El disfrute como mediador de la salud en el ejercicio físico
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jul 1, 2016
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Resumen
En el presente estudio se comprobó un modelo predictivo del soporte social de la autonomía del practicante sobre el mediador relación con los demás, éste sobre la motivación intrínseca, éste sobre el disfrute, y por último, se comprobó la predicción del disfrute sobre el motivo fitness/salud. Se utilizó una muestra de 682 practicantes de actividades físicas no competitivas con una edad media de 35.50 ± 11.70 años. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mostraron una predicción positiva del soporte de autonomía del practicante hacia la relación con los demás, ésta predijo la motivación intrínseca, que a su vez predijo el disfrute y finalmente el motivo de fitness/salud. Se discuten los resultados en pro de valorar la importancia de fomentar el disfrute en los practicantes para incrementar la práctica física saludable.
Keywords
intrinsic motivation, autonomy, fitness/health, fun, exercisemotivación, autonomía, salud, diversión, actividad física.
References
Adie, J., Duda, J., & Ntoumanis, N. (2008). Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: a test of basic needs theory. Motivation and Emotion, 32, 189-199.
Almagro, B. J., Sáenz-López, P., & Moreno, J. A. (2010). Prediction of sport adherence through the influence of autonomy-supportive coaching among Spanish adolescent athletes. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9, 8-14.
Álvarez, M. S., Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J. L. (2009). Coach autonomy support and quality of sport engagement in young soccer players. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12, 138–148.
Amorose, A. J., & Anderson-Butcher, D. (2009). Autonomy-supportive coaching and self-determinated motivation in high school and college athletes: A test of self-determination theory. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(5), 654-670.
Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., Duda, J. L., & García-Merita, M. (2011). Asociaciones entre la percepción del clima motivacional creado por el entrenador, orientaciones disposicionales de meta, regulaciones motivacionales y vitalidad subjetiva en jóvenes jugadoras de tenis. Revista de Psicología del deporte, 20(1), 133-148.
Barbeau, A., Sweet, S., & Fortier, M. (2009). A pathanalytic model of self-determination theory in a physical activity context. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 14(3), 103-118.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
Castillo, I., Duda, J. L., Álvarez, M. S., Mercé, J., & Balaguer, I. (2011). Clima motivacional, metas de logro de aproximación y evitación y bienestar en futbolistas cadetes. Revista de Psicología del Deporte. 20(1), 149-164.
Cecchini, J. A., Méndez, A., & Muñiz, J. (2002). Motives for practicing sport in Spanish schoolchildren. Psicothema, 14, 523-531.
Chatzisarantis, N., & Hagger, M. (2009). Effects of an intervention based on self-determination theory on self-reported leisure-time physical activity participation. Psychology & Health, 24(1), 29-48.
Conde, C., Sáenz-López, Carmona, J., González-Cutre, D., Martínez Galindo, C., & Moreno, J. A. (2010). Validación del Cuestionario de Percepción de Apoyo a la la Autonomía en el Proceso de Entrenamiento (ASCQ) en jóvenes deportistas españoles. Estudios de Psicología, 31(2), 145-157.
Conroy, D. E., & Coasworth, J. D. (2007). Assesssing autonomy-supportive coaching strategies in youth sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 671-684.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: human needs and the selfdetermination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.
Diener, E., & Emmons, R. (1984). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 105-1117.
Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2006). A test of Self-Determination Theory in the exercise domain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 2240-2265.
Emmons, R. (1991). Personal strivings, daily life events, and psychological and physical well-being. Journal of Personality, 59, 453-472.
García-Ferrando, M. (2006). Posmodernidad y deporte: Entre la individualización y la masificación. Encuesta sobre hábitos deportivos de los españoles 2005. Madrid: CSD y CIS.
Grouzet, F., Vallerand, R., Thill, E., & Provencher, P. (2004). From environmental factors to outcomes: a test of an integrated motivational sequence. Motivation and Emotion, 28, 331-346.
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Hein, V., Pihu, M., Soós, I., & Karsai, I. (2007). The perceived autonomy support scale for exercise settings (PASSES): development, validity, and cross-cultural invariance in young people. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 632-653.
