Adaptación Española de la Escala de Sueño de Groningen (GSQS-8)
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sep 29, 2021
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María-José Serrano-Fernández
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-5522
Joan Boada-Grau
Lluís Robert-Sentís
Maria Boada-Cuerva
Andreu Vigil-Colet
Jordi Assens-Serra
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-5522
Joan Boada-Grau
Lluís Robert-Sentís
Maria Boada-Cuerva
Andreu Vigil-Colet
Jordi Assens-Serra
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Resumen
Los conductores profesionales son un colectivo susceptible de padecer problemas para dormir, o un descanso incorrecto, siendo esto debido a la tensión laboral que ocasiona alteraciones en los marcadores biológicos de estrés como es el caso del cortisol o en parámetros cardiovasculares que muestran un estado de hiperactivación fisiológica. Nuestro objetivo fue la adaptación de la Groningen Sleep Scale (Meijman et al., 1990) en la población española, así como el análisis de su estructura interna, fiabilidad e indicios de validez. Los participantes en este estudio han sido 372 conductores (93.4 % hombres, 6.6 % mujeres), con una media de edad de 40.9 (SD= 10.54), obtenidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se han utilizado los programas SPSS 23.0 y AMOS (5.0). Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, a partir del programa AMOS (5.0), se obtuvieron los siguientes indicadores NFI = 0.902; TLI = 0.844; CFI = 0.913; RMSEA = 0.129, indicando un ajuste aceptable del modelo unifactorial con 8 ítems. La fiabilidad es adecuada (0.90) y se muestran indicios de validez con: TDS-38, MBI-GS, Irritación, MP-9, DII y Trans-18. Por lo que podemos concluir que la Groningen Sleep Scale (GSQS-8), es un instrumento fiable y válido, adecuado, en lengua española, para evaluar la calidad del sueño en conductores profesionales.
Keywords
sleep quality scale, insomnia, subjective quality of sleep, drivers, fatigueEscala de calidad del sueño, insomnio, calidad subjetiva del sueño, conductores, fatiga
References
Åkerstedt, T., Knutsson, A., Westerholm, P., Theorell, T., Alfredsson, L., & Kecklund, G. (2002). Sleep disturbances, work stress and work hours. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(3), 741-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00333-1
Åkerstedt, T., Knutsson, A., Westerholm, P., Theorell, T., Alfredsson, L., & Kecklund, G. (2004). Mental fatigue, work and sleep. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(5), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2003.12.001
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Berrones, L., & González, E. (2018). State of the art of the work and health conditions of the professional drivers. Revista Red de Investigación en Salud en el Trabajo, 1(2), 21-29. https://rist.zaragoza.unam.mx/index.php/rist/article/view/26
Boada-Grau, J., Sánchez-García, J. C., Prizmic-Kuzmica, A. J., & Vigil-Colet, A. (2012). Health and Safety at Work in the Transport Industry (TRANS-18): Factorial Structure, Reliability and Validity. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(1), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n1.37342
Bonnet, M. H. (1985). Effect of sleep disruption on sleep, performance, and mood. Sleep, 8(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/8.1.11
Chaiard, J., Deeluea, J., Suksatit, B., & Songkham, W. (2019). Factors Associated with Sleep Quality of Thai Intercity Bus Drivers. Industrial Health, 2018-0168. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2018-0168
Chico, E., Tous, J. M., Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Vigil-Colet, A. (2003). Spanish adaptation of Dickman’s impulsivity inventory: Its relationship to Eysenck’s personality questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1883-1892. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00037-0
Connor, J., Norton, R., Ameratunga, S., Robinson, E., Civil, I., Dunn, R., Baley, J., & Jackson, R. (2002). Driver sleepiness and risk of serious injury to car occupants: population based case control study. British Medical Journal, 324, 1125-1125. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7346.1125
Davidović, J., Pešić, D., & Antić, B. (2018). Professional drivers’ fatigue as a problem of the modern era. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 55, 199-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.03.010
Dickman, S. J. (1990). Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity: Personality and cognitive correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(1), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.1.95
