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Abstract
Antecedentes: Durante el proceso de morfogénesis dental se establecen complejas interfases morfofuncionales de unión entre los tejidos; así, entre el esmalte y la dentina se constituye la unión amelodentinaria (UAD), la cual corresponde a una interfase en la que elementos del esmalte y la dentina se interdigitan para conformar una solución de continuidad altamente resistente a las fuerzas verticales como una necesidad de los dientes para soportar el estrés funcional. Propósito: Describir la UAD a partir de los diferentes métodos de separación de la interfase entre el esmalte y la dentina y las técnicas de observación microscópica de dichas interfases reportadas en la literatura especializada. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistémica de la literatura mediante la búsqueda en las bases bibliográficas PubMed, Science-Direct, Hinari y SciELO con los descriptores enamel-dentin junction y enamel-dentin interface para clasificar los diferentes métodos de separación del esmalte y la dentina y la posterior observación y descripción de la UAD mediante diferentes técnicas de microscopia. Resultados: Los diferentes reportes evidencian que principalmente se han empleado técnicas que disuelven el esmalte con la acción de agentes ácidos, por lo que la descripción se ha centrado en la superficie de la UAD correspondiente a la dentina. Conclusiones: El patrón festoneado característico del espesor funcional de la UAD se puede observar de igual forma en dientes tratados con procedimientos químicos o separados con procedimientos físicos; emplear una de las dos obedece específicamente a la selección de la técnica de microscopia adecuada.
Background: Dental morphogenesis is an important phenomenon in which interaction between several tissues occurs. For instance, enamel and dentin form the dentine-enamel junction (DEJ), an interface that is highly resistant to vertical forces as the teeth is exposed to functional stress. Purpose: Describe the DEJ through several methods to separate the enamel and dentin interface and the techniques to observe microscopically such interfaces. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature by searching the PubMed, Science-Direct, SciELO, and Hinari bibliographic databases with descriptors like enameldentin and enamel-dentin junction interface, in order to classify the different methods of separation of enamel and dentin and subsequent observation and description of the DEJ using different microscopy techniques. Results: Different physical and chemical techniques have been used to study the DEJ. The most frequent is enamel dissolution on acid, so that the description has focused on the surface of the DEJ corresponding to dentin. Conclusions: A scalloping pattern characteristic functional DEJ thickness can be observed similarly in teeth treated with chemical or physical processes and depending also the microscopy technique used.
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