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Abstract
Objetivo: evaluar la literatura científica internacional que reportara técnicas, resultados clínicos y el proceso de cicatrización ósea de los procedimientos de preservación de alvéolos postexodoncia que utilizaran xenoinjertos, aloinjertos y aquellos que permitieran la cicatrización natural del alvéolo. Métodos: en esta revisión de la literatura, las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Medline/PubMed, Wiley Online Library, OVID, EBSCO, ScienceDirect y Nature.com. Fueron incluidos artículos en inglés, español e italiano de revistas indexadas en bases de datos científicas en línea y presentados por el buscador, al utilizar el término MeSH alveolar ridge preservation. La búsqueda no fue limitada por fecha de publicación y fueron incluidos los artículos disponibles en texto completo. Resultados: en total se analizaron 99 publicaciones. A partir de estos estudios se evidencia que ocurre menor pérdida vertical y horizontal en los sitios preservados comparados con sitios no injertados. Al utilizar aloinjertos, se reportan desde ganancias de 1,3 hasta pérdidas de 1,8 mm en sentido vertical, y al utilizar xenoinjertos, ganancias de 0,7 y pérdidas de 1,0 mm; en sentido horizontal, se reportan pérdidas entre 0,5 y 1,8 mm con aloinjertos y entre 0,5 y 2,1 mm con xenoinjertos. Conclusiones: debido a la diferencia de criterios de inclusión de los estudios analizados, no fue posible realizar una comparación estadística de la evidencia obtenida. Aunque las diferencias clínicas e histológicas no son significativas, la evidencia analizada reporta mejores resultados de preservación de alvéolos al utilizar xenoinjertos.
Aim: To evaluate the international scientific literature that refers to techniques, clinical results, and bone healing process of alveolar ridge preservation procedures when using xenografts and allografts and those allowing alveolar healing process. Methods: This literature review was performed using the scientific search engines Medline/PubMed, Wiley Online Library, OVID, EBSCO, ScienceDirect and Nature.com. Articles in English, Spanish and Italian published in journals indexed in scientific databases available online were included. The search was carried out with the MeSH term alveolar ridge preservation. The search was not restricted by publication date. All the full-text articles available on line were included. Results: 99 journal articles were found. It is evident that less vertical and horizontal bone loss occurs on preserved alveolar ridges than on non-treated sites. On-site treatments with allografts show a results ranging from 1.3 mm vertical bone gain to 1.8 mm vertical bone loss. On-site treatments with xenografts showed a range of response such as 0.7 mm vertical bone gain and 1.0 mm vertical bone loss. It was found that the use of allografts showed a horizontal bone loss of 0.5-1.8 mm while responses to xenografts were 0.5-2.1 mm. Conclusions: A statistical analysis of the evidence was not possible to carry out due to differences in inclusion criteria among the studies. Despite the clinical and histological differences were not significant, the evidence analyzed reports better results of alveolar ridge preservation using xenografts.
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