Dirección General de Tráfico (DGT). (2006). El sueño es una de las principales causas de accidente en carretera. Ministerio del Interior. http://www.dgt.es/es/la-dgt/campanas/2006/El-suenio-es-una-de-las-principales-causas-de-accidente-en-carretera.shtml
Dirección General de Tráfico (DGT). (2018). Las salidas de vía y colisiones frontales causan 652 muertes en carreteras convencionales. Ministerio del Interior. http://www.dgt.es/es/prensa/notas-de-prensa/2018/20180816_NP-Siniestralidad-convencionales.shtml
Dorn, L., Stephen, L., af Wåhlberg, A., & Gandolfi, J. (2010). Development and Validation of a Self Reported Measure of Bus Driver Behavior. Ergomics, 53(12), 1420-1433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2010.532882
Fan, X., & Sivo, S. A. (2007). Sensitivity of fit indices to model misspecification and model types. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 509-529. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273170701382864
Filtness, A. J., Anund, A., Fors, C., Ahlström, C., Åkerstedt, T., & Kecklund, G. (2014). Sleep-related eye symptoms and their potential for identifying driver sleepiness. Journal of Sleep Research, 23(5), 568-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12163
Gosselin, A., De Koninck, J., & Campbell, K. B. (2005). Total sleep deprivation and novelty processing: Implications for frontal lobe functioning. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116(1), 211-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2004.07.033
Hambleton, R. K., Merenda, P. F., & Spielberger, C. D. (2005). Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2004). Metodología de la Investigación. McGraw-Hill Interamericana.
Hillman, D., Mitchell, S., Streatfeild, J., Burns, C., Bruck, D., & Pezzullo, L. (2018). The economic cost of inadequate sleep. Sleep, 41(8), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy083
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Jafarian, S., Gorouhi, F., Taghva, A., & Lotfi, J. (2008). High-altitude sleep disturbance: Results of the Groningen Sleep Quality Questionnaire survey. Sleep Medicine, 9(4), 446-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2007.06.017
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
Kecklund, G., & Åkerstedt, T. (2004). Apprehension of the subsequent working day is associated with a low amount of slow wave sleep. Biological Psychology, 66(2), 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2003.10.004
Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2004). Behavior Research. Research methods in social sciences. McGraw-Hill.
Lattin, J., Carroll, J., & Green, P. (2003). Analyzing multivariate data. Duxbury Press.
Lévy-Mangin, J.-P., & Varela-Mallou, J. (2006). Modelización con estructuras de covarianzas en ciencias sociales : temas esenciales, avanzados y aportaciones especiales. In Modelización con estructuras de covarianzas en ciencias sociales : temas esenciales, avanzados y aportaciones especiales. Gesbiblo, S.L.
Li, M. K., Yu, J. J., Ma, L., & Zhang, W. (2019). Modeling and mitigating fatigue-related accident risk of taxi drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 123, 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.11.001
Li, Y., Yamamoto, T., & Zhang, G. (2018). Understanding factors associated with misclassification of fatigue-related accidents in police record. Journal of Safety Research, 64, 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2017.12.002
Lorenzo-Seva, U. (1999). Promin: A method for oblique factor rotation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 34, 347-365. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327906MBR3403_3
McVicar, A. (2003). Workplace stress in nursing: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(6), 633-642. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0309-2402.2003.02853.x
Meijman, T., de Vries-Griever, A., De Vries, G., & Kampman, R. (1988). The evaluation of the Groningen Sleep Quality Scale. Groningen: Heymans Bulletin, HB 88-13-EX.
Meijman, T. F., Thunnissen, M. J., & De Vries-Griever, A. G. H. (1990). The after-effects of a prolonged period of day-sleep on subjective sleep quality. Work and Stress, 4(1), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678379008256965
Merino, E., Carbonero, M. Á., Moreno-Jiménez, B., & Morante, M. E. (2006). La Escala de Irritación como instrumento de evaluación del estrés laboral. [Irritation: Analysis of an instrument to assess stress at work]. Psicothema, 18, 419–424. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296066
Michael, J. T. (2017). Classification of sleep disorders. In Sleep ans Psychosomatic Medicine (pp. 1-11). SRS Press.
Miró, E., & Buela-Casal, G. (2005). Sueño, estrés y trabajo. In J. L. Arco (Ed.), Estrés y trabajo: cómo hacerlos compatibles (pp. 87-115). Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Justicia y Administración Pública.
