Photo editing on Instagram: Effects on body image, coping and well-being in young Spanish women
HTML Full Text
PDF
XML

Keywords

photo editing
Instagram
body image
coping
well-being
women

How to Cite

Abrante-Rodríguez, D., & Carballeira-Abella, M. . (2025). Photo editing on Instagram: Effects on body image, coping and well-being in young Spanish women. Universitas Psychologica, 24, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy24.peie
Almetrics
 
Dimensions
 

Google Scholar
 
Search GoogleScholar

Abstract

Image-centric social media, such as Instagram, are key platforms for self-presentation. Users can edit their photographs to achieve an idealized appearance, which may impact their psychological well-being. The aim of this study was twofold: a) to analyze photo-editing behaviors on Instagram and b) to examine the differences in positive body image, coping strategies, self-esteem, and well-being between young Spanish women who engage in high- and low-frequency photo editing. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 395 women (ages 18-35). The results indicate that participants who edited their photos more frequently (e.g., using filters or altering their body shape) reported a poorer body image, a greater tendency to define themselves by their physical appearance, higher use of maladaptive coping strategies (such as denial and substance use), and lower subjective and psychological well-being compared to those who edited their photos less often. These findings underscore the importance of addressing photo-editing behaviors in mental health interventions for young populations.

HTML Full Text
PDF
XML

Alfonso-Fuertes, I., Alvarez-Mon, M. A., Del Hoyo, R. S., Ortega, M. A., Alvarez-Mon, M., & Molina-Ruiz, R. M. (2023). Time spent on Instagram and body image, self-esteem, and physical comparison among young adults in Spain: Observational study. JMIR formative research, 7, e42207. https://doi.org/10.2196/42207

American Psychological Association. (2023, may). Health advisory on social media use in adolescence. APA. https://www.apa.org/topics/social-media-internet/health-advisory-adolescent-social-media-use

Avalos, L., Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. (2005). The Body Appreciation Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 2(3), 285-297. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002

Bellón-Saameño, J. S., Delgado-Sánchez, A., Luna del Castillo, J. D., & Lardelli-Claret, P. (1996). Validity and reliability of the Duke-UNC-11 questionnaire of functional social support. Atención Primaria, 18(4), 153-163. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8962994/

Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los cinco grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3), 729-750. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.729

Bonfanti, R. C., Melchiori, F., Teti, A., Albano, G., Raffard, S., Rodgers, R., & Coco, G. L. (2025). The association between social comparison in social media, body image concerns and eating disorder symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Body image, 52, 101841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101841

Broadhead, W. E., Gehlbach, S. H., De Gruy, F. V., & Kaplan, B. H. (1988). The Duke–UNC Functional social support questionnaire: Measurement of social support in family medicine patients. Medical Care, 26(7), 709-723. http://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198807000-00006

Brown, Z., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). Attractive celebrity and peer images on Instagram: Effect on women's mood and body image. Body Image, 19, 37-43. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.007

Butterfly Foundation (2023). Body kind youth survey: Your body image, your voice 2023 report. Retrieved from http://www.butterfly.org.au/youthsurveyfindings

Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’ too long: Consider the brief cope. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6

Cash, T. F., & Grasso, K. (2005). The norms and stability of new measures of the multidimensional body image construct. Body Image, 2(2), 199-203. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.03.007

Chen, J., Ishii, M., Bater, K. L., Darrach, H., Liao, D., Huynh, P. P., Reh, I. P., Nellis, J. C., Kumar, A. R.,& Ishii, L. E. (2019). Association between the use of social media and photograph editing applications, self-esteem, and cosmetic surgery acceptance. JAMA facial plastic surgery, 21(5), 361-367. http://doi.org/10.1001/jamafacial.2019.0328

Chhabra, J., Pilkington, V., Benakovic, R., Wilson, M. J., La Sala, L., & Seidler, Z. (2025). Social media and youth mental health: Scoping review of platform and policy recommendations. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e72061. https://doi.org/10.2196/72061

Çınaroğlu, M., & Yılmazer, E. (2025). Problematic social media use, self-objectification, and body image disturbance: The moderating roles of physical activity and diet intensity. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 18, 931-952. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S517193

Díaz, D., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Blanco, A., Moreno-Jiménez, B., Gallardo, I., Valle, C., & van Dierendonck, D. (2006). Spanish adaptation of the psychological well-being scales (PWBS). Psicothema, 18(3), 572-577.

