Palabras clave
funciones ejecutivas
maduración cerebral
conectividad funcional
adolescentes
Cómo citar
Resumen
La adolescencia es una etapa del ciclo vital caracterizada por cambios cerebrales y por el desarrollo progresivo de las funciones ejecutivas. Asimismo, es una etapa de riesgo para desarrollar problemas de salud mental, especialmente si no se cuenta con un repertorio ejecutivo que permita afrontar adecuadamente las demandas del entorno. En este contexto, se propone una herramienta de uso clínico basada en el cúmulo de conocimientos sobre la electroencefalografía en estado de reposo (EEG-ER) y su relación con las funciones ejecutivas. Usando EEG-ER se obtienen tres índices de conectividad funcional: (1) asimetría frontal alfa; (2) radio entre ondas lentas y rápidas; y (3) acoplamiento en fase de amplitud. Estos índices representan cambios en la organización funcional del cerebro adolescente y su correlación con procesos psicológicos. En conclusión, se presenta evidencia del EEG-ER como complemento diagnóstico y como medida de la efectividad de intervenciones clínicas. Además, se propone su uso como herramienta para detectar patrones de actividad que anteceden a procesos psicopatológicos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Diego Armando León Rodríguez, Adriana Marcela Martínez Martínez, Oscar Mauricio Aguilar Mejía