Palabras clave
imagen corporal
afrontamiento
bienestar
mujeres
Cómo citar
Resumen
Las redes sociales centradas en la imagen, como Instagram, son plataformas clave para la auto-presentación. Las personas usuarias pueden editar sus fotografías para alcanzar una apariencia idealizada, lo que puede impactar en su bienestar psicológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue doble: a) analizar los comportamientos de edición fotográfica en Instagram y b) examinar las diferencias en la imagen corporal positiva, las estrategias de afrontamiento, la autoestima y el bienestar entre mujeres jóvenes españolas que editan sus fotos en alta y baja frecuencia. Se empleó un diseño descriptivo y transversal con una muestra de 395 mujeres (edades 18-35). Los resultados indican que las participantes que editan sus fotos con mayor frecuencia (p. ej., usando filtros o modificando su cuerpo) presentaron una imagen corporal más negativa, una mayor tendencia a definirse por su apariencia física, un uso más elevado de estrategias de afrontamiento desadaptativas (como la negación y el uso de sustancias) y un menor bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en comparación con quienes editaban sus fotos en menor grado. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de abordar los comportamientos de edición fotográfica en las intervenciones sobre salud mental en poblaciones jóvenes.
Alfonso-Fuertes, I., Alvarez-Mon, M. A., Del Hoyo, R. S., Ortega, M. A., Alvarez-Mon, M., & Molina-Ruiz, R. M. (2023). Time spent on Instagram and body image, self-esteem, and physical comparison among young adults in Spain: Observational study. JMIR formative research, 7, e42207. https://doi.org/10.2196/42207
American Psychological Association. (2023, may). Health advisory on social media use in adolescence. APA. https://www.apa.org/topics/social-media-internet/health-advisory-adolescent-social-media-use
Avalos, L., Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. (2005). The Body Appreciation Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 2(3), 285-297. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002
Bellón-Saameño, J. S., Delgado-Sánchez, A., Luna del Castillo, J. D., & Lardelli-Claret, P. (1996). Validity and reliability of the Duke-UNC-11 questionnaire of functional social support. Atención Primaria, 18(4), 153-163. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8962994/
Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los cinco grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3), 729-750. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.729
Bonfanti, R. C., Melchiori, F., Teti, A., Albano, G., Raffard, S., Rodgers, R., & Coco, G. L. (2025). The association between social comparison in social media, body image concerns and eating disorder symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Body image, 52, 101841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101841
Broadhead, W. E., Gehlbach, S. H., De Gruy, F. V., & Kaplan, B. H. (1988). The Duke–UNC Functional social support questionnaire: Measurement of social support in family medicine patients. Medical Care, 26(7), 709-723. http://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198807000-00006
Brown, Z., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). Attractive celebrity and peer images on Instagram: Effect on women's mood and body image. Body Image, 19, 37-43. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.007
Butterfly Foundation (2023). Body kind youth survey: Your body image, your voice 2023 report. Retrieved from http://www.butterfly.org.au/youthsurveyfindings
Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’ too long: Consider the brief cope. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
Cash, T. F., & Grasso, K. (2005). The norms and stability of new measures of the multidimensional body image construct. Body Image, 2(2), 199-203. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.03.007
Chen, J., Ishii, M., Bater, K. L., Darrach, H., Liao, D., Huynh, P. P., Reh, I. P., Nellis, J. C., Kumar, A. R.,& Ishii, L. E. (2019). Association between the use of social media and photograph editing applications, self-esteem, and cosmetic surgery acceptance. JAMA facial plastic surgery, 21(5), 361-367. http://doi.org/10.1001/jamafacial.2019.0328
Chhabra, J., Pilkington, V., Benakovic, R., Wilson, M. J., La Sala, L., & Seidler, Z. (2025). Social media and youth mental health: Scoping review of platform and policy recommendations. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e72061. https://doi.org/10.2196/72061
Çınaroğlu, M., & Yılmazer, E. (2025). Problematic social media use, self-objectification, and body image disturbance: The moderating roles of physical activity and diet intensity. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 18, 931-952. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S517193
Díaz, D., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Blanco, A., Moreno-Jiménez, B., Gallardo, I., Valle, C., & van Dierendonck, D. (2006). Spanish adaptation of the psychological well-being scales (PWBS). Psicothema, 18(3), 572-577.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Extremera, N., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2014). The Subjective Happiness Scale: Translation and preliminary psychometric evaluation of a Spanish version. Social Indicators Research, 119, 473-481. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0497-2
Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2015). Negative comparisons about one’s appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns. Body Image, 12, 82-88. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.004
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
González, S. C., Romero, A. I. A., Fernández, N. R., & Corrales, J. A. P. (2025). Consumption and uses of Instagram in adolescents from Asturias (Spain): What do they apply filters for in their photographs and how do they impact their social interactions?. Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 83, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2025-2326
Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2008). The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies. Psychological Bulletin, 134(3), 460-476. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460
IBM Corp. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 24.0) [Computer software]. IBM Corp.