Hershberger, S. L. (2006). The problem of equivalent structural models. En G. R. Hancock y R. O. Mueller (Eds.), Structural equation modeling: a second course (pp. 13-42). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Huéscar, E., & Moreno-Murcia, J. A. (2012). Relación del tipo de feed-back del docente con la percepción de autonomía del alumnado en clases de educación física. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 35(1), 87-98.
Jackson, S. (1996). Toward a conceptual understanding of the flow experience in elite athletes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, 76-90.
Kimiecik, J. C. (2000). Learn to love exercise. Psychology Today, 33, 20-22.
Kowal, J., & Fortier, M. S. (1999). Motivational determinants of flow contributions from Self Determination Theory. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 355-368.
La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2007). Why identities fluctuate: variability in traits as a function of situational variations in autonomy support. Journal of Personality, 75, 1205-1228.
Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). The coachathlete relationship: a motivational model. Journal of Sport Sciences, 21, 883-904.
Markland, D., & Tobin, V. (2004). A modification to the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire to include an assessment of a motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 191-196.
Martín-Albo, J., Núñez, J. L., Navarro, G., & Grijalvo, F. (2009). Un modelo motivacional explicativo del bienestar psicológico en la universidad. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 26(1), 41-54.
McDonald, R. P., & Marsh, H. W. (1990). Choosing a multivariate model: non centrality and goodness of fit. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 247-255.
Milyavskaya, M., & Koestner, R. (2011). Psychological needs, motivation, and well-being: a test of self-determination theory across multiple domains. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(3), 387-391.
Moraes, M., Corte-Real, N., Dias, C., & Fonseca, A. M. (2009). Satisfaçao com a vida, excercicio físico e consume de Tabaco en adolescentes de diferentes áreas geográficas de Portugal. Revista Brasileña de Ciencias del Deporte, 30(2), 137-149.
Moreno, J. A., Cervelló, E. M., & Martínez Camacho, A. (2007a). Measuring self-determination motivation in a physical fitness setting: validation of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) in a Spanish sample. The Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 47(3), 366-378.
Moreno, J. A., Cervelló, E., & Martínez Camacho, A. (2007b). Validación de la Escala de Medida de los Motivos para la Actividad Física-Revisada en españoles: diferencias por motivos de participación. Anales de Psicología, 23, 167-176.
Moreno, J. A., Conte, L., Borges, F., & González-Cutre, D. (2008). Necesidades psicológicas básicas, motivación intrínseca y propensión a la experiencia autotélica en el ejercicio físico. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 25, 305-312.
Moreno, J. A., López, M., Martínez, C., Alonso, N., & González-Cutre, D. (2008). Peer´s influence on exercise enjoyment: a self-determination theory approach. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 7, 23-31.
Moreno-Murcia, J. A., Huéscar, E., & Cervelló, E. (2012). Prediction of adolescents doing physical activity after completing secondary education. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(1), 90-100.
Moreno-Murcia, J. A., & Sánchez-Latorre, F. (2016). The effects of autonomy support in physical education classes. RICYDE, Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 12(43), 79-89.
Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Astine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 430-445.
Núñez, J. L., Martín-Albo, J., Paredes, A., Rodríguez, O., & Chipana, N. (2011). The mediating role of perceived competence testing a motivational sequence in university students. Universitas Psychologica, 10(3), 669-680.
Patrick, H., Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., & Lonsbary, C. (2007). The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: a self-determination theory perpective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 434-457.
Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., & Brière, N. M. (2001). Associations among perceived autonomy support, forms of self-regulation, and persistance: a prospective study. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 279-306.
Reeve, J., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Elements of the competitive situation that affect intrinsic motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 6, 228-233.
Reinboth, M., & Duda, J. L. (2006). Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction and indices of well-being in team sports: a longitudinal study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7, 269-286.
Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Dialy well-being: the role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 419-435.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will? Journal of Personality, 74(6), 1557-1585.
Ryan, R. M., Frederick, C. M., Lepes, D., Rubio, N., & Sheldon, K. M. (1997). Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 335-354.