Mohr, A. (1986). Die Durchsetzung der Politikwissenschaft an deutschen Hochschulen und die Entwicklung der Deutschen Vereinigung für Politische Wissenschaft. In Politikwissenschaft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (pp. 62-77). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11075-0_4
Mohr, G., Rigotti, T., Müller, A., Tschan, F., & Aycan, Z. (2006). The Assessment of Psychological Strain in Work Contexts. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(3), 198-206. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.3.198
Moya-Albiol, L., Serrano, M. A., González-Bono, E., Rodríguez-Alarcón, G., & Salvador, A. (2005). Respuesta psicofisiológica del stress en una jornada laboral. Psycothema, 17(2), 205-211. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1128134
Mulder-Hajonides van der Meulen, R. E. (1990). The Groningen sleep quality scale. Scandinovian Journal of Psychiatry, (Submited).
Muñiz, J., & Bartram, D. (2007). Improving international tests and testing. European Psychologist, 12, 206-219. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.12.3.206
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory (McGraw-Hill Series in Psychology). McGraw-Hill. https://doi.org/10.1037/018882
Robb, M. J. M., & Mansfield, N. J. (2007). Self-reported musculoskeletal problems amongst professional truck drivers. Ergonomics, 50(6), 814-827. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130701220341
Robert-Sentís, L. (2016). Salud laboral en conductores profesionales del transporte por carretera [Occupational health of professional road transport drivers]. (Doctoral thesis not published). Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona (Spain).
Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W. B., Llorens, S., Peiró, J. M., & Grau, R. (2000). Desde el ”burnout” al ”Engagement” ¿una nueva perspectiva?. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(2), 117-134.
Simor, P., Köteles, F., Bódizs, R., & Bárdos, G. (2009). A questionnaire based study of subjective sleep quality: The psychometric evaluation of the Hungarian version of the Groningen Sleep Quality Scale. Mentalhigiene Es Pszichoszomatika, 10(3), 249-261. https://doi.org/10.1556/Mental.10.2009.3.5
Sluiter, J. K., Van Der Beek, A. J., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. W. (1999). The influence of work characteristics on the need for recovery and experienced health: A study on coach drivers. Ergonomics, 42, 573-583. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401399185487
Sunwoo, J. S., Hwangbo, Y., Kim, W. J., Chu, M. K., Yun, C. H., & Yang, K. I. (2017). Sleep characteristics associated with drowsy driving. Sleep Medicine, 40, 4-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.08.020
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics, 5th ed. In Using multivariate statistics, 5th ed. Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education. http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-03883-000
Taylor, A. H., & Dorn, L. (2006). Stress, fatigue, health, and risk of road traffic accidents among professional drivers: The Contribution of Physical Inactivity. Annual Review of Public Health, 27(1), 371-391. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102117
Timmerman, M. E., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis. Psychological Methods, 16, 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023353
Useche, S. A., Cendales, B. E., & Gómez, V. (2017). Measuring Fatigue and its Associations with Job Stress, Health and Traffic Accidents in Professional Drivers: The Case of BRT Operators. EC Neurology, 4(4), 103-118.
