson-Filho P, Scariot R, Trevilatto PC, Vieira AR, Küchler EC, Brancher JA. Estrogen receptor gene is associated with dental fluorosis in Brazilian children. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Sep; 23(9): 3565-3570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2778-2
21. Everett ET, McHenry MA, Reynolds N, Eggertsson H, Sullivan J, Kantmann C, Martinez-Mier EA, Warrick JM, Stookey GK. Dental fluorosis: variability among different inbred mouse strains. J Dent Res. 2002 Nov; 81(11): 794-798. https://doi.org/10.1177/0810794
22. Aguiar DAT. Heterocontrol of fluoridation of public water supply in Alfenas-MG.” Alfenas. Dissertation [Master of Science] – Federal University of Alfenas, 2019.
23. Frazão P, Peres MA, Cury JA. Qualidade da água para consumo humano e concentração de fluoreto. Rev Saúde Pública. 2011 Out; 45 (5): 964-973. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102011005000046
24. Nagata ME, Delbem AC, Kondo KY, de Castro LP, Hall KB, Percinoto C, Aguiar SM, Pessan JP. Fluoride concentrations of milk, infant formulae, and soy-based products commercially available in Brazil. J Public Health Dent. 2016 Mar; 76(2): 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12121
25. Harriehausen CX, Dosani FZ, Chiquet BT, Barratt MS, Quock RL. Fluoride Intake of Infants from Formula. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019; 43(1): 34-41. https://doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-43.1.7
26. Ramesh M, Narasimhan M, Krishnan R, Chalakkal P, Aruna RM, Kuruvilah S. The prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors in Salem district. Contemp Clin Dent. 2016 Apr-Jun; 7(2): 203-208. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.183061
27. Sharashenidze M, Tkeshelashvili V, Nanobashvili K. dental fluorosis prevalence, severity and associated risk factors in pre-school aged children residing in fluoride deficient regions of Georgia. Georgian Med News. 2020 Sep; (306): 57-61
28. Bardal PA, Olympio KP, Buzalaf MA, Bastos JR. Dental caries and dental fluorosis in 7-12-year-old schoolchildren in Catalão, Goiás, Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci. 2005 Mar; 13(1): 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000100008
29. Michel-Crosato E, Biazevic MG, Crosato E. Relationship between dental fluorosis and quality of life: a population based study. Braz Oral Res. 2005 Apr-Jun; 19(2): 150-155. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242005000200014
30. Akuno MH, Nocella G, Milia EP, Gutierrez L. Factors influencing the relationship between fluoride in drinking water and dental fluorosis: a ten-year systematic review and meta-analysis. J Water Health. 2019 Dec; 17(6): 845-862. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.300
31. James P, Harding M, Beecher T, Browne D, Cronin M, Guiney H, O'Mullane D, Whelton H. Impact of Reducing Water Fluoride on Dental Caries and Fluorosis. J Dent Res. 2021 May; 100(5): 507-514. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520978777
32. Abbasoglu Z, Dalledone M, Wambier LM, Pecharki G, Baratto-Filho F, Andrades KMR, Scariot R, Trevilatto PC, Brancher JA, Küchler EC. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs4284505 in microRNA17 and risk of dental fluorosis. Acta Odontol Scand. 2020 Aug; 78(6): 463-466. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2020.1786600
33. Al Warawreh AM, Al Tamimi ZH, Al Qatawna MI, Al Momani AA, Al Mhaidat MR, El Naji WS, AlSaraireh S. Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis among Southern Jordanian Population. Int J Dent. 2020 Oct 29; 2020: 8890004. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8890004
34. World Health Organization (WHO). Oral health surveys: basic methods. 5th ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2013.
How to Cite
Madalena, I. R., de Oliveira, D. S. B., Barbosa, M. C. F., de Lima, D. C., Torres, C. P., Neves, N. G., Lopes, C. M. C. de F., Brancher, J. A., Lepri, C. P., Küchler, E. C., Baratto-Filho, F., & Soares, A. R. L. (2023). Prevalence and Characteristics of Dental Fluorosis in a Group of Brazilian Children. Universitas Odontologica, 42. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.uo42.pcdf
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Public Health and Oral Epidemiology
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