Ryan, R. M., Huta, V., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Livingwell: a self-determination theory perpective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 139-170.
Sánchez, J. M., & Núñez, J. L. (2007). Análisis preliminar de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Escala de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en el Ejercicio Físico. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 2(2), 83-92.
Shafizadeh, M. (2007). Relationships between goal orientation, motivational climate and perceived ability with intrinsic motivation and performance in physical education university students. Journal of Applied Sciences, 7, 2866-2870.
Sheldon, K. M., & Bettencourt, B. A. (2002). Psychological need-satisfaction and subjective well-being within social groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 25-38.
Sheldon, K., & Niemiec, C. (2006). It’s not just the amount that counts: balanced need satisfaction also affects well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 331-341.
Smith, A. L., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2007). Goal striving, goal attainment, and well-being: an adaptation and testing of the self-concondance model in sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29, 763-782.
Soric, I. (2009). Regulatory styles, causal attributions and academic achievement. School Psychology International, 30 (4), 403-420.
Torregrosa, M., Sousa, C., Viladrich, C., Villamarín, F., & Cruz, J. (2008). El clima motivacional y el estilo de comunicación del entrenador como predictores del compromiso en futbolistas jóvenes. Psicothema, 20, 254-259.
Ulrich-French, S., & Smith, A. L. (2009). Social and motivational predictors of continued youth sport participation. Psychology of Sport and Excercise, 10, 87-95.
Vallerand, R. J. (2001). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and exercise. En G. C. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 263-319). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Intrinsic motivation in sport. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 15, 389-425.
Vallerand, R. J., & Losier, G. F. (1999). An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 142-169.
Vlachopoulos, S., & Karageorghis, C. (2005). Interaction of external, introyected, and identified regulation with motivation in exercise: relationships with exercise enjoyment. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 20, 113-132.
Vlachopoulos, S., & Michailidou, S. (2006). Development and initial validation of a measure of autonomy, competence and relatedness in exercise: the basic psychological needs in exercise scale. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 10, 179-201.
Weinberg, R., Tenenbaum, G., McKenzie, A., Jackson, S., Anshel, M., Grove, R., & Fogarty, G. (2000). Motivation for youth participation in sport and physical activity: relationships to culture, selfreported activity levels, and gender. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31, 231-346.
Wilson, P., Longley, K., Muon, S., Rodgers, W., & Murray, T. C. (2006). Examining the contributions of perceived psychological need satisfaction to wellbeing in exercise. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 11, 243-264.
Almagro, B. J., Sáenz-López, P., & Moreno, J. A. (2010). Prediction of sport adherence through the influence of autonomy-supportive coaching among Spanish adolescent athletes. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9, 8-14.
Álvarez, M. S., Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J. L. (2009). Coach autonomy support and quality of sport engagement in young soccer players. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12, 138–148.
Amorose, A. J., & Anderson-Butcher, D. (2009). Autonomy-supportive coaching and self-determinated motivation in high school and college athletes: A test of self-determination theory. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(5), 654-670.
Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., Duda, J. L., & García-Merita, M. (2011). Asociaciones entre la percepción del clima motivacional creado por el entrenador, orientaciones disposicionales de meta, regulaciones motivacionales y vitalidad subjetiva en jóvenes jugadoras de tenis. Revista de Psicología del deporte, 20(1), 133-148.
Barbeau, A., Sweet, S., & Fortier, M. (2009). A pathanalytic model of self-determination theory in a physical activity context. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 14(3), 103-118.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
Castillo, I., Duda, J. L., Álvarez, M. S., Mercé, J., & Balaguer, I. (2011). Clima motivacional, metas de logro de aproximación y evitación y bienestar en futbolistas cadetes. Revista de Psicología del Deporte. 20(1), 149-164.
Cecchini, J. A., Méndez, A., & Muñiz, J. (2002). Motives for practicing sport in Spanish schoolchildren. Psicothema, 14, 523-531.
Chatzisarantis, N., & Hagger, M. (2009). Effects of an intervention based on self-determination theory on self-reported leisure-time physical activity participation. Psychology & Health, 24(1), 29-48.