Velicer, W. F. (1976). Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations. Psychometrika, 41, 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293557
Åkerstedt, T., Knutsson, A., Westerholm, P., Theorell, T., Alfredsson, L., & Kecklund, G. (2004). Mental fatigue, work and sleep. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(5), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2003.12.001
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Berrones, L., & González, E. (2018). State of the art of the work and health conditions of the professional drivers. Revista Red de Investigación en Salud en el Trabajo, 1(2), 21-29. https://rist.zaragoza.unam.mx/index.php/rist/article/view/26
Boada-Grau, J., Sánchez-García, J. C., Prizmic-Kuzmica, A. J., & Vigil-Colet, A. (2012). Health and Safety at Work in the Transport Industry (TRANS-18): Factorial Structure, Reliability and Validity. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(1), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n1.37342
Bonnet, M. H. (1985). Effect of sleep disruption on sleep, performance, and mood. Sleep, 8(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/8.1.11
Chaiard, J., Deeluea, J., Suksatit, B., & Songkham, W. (2019). Factors Associated with Sleep Quality of Thai Intercity Bus Drivers. Industrial Health, 2018-0168. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2018-0168
Chico, E., Tous, J. M., Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Vigil-Colet, A. (2003). Spanish adaptation of Dickman’s impulsivity inventory: Its relationship to Eysenck’s personality questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1883-1892. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00037-0
Connor, J., Norton, R., Ameratunga, S., Robinson, E., Civil, I., Dunn, R., Baley, J., & Jackson, R. (2002). Driver sleepiness and risk of serious injury to car occupants: population based case control study. British Medical Journal, 324, 1125-1125. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7346.1125
Davidović, J., Pešić, D., & Antić, B. (2018). Professional drivers’ fatigue as a problem of the modern era. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 55, 199-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.03.010
Dickman, S. J. (1990). Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity: Personality and cognitive correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(1), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.1.95
Dirección General de Tráfico (DGT). (2006). El sueño es una de las principales causas de accidente en carretera. Ministerio del Interior. http://www.dgt.es/es/la-dgt/campanas/2006/El-suenio-es-una-de-las-principales-causas-de-accidente-en-carretera.shtml
Dirección General de Tráfico (DGT). (2018). Las salidas de vía y colisiones frontales causan 652 muertes en carreteras convencionales. Ministerio del Interior. http://www.dgt.es/es/prensa/notas-de-prensa/2018/20180816_NP-Siniestralidad-convencionales.shtml
Dorn, L., Stephen, L., af Wåhlberg, A., & Gandolfi, J. (2010). Development and Validation of a Self Reported Measure of Bus Driver Behavior. Ergomics, 53(12), 1420-1433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2010.532882
Fan, X., & Sivo, S. A. (2007). Sensitivity of fit indices to model misspecification and model types. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 509-529. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273170701382864
Filtness, A. J., Anund, A., Fors, C., Ahlström, C., Åkerstedt, T., & Kecklund, G. (2014). Sleep-related eye symptoms and their potential for identifying driver sleepiness. Journal of Sleep Research, 23(5), 568-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12163
Gosselin, A., De Koninck, J., & Campbell, K. B. (2005). Total sleep deprivation and novelty processing: Implications for frontal lobe functioning. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116(1), 211-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2004.07.033
Hambleton, R. K., Merenda, P. F., & Spielberger, C. D. (2005). Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2004). Metodología de la Investigación. McGraw-Hill Interamericana.
Hillman, D., Mitchell, S., Streatfeild, J., Burns, C., Bruck, D., & Pezzullo, L. (2018). The economic cost of inadequate sleep. Sleep, 41(8), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy083
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Jafarian, S., Gorouhi, F., Taghva, A., & Lotfi, J. (2008). High-altitude sleep disturbance: Results of the Groningen Sleep Quality Questionnaire survey. Sleep Medicine, 9(4), 446-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2007.06.017
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
Kecklund, G., & Åkerstedt, T. (2004). Apprehension of the subsequent working day is associated with a low amount of slow wave sleep. Biological Psychology, 66(2), 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2003.10.004
Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2004). Behavior Research. Research methods in social sciences. McGraw-Hill.
Lattin, J., Carroll, J., & Green, P. (2003). Analyzing multivariate data. Duxbury Press.
Lévy-Mangin, J.-P., & Varela-Mallou, J. (2006). Modelización con estructuras de covarianzas en ciencias sociales : temas esenciales, avanzados y aportaciones especiales. In Modelización con estructuras de covarianzas en ciencias sociales : temas esenciales, avanzados y aportaciones especiales. Gesbiblo, S.L.
Li, M. K., Yu, J. J., Ma, L., & Zhang, W. (2019). Modeling and mitigating fatigue-related accident risk of taxi drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 123, 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.11.001
Li, Y., Yamamoto, T., & Zhang, G. (2018). Understanding factors associated with misclassification of fatigue-related accidents in police record. Journal of Safety Research, 64, 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2017.12.002
Lorenzo-Seva, U. (1999). Promin: A method for oblique factor rotation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 34, 347-365. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327906MBR3403_3
McVicar, A. (2003). Workplace stress in nursing: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(6), 633-642. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0309-2402.2003.02853.x
Meijman, T., de Vries-Griever, A., De Vries, G., & Kampman, R. (1988). The evaluation of the Groningen Sleep Quality Scale. Groningen: Heymans Bulletin, HB 88-13-EX.
