Publicado ago 12, 2022



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Silvana Michelsen Gómez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5764-0522

Maylin Johanna Peñaloza Parra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4129-2340

Nora Badoui Rodríguez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4129-2340

Luz Helena Alba Talero https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6186-7842

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Resumen

El mindfulness, una de las terapias denominadas mente-cuerpo, se define como la capacidad de trasladar la atención al momento presente. Dicha terapia fue formalizada por el Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn en 1982 para su aplicación en la práctica clínica y se ha implementado en el manejo de diversas patologías. El objetivo de este artículo es sintetizar los principales mecanismos biológicos a través–– de los cuales el mindfulness actúa, para así comprender sus beneficios en la salud física y mental. Se incluyeron 38 artículos (catorce experimentos clínicos, veintidós revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis y dos guías de práctica clínica) que identifican los mecanismos neuronales, cardiovasculares, inmunológicos y hormonales del mindfulness. Entre los hallazgos principales se encuentran cambios cerebrales asociados con el procesamiento de información nociceptiva, reducción en cifras de presión arterial, mejoría en la perfusión miocárdica, regulación autonómica cardiovascular, disminución de las citocinas proinflamatorias y disminución del cortisol. Estos mecanismos se correlacionan con los hallazgos de la literatura, según los cuales se han reportado beneficios en el tratamiento de trastornos del afecto, condiciones que producen dolor crónico, entidades asociadas con estados inflamatorios y enfermedades cardiovasculares como la hipertensión arterial. Se considera una alternativa terapéutica segura, dada la baja frecuencia de efectos adversos reportados.

Keywords

biological mechanisms, mindfulness, biological processes, meditation, mind - body therapiesmindfulness, mecanismos biológicos, procesos biológicos, meditación, terapias mente - cuerpo

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Cómo citar
Michelsen Gómez, S., Peñaloza Parra, M. J. ., Badoui Rodríguez, N., & Alba Talero, L. H. (2022). Bases biológicas del mindfulness y su aplicación en la práctica clínica. Universitas Medica, 63(2). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed63-2.mind
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