Johannes, N., Nguyen, T. V., Weinstein, N., & Przybylski, A. K. (2021). Objective, subjective, and accurate reporting of social media use: No evidence that daily social media use correlates with personality traits, motivational states, or well-being. Technology, Mind, and Behavior, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1037/tmb0000035
Jiménez-García, A. M., Arias, N., Hontanaya, E. P., Sanz, A., & García-Velasco, O. (2025). Impact of body-positive social media content on body image perception. Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-025-01286-y
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping (Vol. 445). Springer.
Lee, M., & Lee, H. -H. (2021). Social media photo activity, internalization, appearance comparison, and body satisfaction: The moderating role of photo-editing behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106579. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106579
Lee-Won, R. J., Joo, Y. K., Baek, Y. M., Hu, D., & Park, S. G. (2020). “Obsessed with retouching your selfies? Check your mindset!”: Female Instagram users with a fixed mindset are at greater risk of disordered eating. Personality and Individual Differences, 167, 110223. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110223
Lobera, I. J., & Ríos, P. B. (2011). Spanish version of the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) for adolescents. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 411-420. http://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.37
Lonergan, A. R., Bussey, K., Mond, J., Brown, O., Griffiths, S., Murray, S. B., & Mitchison, D. (2019). Me, my selfie, and i: The relationship between editing and posting selfies and body dissatisfaction in men and women. Body Image, 28, 39-43. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.12.001
López-Gómez, I., Hervás, G., & Vázquez, C. (2015). Adaptación de la “Escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo” (PANAS) en una muestra general española. Psicología Conductual, 23(3), 529-548. Retrieved from: https://www.behavioralpsycho.com/producto/adaptacion-de-las-escalas-de-afecto-positivo-y-negativo-panas-en-una-muestra-general-espanola/
Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137-155. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006824100041
Marciano, L., Ostroumova, M., Schulz, P. J., & Camerini, A. -L. (2022). Digital media use and adolescents' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in public health, 9, 793868. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.793868
Martín-Albo, J., Núñez, J. L., Navarro, J. G., & Grijalvo, F. (2007). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Translation and validation in university Students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 458 - 467. http://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600006727
Martínez-Pérez, N., Cuenca-Orellana, N., & Dueñas-Mohedas, S. (2024). Instagram and body image: Factors of reification among adolescent girls in Spain. VISUAL REVIEW. International Visual Culture Review Revista Internacional De Cultura Visual, 16(7), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.62161/revvisual.v16.5392
McComb, C. A., Vanman, E. J., & Tobin, S. J. (2023). A meta-analysis of the effects of social media exposure to upward comparison targets on self-evaluations and emotions. Media Psychology, 26(5), 612-635. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2180647
McGovern, O., Collins, R., & Dunne, S. (2022). The associations between photo-editing and body concerns among females: A systematic review. Body Image, 43, 504-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.10.013
Meier, E. P., & Gray, J. (2014). Facebook photo activity associated with body image disturbance in adolescent girls. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(4), 199-206. http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0305
Morán-Astorga, C., Landero-Hernández, R., & González-Ramírez, M. T. (2010). COPE-28: un análisis psicométrico de la versión en español del Brief COPE. Universitas Psychologica, 9(2) 543-552. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy9-2.capv