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

Extremera, N., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2014). The Subjective Happiness Scale: Translation and preliminary psychometric evaluation of a Spanish version. Social Indicators Research, 119, 473-481. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0497-2

Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2015). Negative comparisons about one’s appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns. Body Image, 12, 82-88. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.004

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149

Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202

González, S. C., Romero, A. I. A., Fernández, N. R., & Corrales, J. A. P. (2025). Consumption and uses of Instagram in adolescents from Asturias (Spain): What do they apply filters for in their photographs and how do they impact their social interactions?. Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 83, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2025-2326

Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2008). The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies. Psychological Bulletin, 134(3), 460-476. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460

IBM Corp. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 24.0) [Computer software]. IBM Corp.

Johannes, N., Nguyen, T. V., Weinstein, N., & Przybylski, A. K. (2021). Objective, subjective, and accurate reporting of social media use: No evidence that daily social media use correlates with personality traits, motivational states, or well-being. Technology, Mind, and Behavior, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1037/tmb0000035

Jiménez-García, A. M., Arias, N., Hontanaya, E. P., Sanz, A., & García-Velasco, O. (2025). Impact of body-positive social media content on body image perception. Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-025-01286-y

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping (Vol. 445). Springer.

Lee, M., & Lee, H. -H. (2021). Social media photo activity, internalization, appearance comparison, and body satisfaction: The moderating role of photo-editing behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106579. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106579

Lee-Won, R. J., Joo, Y. K., Baek, Y. M., Hu, D., & Park, S. G. (2020). “Obsessed with retouching your selfies? Check your mindset!”: Female Instagram users with a fixed mindset are at greater risk of disordered eating. Personality and Individual Differences, 167, 110223. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110223

Lobera, I. J., & Ríos, P. B. (2011). Spanish version of the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) for adolescents. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 411-420. http://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.37

Lonergan, A. R., Bussey, K., Mond, J., Brown, O., Griffiths, S., Murray, S. B., & Mitchison, D. (2019). Me, my selfie, and i: The relationship between editing and posting selfies and body dissatisfaction in men and women. Body Image, 28, 39-43. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.12.001

López-Gómez, I., Hervás, G., & Vázquez, C. (2015). Adaptación de la “Escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo” (PANAS) en una muestra general española. Psicología Conductual, 23(3), 529-548. Retrieved from: https://www.behavioralpsycho.com/producto/adaptacion-de-las-escalas-de-afecto-positivo-y-negativo-panas-en-una-muestra-general-espanola/

Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137-155. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006824100041

Marciano, L., Ostroumova, M., Schulz, P. J., & Camerini, A. -L. (2022). Digital media use and adolescents' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in public health, 9, 793868. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.793868

Martín-Albo, J., Núñez, J. L., Navarro, J. G., & Grijalvo, F. (2007). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Translation and validation in university Students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 458 - 467. http://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600006727

Martínez-Pérez, N., Cuenca-Orellana, N., & Dueñas-Mohedas, S. (2024). Instagram and body image: Factors of reification among adolescent girls in Spain. VISUAL REVIEW. International Visual Culture Review Revista Internacional De Cultura Visual, 16(7), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.62161/revvisual.v16.5392

McComb, C. A., Vanman, E. J., & Tobin, S. J. (2023). A meta-analysis of the effects of social media exposure to upward comparison targets on self-evaluations and emotions. Media Psychology, 26(5), 612-635. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2180647