Conde, C., Sáenz-López, Carmona, J., González-Cutre, D., Martínez Galindo, C., & Moreno, J. A. (2010). Validación del Cuestionario de Percepción de Apoyo a la la Autonomía en el Proceso de Entrenamiento (ASCQ) en jóvenes deportistas españoles. Estudios de Psicología, 31(2), 145-157.
Conroy, D. E., & Coasworth, J. D. (2007). Assesssing autonomy-supportive coaching strategies in youth sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 671-684.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: human needs and the selfdetermination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.
Diener, E., & Emmons, R. (1984). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 105-1117.
Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2006). A test of Self-Determination Theory in the exercise domain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 2240-2265.
Emmons, R. (1991). Personal strivings, daily life events, and psychological and physical well-being. Journal of Personality, 59, 453-472.
García-Ferrando, M. (2006). Posmodernidad y deporte: Entre la individualización y la masificación. Encuesta sobre hábitos deportivos de los españoles 2005. Madrid: CSD y CIS.
Grouzet, F., Vallerand, R., Thill, E., & Provencher, P. (2004). From environmental factors to outcomes: a test of an integrated motivational sequence. Motivation and Emotion, 28, 331-346.
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Hein, V., Pihu, M., Soós, I., & Karsai, I. (2007). The perceived autonomy support scale for exercise settings (PASSES): development, validity, and cross-cultural invariance in young people. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 632-653.
Hershberger, S. L. (2006). The problem of equivalent structural models. En G. R. Hancock y R. O. Mueller (Eds.), Structural equation modeling: a second course (pp. 13-42). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Huéscar, E., & Moreno-Murcia, J. A. (2012). Relación del tipo de feed-back del docente con la percepción de autonomía del alumnado en clases de educación física. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 35(1), 87-98.
Jackson, S. (1996). Toward a conceptual understanding of the flow experience in elite athletes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, 76-90.
Kimiecik, J. C. (2000). Learn to love exercise. Psychology Today, 33, 20-22.
Kowal, J., & Fortier, M. S. (1999). Motivational determinants of flow contributions from Self Determination Theory. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 355-368.
La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2007). Why identities fluctuate: variability in traits as a function of situational variations in autonomy support. Journal of Personality, 75, 1205-1228.
Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). The coachathlete relationship: a motivational model. Journal of Sport Sciences, 21, 883-904.
Markland, D., & Tobin, V. (2004). A modification to the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire to include an assessment of a motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 191-196.
Martín-Albo, J., Núñez, J. L., Navarro, G., & Grijalvo, F. (2009). Un modelo motivacional explicativo del bienestar psicológico en la universidad. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 26(1), 41-54.
McDonald, R. P., & Marsh, H. W. (1990). Choosing a multivariate model: non centrality and goodness of fit. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 247-255.
Milyavskaya, M., & Koestner, R. (2011). Psychological needs, motivation, and well-being: a test of self-determination theory across multiple domains. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(3), 387-391.
Moraes, M., Corte-Real, N., Dias, C., & Fonseca, A. M. (2009). Satisfaçao com a vida, excercicio físico e consume de Tabaco en adolescentes de diferentes áreas geográficas de Portugal. Revista Brasileña de Ciencias del Deporte, 30(2), 137-149.
Moreno, J. A., Cervelló, E. M., & Martínez Camacho, A. (2007a). Measuring self-determination motivation in a physical fitness setting: validation of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) in a Spanish sample. The Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 47(3), 366-378.
Moreno, J. A., Cervelló, E., & Martínez Camacho, A. (2007b). Validación de la Escala de Medida de los Motivos para la Actividad Física-Revisada en españoles: diferencias por motivos de participación. Anales de Psicología, 23, 167-176.
Moreno, J. A., Conte, L., Borges, F., & González-Cutre, D. (2008). Necesidades psicológicas básicas, motivación intrínseca y propensión a la experiencia autotélica en el ejercicio físico. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 25, 305-312.
Moreno, J. A., López, M., Martínez, C., Alonso, N., & González-Cutre, D. (2008). Peer´s influence on exercise enjoyment: a self-determination theory approach. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 7, 23-31.
