Electronic Cigarette Consumption within the Notion of Harm Reduction: An Industry Game We Must End
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Introduction. The tobacco industry has been generating products for years with the appearance of reduced harm, assuming that they produce less harm to human health or assist in smoking cessation. Electronic cigarettes are the most recent example of their tactics. The popularity of these devices and their rapid acceptance among children and young people pose a public health problem.
Objectives. To expose and analyze how the tobacco industry has historically downplayed the impact of its products on human health by promoting products that appear to be less harmful than conventional tobacco.
Conclusions. Electronic cigarettes are not innocuous, and there is not enough evidence to link them as less harmful products. Therefore, the message conveyed by the tobacco industry is misleading. These new devices are part of strategies to create new addicts, and their regulation is urgently needed in countries currently facing this public health issue. To strengthen tobacco control, it is pertinent to put an end to the industry's game.
harm reduction, electronic nicotine delivery systems, tobacco industry, Colombiareducción del daño, sistemas electrónicos de liberación de nicotina, industria tabacalera, Colombiaredução de danos, sistemas eletrônicos de liberação de nicotina, indústria do tabaco, Colômbia
2. National Harm Reduction Coalition. Principles of Harm Reduction [Internet]. 2022. Disponible en: https://harmreduction.org/about-us/principles-of-harm-reduction/
3. Inciardi J, Harrison L. Harm Reduction: National and International Perspectives [Internet]. Thousand Oaks, California. Sage Publications. Disponible en: https://eds-s-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.javeriana.edu.co/eds/detail?sid=04c185f3-f6fd-497f-894f-c19d56dbbc65@redis&vid=1&format=EB&rid=1#AN=474448&db=nlebk
4. Universidad de los Andes. Apuntes de Gestión y Políticas Públicas [Internet]. Bogotá; 2023. [Consultado el 1 de diciembre de 20222]. Disponible en: https://gobierno.uniandes.edu.co/sites/default/files/books/AGPP/AGPP-10.pdf .
5. Soneji SS, Knutzen KE, Villanti AC. Use of Flavored E-Cigarettes Among Adolescents , Young Adults , and Older Adults: Findings From the Population Assessment for Tobacco and Health Study. 2019;134(3):282–92.
6. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Guía de Práctica Clínica para la Cesación Tabáquica [Internet]. Bogotá; 2021. [Consultado el 1 de diciembre de 20202]. Disponible en: https://www.cancer.gov.co/conozca-sobre-cancer-1/informacion-sobre-cancer-para-profesionales/guias-protocolos-1/guias-practica-clinica-informadas-evidencia/guias-practica-clinica-desarrollo/guia-practica-clinica-para-cesacion-tabaquica
7. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Harm Reduction [Internet]. 2022. [consultado el 1 de diciembre de 20202]. Disponible en: https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/reduccion-danos#references
8. Parés-Badell O, Barbaglia G, Robinowitz N, Majó X, Torrens M, Espelt A, et al. Integration of harm reduction and treatment into care centres for substance use: The Barcelona model. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2020;76.
9. Semaan S, Fleming P, Worrell C, Stolp H, Baack B, Miller M. Potential role of safer injection facilities in reducing HIV and Hepatitis C infections and overdose mortality in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend [Internet]. 2011;118(2–3):100–10. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.006
10. Ramprashad A, Burnett GM, Welsh C. Harm Reduction: Not Dirty Words Any More. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2022;45(3):529–46.
11. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Tabaco: cigarrillos electrónicos [Internet]. [consultado el 9 de diciembre de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/tobacco-e-cigarettes
12. Hessa I, Lachireddy K, Capon A. A systematic review of the health risks from passive exposure to electronic cigarette vapour. Public Health Res Pract [Internet]. 2016;26(2):1–9. Disponible en: https://www.phrp.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/PHRP-26-02-06-E-cig1.pdf
13. Organización Panamericana de la Salud [OPS]. Informe sobre el control del tabaco en la Región de las Américas 2022. 2022; Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/56263/OPSNMHRF220023_spa.pdf
14. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Jóvenes y Tabaco. Resultados de la Encuesta Mundial sobre Tabaco en Jóvenes (2010 – 2017). 2017;20. Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/51669/OPSNMH18046_spa.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
15. Oficina de las Naciones Unidas contra la Droga y el Delito - UNODC. III Estudio epidemiológico andino sobre consumo de drogas en la población universitaria de Colombia, 2016. 2017;128. Disponible en: http://www.odc.gov.co/Portals/1/publicaciones/pdf/consumo/estudios/nacionales/CO03322016-estudio-epidemiologico-andino-consumo-drogas-poblacion-universitaria-colombia-2016.pdf
16. Ministerio de la Salud y de la Protección Social de Colombia. Encuesta Nacional de tabaquismo en jóvenes - ENTJ - 2017. [Internet]. Bogotá; 2018. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/salud/publica/epidemiologia/Paginas/Estudios-y-encuestas.aspx
17. Fundación Santa Fe. Presentación Resultados: Cigarrillos Electrónicos [Internet]. Bogotá; 2022. Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dao1nCUYFEQ
18. Hendlin Y, Vora M, Elias J, Ling PM. Financial Conflicts of Interest and Stance on Tobacco Harm Reduction: A Systematic Review. Am J Public Heal [Internet]. 2019; 109:1–8. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31095414/
19. Dewhirst T. Co-optation of harm reduction by Big Tobacco. BMJ Journals [Internet]. 2020;30(1):1–3. Disponible en: https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/30/e1/e1
20. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Tabaco: cigarrillos electrónicos [Internet]. [consultado el 9 de diciembre de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/tobacco-e-cigarettes
21. Organización Mundial de la Salud. La OMS informa sobre los progresos en la lucha contra la epidemia de tabaquismo [Internet]. [consultado el 9 de diciembre de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news/item/27-07-2021-who-reports-progress-in-the-fight-against-tobacco-epidemic
22. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Boletín Tecnológico sobre Cigarrillo electrónico. 2016;2(4). Disponible en: https://www.cancer.gov.co/medios-comunicacion-1/boletines-prensa/cigarrillo-electronico
23. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Informe OMS sobre la epidemia mundial de tabaquismo, 2021: hacer frente a productos nuevos y emergentes: resumen [Internet]. [consultado el 2 de diciembre de 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/publications/i/item/9789240032842
24. Hatsukami D, Carrollb D. Tobacco harm reduction: Past history, current controversies and a proposed approach for the future. Prev Med (Baltim) [Internet]. 2020;140. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091743520301237?via%3Dihub
25. Giovino GA. Tobacco harm reduction involves more than cigarette harm reduction. Am J Public Heal [Internet]. 2004;94(8):1294–5. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1448432/
26. Pipe AL. Vaping, Smoking Cessation, and Harm Reduction? Look Before You Leap. Can J Cardiol [Internet]. 2021;37(5):683–5. Dispible en: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0828282X21000738
27. Robayo C, Becerra N, Castro D. Efectos sobre la salud de los cigarrillos electrónicos. Una revisión de la literatura. Rev Salud Pública Univ Nac [Internet]. 2019;22(1):115–121. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/77032
28. Nayeri A, Middlekauff H. Vaping Instead of Cigarette Smoking: A Panacea or Just Another Form of Cardiovascular Risk? Can J Cardiol [Internet]. 2020;37(5):690–8. Disponible en: https://www.onlinecjc.ca/article/S0828-282X(20)31143-0/fulltext
29. Arane K, Goldman R. Electronic cigarettes and adolescents. Can Fam Physician [Internet]. 2016;62(11):897–8. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28661867/
30. Soneji S , Sung H, Primack B, Pierce J, Sargent J. Quantifying population-level health benefits and harms of e-cigarette use in the United States. J PLOS [Internet]. 2018; Disponible en: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193328
31. Department of Health and HS. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General [Internet]. Rockville; 2016. Disponible en: https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/2016_sgr_full_report_non-508.pdf
32. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington; 2013. 991 p.