Meijman, T. F., Thunnissen, M. J., & De Vries-Griever, A. G. H. (1990). The after-effects of a prolonged period of day-sleep on subjective sleep quality. Work and Stress, 4(1), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678379008256965
Merino, E., Carbonero, M. Á., Moreno-Jiménez, B., & Morante, M. E. (2006). La Escala de Irritación como instrumento de evaluación del estrés laboral. [Irritation: Analysis of an instrument to assess stress at work]. Psicothema, 18, 419–424. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296066
Michael, J. T. (2017). Classification of sleep disorders. In Sleep ans Psychosomatic Medicine (pp. 1-11). SRS Press.
Miró, E., & Buela-Casal, G. (2005). Sueño, estrés y trabajo. In J. L. Arco (Ed.), Estrés y trabajo: cómo hacerlos compatibles (pp. 87-115). Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Justicia y Administración Pública.
Mohr, A. (1986). Die Durchsetzung der Politikwissenschaft an deutschen Hochschulen und die Entwicklung der Deutschen Vereinigung für Politische Wissenschaft. In Politikwissenschaft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (pp. 62-77). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11075-0_4
Mohr, G., Rigotti, T., Müller, A., Tschan, F., & Aycan, Z. (2006). The Assessment of Psychological Strain in Work Contexts. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(3), 198-206. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.3.198
Moya-Albiol, L., Serrano, M. A., González-Bono, E., Rodríguez-Alarcón, G., & Salvador, A. (2005). Respuesta psicofisiológica del stress en una jornada laboral. Psycothema, 17(2), 205-211. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1128134
Mulder-Hajonides van der Meulen, R. E. (1990). The Groningen sleep quality scale. Scandinovian Journal of Psychiatry, (Submited).
Muñiz, J., & Bartram, D. (2007). Improving international tests and testing. European Psychologist, 12, 206-219. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.12.3.206
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory (McGraw-Hill Series in Psychology). McGraw-Hill. https://doi.org/10.1037/018882
Robb, M. J. M., & Mansfield, N. J. (2007). Self-reported musculoskeletal problems amongst professional truck drivers. Ergonomics, 50(6), 814-827. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130701220341
Robert-Sentís, L. (2016). Salud laboral en conductores profesionales del transporte por carretera [Occupational health of professional road transport drivers]. (Doctoral thesis not published). Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona (Spain).
Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W. B., Llorens, S., Peiró, J. M., & Grau, R. (2000). Desde el ”burnout” al ”Engagement” ¿una nueva perspectiva?. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(2), 117-134.
Simor, P., Köteles, F., Bódizs, R., & Bárdos, G. (2009). A questionnaire based study of subjective sleep quality: The psychometric evaluation of the Hungarian version of the Groningen Sleep Quality Scale. Mentalhigiene Es Pszichoszomatika, 10(3), 249-261. https://doi.org/10.1556/Mental.10.2009.3.5
Sluiter, J. K., Van Der Beek, A. J., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. W. (1999). The influence of work characteristics on the need for recovery and experienced health: A study on coach drivers. Ergonomics, 42, 573-583. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401399185487
Sunwoo, J. S., Hwangbo, Y., Kim, W. J., Chu, M. K., Yun, C. H., & Yang, K. I. (2017). Sleep characteristics associated with drowsy driving. Sleep Medicine, 40, 4-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.08.020
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics, 5th ed. In Using multivariate statistics, 5th ed. Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education. http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-03883-000
Taylor, A. H., & Dorn, L. (2006). Stress, fatigue, health, and risk of road traffic accidents among professional drivers: The Contribution of Physical Inactivity. Annual Review of Public Health, 27(1), 371-391. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102117
Timmerman, M. E., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis. Psychological Methods, 16, 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023353
Useche, S. A., Cendales, B. E., & Gómez, V. (2017). Measuring Fatigue and its Associations with Job Stress, Health and Traffic Accidents in Professional Drivers: The Case of BRT Operators. EC Neurology, 4(4), 103-118.
Velicer, W. F. (1976). Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations. Psychometrika, 41, 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293557
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Serrano-Fernández, M.-J., Boada-Grau, J., Robert-Sentís, L., Boada-Cuerva, M., Vigil-Colet, A., & Assens-Serra, J. (2021). Adaptación Española de la Escala de Sueño de Groningen (GSQS-8). Universitas Psychologica, 19, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy19.sags
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