Nagata, J. M., Huang, O., Hur, J. O., Li, E. J., Helmer, C. K., Weinstein, E., & Moreno, M. A. (2024). Health benefits of social media use in adolescents and young adults. Current Pediatrics Reports, 13(22), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-025-00357-7
O’Neill, D. (2021). Investigating the relationship between social media and photo-editing on anxiety, depression and self-esteem [Doctoral dissertation, National College of Ireland]. NORMA eResearch @NCI Library. https://norma.ncirl.ie/4961/1/denishaoneill.pdf
Othman, S., Lyons, T., Cohn, J. E., Shokri, T., & Bloom, J. D. (2021). The influence of photo editing applications on patients seeking facial plastic surgery services. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 41(3), NP101-NP110. http://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaa065
Parry, D. A., Fisher, J. T., Mieczkowski, H., Sewall, C. J. R., & Davidson, B. I. (2022). Social media and well-being: A methodological perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.11.005
Rammstedt, B., & John, O. P. (2007). Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 203-212. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.02.001
Ramzan, I., & Siddiqui, B. (2021). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for managing body image dissatisfaction. PJPPRP, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.62663/pjpprp.v12i2.41
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t01038-000
Ryff, C. D. (1989). 'Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
Sanzari, C. M., Gorrell, S., Anderson, L. M., Reilly, E. E., Niemiec, M. A., Orloff, N. C., Anderson, D. A., & Hormes, J. M. (2023). The impact of social media use on body image and disordered eating behaviors: Content matters more than duration of exposure. Eating behaviors, 49, 101722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101722
Silva, C., Jiménez-Cruz, B. E., Rosales, J. R., Hernández, A., Brito, K., & Moreno, A. (2016). Adaptación del inventario de esquemas sobre la Apariencia-Revisado (ASI-R) para población de habla hispana. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica, 2(42), 85-94. http://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP42_85
Song, S., Mohd-Adnan, H., & Shamsul-Ibrahim, M. (2025). The impact of functionality-focused social media images on positive body image: an experimental study among young Chinese women. Frontiers in Communication, 10, 1623759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1623759
Skowronski, M., Busching, R., & Krahé, B. (2021). Links between exposure to sexualized Instagram images and body image concerns in girls and boys. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 34(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000296
Tiggemann, M., Anderberg, I., & Brown, Z. (2020). Uploading your best self: Selfie editing and body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 33, 175-182. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.03.002
To, J. (2016). Mindfulness may improve body dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder by reducing destructive social comparisons. Inkblot, 5, 9-13. https://inkblotuoft.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/janice-to.pdf
Varaona, A., Alvarez-Mon, M. A., Serrano-Garcia, I., Díaz-Marsá, M., Looi, J. C. L., & Molina-Ruiz, R. M. (2024). Exploring the relationship between Instagram use and self-criticism, self-compassion, and body dissatisfaction in the Spanish population: Observational study. Journal of medical internet research, 26, e51957. https://doi.org/10.2196/51957
Vázquez, C., Duque, A., & Hervás, G. (2013). Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) en una muestra representativa de españoles adultos: Validación y datos normativos. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16(82), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2013.82
Voelker, D. K., Reel, J. J., & Greenleaf, C. (2015). Weight status and body image perceptions in adolescents: current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 6, 149-158. http://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S68344
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2025 Desiré Abrante Rodríguez, Mónica Carballeira-Abella