Moreno-Murcia, J. A., Huéscar, E., & Cervelló, E. (2012). Prediction of adolescents doing physical activity after completing secondary education. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(1), 90-100.
Moreno-Murcia, J. A., & Sánchez-Latorre, F. (2016). The effects of autonomy support in physical education classes. RICYDE, Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 12(43), 79-89.
Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Astine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 430-445.
Núñez, J. L., Martín-Albo, J., Paredes, A., Rodríguez, O., & Chipana, N. (2011). The mediating role of perceived competence testing a motivational sequence in university students. Universitas Psychologica, 10(3), 669-680.
Patrick, H., Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., & Lonsbary, C. (2007). The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: a self-determination theory perpective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 434-457.
Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., & Brière, N. M. (2001). Associations among perceived autonomy support, forms of self-regulation, and persistance: a prospective study. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 279-306.
Reeve, J., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Elements of the competitive situation that affect intrinsic motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 6, 228-233.
Reinboth, M., & Duda, J. L. (2006). Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction and indices of well-being in team sports: a longitudinal study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7, 269-286.
Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Dialy well-being: the role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 419-435.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will? Journal of Personality, 74(6), 1557-1585.
Ryan, R. M., Frederick, C. M., Lepes, D., Rubio, N., & Sheldon, K. M. (1997). Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 335-354.
Ryan, R. M., Huta, V., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Livingwell: a self-determination theory perpective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 139-170.
Sánchez, J. M., & Núñez, J. L. (2007). Análisis preliminar de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Escala de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en el Ejercicio Físico. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 2(2), 83-92.
Shafizadeh, M. (2007). Relationships between goal orientation, motivational climate and perceived ability with intrinsic motivation and performance in physical education university students. Journal of Applied Sciences, 7, 2866-2870.
Sheldon, K. M., & Bettencourt, B. A. (2002). Psychological need-satisfaction and subjective well-being within social groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 25-38.
Sheldon, K., & Niemiec, C. (2006). It’s not just the amount that counts: balanced need satisfaction also affects well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 331-341.
Smith, A. L., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2007). Goal striving, goal attainment, and well-being: an adaptation and testing of the self-concondance model in sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29, 763-782.
Soric, I. (2009). Regulatory styles, causal attributions and academic achievement. School Psychology International, 30 (4), 403-420.
Torregrosa, M., Sousa, C., Viladrich, C., Villamarín, F., & Cruz, J. (2008). El clima motivacional y el estilo de comunicación del entrenador como predictores del compromiso en futbolistas jóvenes. Psicothema, 20, 254-259.
Ulrich-French, S., & Smith, A. L. (2009). Social and motivational predictors of continued youth sport participation. Psychology of Sport and Excercise, 10, 87-95.
Vallerand, R. J. (2001). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and exercise. En G. C. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 263-319). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Intrinsic motivation in sport. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 15, 389-425.
Vallerand, R. J., & Losier, G. F. (1999). An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 142-169.
Vlachopoulos, S., & Karageorghis, C. (2005). Interaction of external, introyected, and identified regulation with motivation in exercise: relationships with exercise enjoyment. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 20, 113-132.
Vlachopoulos, S., & Michailidou, S. (2006). Development and initial validation of a measure of autonomy, competence and relatedness in exercise: the basic psychological needs in exercise scale. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 10, 179-201.
Weinberg, R., Tenenbaum, G., McKenzie, A., Jackson, S., Anshel, M., Grove, R., & Fogarty, G. (2000). Motivation for youth participation in sport and physical activity: relationships to culture, selfreported activity levels, and gender. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31, 231-346.
Wilson, P., Longley, K., Muon, S., Rodgers, W., & Murray, T. C. (2006). Examining the contributions of perceived psychological need satisfaction to wellbeing in exercise. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 11, 243-264.
Cómo citar
MORENO-MURCIA, J. A., CERVELLÓ GIMENO, E., HUÉSCAR HERNÁNDEZ, E., & AVILÉS, A. B. (2016). El disfrute como mediador de la salud en el ejercicio físico. Universitas Psychologica, 15(1), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy15-1.dmse
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