33. McConnell R, Barrington-Trimis J, Wang K, Urman R, Hong H, Unger J, Samet J, Leventhal A, Berhance K. Electronic Cigarette Use and Respiratory Symptoms in Adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]. 2016;195(8):1043–9. Dispnible en: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/epdf/10.1164/rccm.201604-0804OC?role=tab
34. Alzahrani T, Peña I, Temesgen N, Glantz S. Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Myocardial Infarction. Am J Prev Med [Internet]. 2018;55(4):455–61. Disponible en: https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(18)31871-3/fulltext
35. Unger J, Soto D, Leventhal A. E-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette and marijuana use among Hispanic young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend [Internet]. 2016;163:261–264. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453602/.
36. McNeill A, Brose L, Calder R, Bauld L, Robson D. Evidence review of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products 2018 A report commissioned by Public Health England [Internet]. Wellington House; 2018. Disponible en: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/684963/Evidence_review_of_e-cigarettes_and_heated_tobacco_products_2018.pdf
37. Tang M, Wu X, Lee H, Xia Y, Deng F, Moreira A, Chen L, Huang W, Lepor H. Electronic-cigarette smoke induces lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice. PNAS [Internet]. 2019;116(43):21727–31. Disponible en: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1911321116.
38. Baines DL. A nasty case of the vapours - e-cigarettes friend or foe? J Physiol [Internet]. 2020;598(22):5025. Disponible en: https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/JP280677
39. Glantz S, Bareham D. E-Cigarettes: Use, Effects on Smoking, Risks, and Policy Implications. Annu Rev Public Heal [Internet]. 2018;1(39):215–35. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29323609/text=Whilee-cigarettesdeliverlowersmoking-causeddeaths%2Catrates
40. Jhanjee S. Putting tobacco harm reduction in perspective: is it a viable alternative? Indian J Med Res [Internet]. 2016;143(1):25–9. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4822364/text=Thereisinsufficientevidenceaboutbutnotquittobaccouse.
41. Brien D, Largo J, Quigley J, Lee C, McCarthy A, Kavanagg P. Association between electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2021; Disponible en: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-10935-1
42. Maziak W. Harm reduction at the crossroads: the case of cigarettes electronic. Am J Prev Med [Internet]. 2014;47(4):505–7. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25092121/
43. Soneji S, Knutzen K, Villanti A. Use of Flavored E-Cigarettes Among Adolescents, Young Adults, and Older Adults: Findings From the Population Assessment for Tobacco and Health Study. Public Heal Rep [Internet]. 2019;134(3):282–92. Disponible en: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0033354919830967
44. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco [Internet]. Ginebra; 2003 [Consultado el 2 de diciembre de 2023]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42813/9243591010.pdf;jsessionid=79C40D4DD95B5ABA23DBEB766A8B3EEB?sequence=1
45. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Sistemas electrónicos de administración de nicótica y sistemas similares sin nicotina (SEAN/SESN) [Internet]. Delhi India; 2016. [Consultado el 2 de diciembre de 2023]. Disponible en: https://fctc.who.int/docs/librariesprovider12/meeting-reports/fctc-cop-7-11-es.pdf
46. Organización Mundial de la Salud. OMS | MPOWER un plan de medidas para hacer retroceder la epidemia de tabaquismo. 2008;1–41. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/package/es/
47. Gray N. Has Marlboro hijacked tobacco harm reduction? Adicttion [Internet]. 2012;107(6):129–30. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03748.x
48. Rennie L, Bazillier-Bruneau C, Rouëssé J. Harm Reduction or Harm Introduction? Prevalence and Correlates of E-Cigarette Use Among French Adolescents. 2016;12(013):440–5. Disponible en: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1054139X15007326
49. Pisinger C, Dagli E, Filippidis F, Hedman L, Janson C, Loukides S, Ravara S, Saraiva I, Vestbo J. ERS and tobacco harm reduction. Eur Respir J [Internet]. 2019;54:209–19. Disponible en: https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/54/6/1902009
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.