McGovern, O., Collins, R., & Dunne, S. (2022). The associations between photo-editing and body concerns among females: A systematic review. Body Image, 43, 504-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.10.013

Meier, E. P., & Gray, J. (2014). Facebook photo activity associated with body image disturbance in adolescent girls. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(4), 199-206. http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0305

Morán-Astorga, C., Landero-Hernández, R., & González-Ramírez, M. T. (2010). COPE-28: un análisis psicométrico de la versión en español del Brief COPE. Universitas Psychologica, 9(2) 543-552. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy9-2.capv

Nagata, J. M., Huang, O., Hur, J. O., Li, E. J., Helmer, C. K., Weinstein, E., & Moreno, M. A. (2024). Health benefits of social media use in adolescents and young adults. Current Pediatrics Reports, 13(22), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-025-00357-7

O’Neill, D. (2021). Investigating the relationship between social media and photo-editing on anxiety, depression and self-esteem [Doctoral dissertation, National College of Ireland]. NORMA eResearch @NCI Library. https://norma.ncirl.ie/4961/1/denishaoneill.pdf

Othman, S., Lyons, T., Cohn, J. E., Shokri, T., & Bloom, J. D. (2021). The influence of photo editing applications on patients seeking facial plastic surgery services. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 41(3), NP101-NP110. http://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaa065

Parry, D. A., Fisher, J. T., Mieczkowski, H., Sewall, C. J. R., & Davidson, B. I. (2022). Social media and well-being: A methodological perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.11.005

Rammstedt, B., & John, O. P. (2007). Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 203-212. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.02.001

Ramzan, I., & Siddiqui, B. (2021). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for managing body image dissatisfaction. PJPPRP, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.62663/pjpprp.v12i2.41

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t01038-000

Ryff, C. D. (1989). 'Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069

Sanzari, C. M., Gorrell, S., Anderson, L. M., Reilly, E. E., Niemiec, M. A., Orloff, N. C., Anderson, D. A., & Hormes, J. M. (2023). The impact of social media use on body image and disordered eating behaviors: Content matters more than duration of exposure. Eating behaviors, 49, 101722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101722

Silva, C., Jiménez-Cruz, B. E., Rosales, J. R., Hernández, A., Brito, K., & Moreno, A. (2016). Adaptación del inventario de esquemas sobre la Apariencia-Revisado (ASI-R) para población de habla hispana. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica, 2(42), 85-94. http://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP42_85

Song, S., Mohd-Adnan, H., & Shamsul-Ibrahim, M. (2025). The impact of functionality-focused social media images on positive body image: an experimental study among young Chinese women. Frontiers in Communication, 10, 1623759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1623759

Skowronski, M., Busching, R., & Krahé, B. (2021). Links between exposure to sexualized Instagram images and body image concerns in girls and boys. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 34(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000296

Tiggemann, M., Anderberg, I., & Brown, Z. (2020). Uploading your best self: Selfie editing and body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 33, 175-182. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.03.002

To, J. (2016). Mindfulness may improve body dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder by reducing destructive social comparisons. Inkblot, 5, 9-13. https://inkblotuoft.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/janice-to.pdf

Varaona, A., Alvarez-Mon, M. A., Serrano-Garcia, I., Díaz-Marsá, M., Looi, J. C. L., & Molina-Ruiz, R. M. (2024). Exploring the relationship between Instagram use and self-criticism, self-compassion, and body dissatisfaction in the Spanish population: Observational study. Journal of medical internet research, 26, e51957. https://doi.org/10.2196/51957

Vázquez, C., Duque, A., & Hervás, G. (2013). Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) en una muestra representativa de españoles adultos: Validación y datos normativos. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16(82), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2013.82

Voelker, D. K., Reel, J. J., & Greenleaf, C. (2015). Weight status and body image perceptions in adolescents: current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 6, 149-158. http://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S68344

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 Desiré Abrante Rodríguez, Mónica Carballeira-Abella