Mutacins detection in S. mutans biotypes isolated from preschool children with and without dental caries
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Streptococcus mutans is the main microorganism implied in dental caries. Different researches suggest that mutacins produced by this bacterium may be very important in the ability to exclude or preempt S. mutans establishment in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to determine the mutacin production in the S. mutans strains isolated and biotyped from patients with and without dental caries. Unstimulated saliva was collected from 53 3 to 5-year-old children from the Diego Torres School in Turmequé (Boyacá, Colombia). Saliva samples were vortexed and serially diluted in 0.05 M phosphate buffer. Aliquots of the appropriate dilutions were cultured on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar medium for the selective isolation of S. mutans, and incubated anaerobically for two days at 37°C. After, to the identification by biochemical tests, the strains isolated were biotyped with Api-ZYM enzymatic system (bioMérieux; Marcy-lE´toile, France). In order to determine the mutacins production, the strains were inoculated onto brain heart infusion agar (BHI). After a 48-hour CO2 incubation at 37°C, the plates were overlaid with 5 ml of 0,75% BHI agar containing 0.5 ml of an overnight BHI culture of the indicator strain. After additional 48 hours of CO2 incubation at 37oC the width of the inhibition zone was measured. The dental caries experience in these children was 66 (35/53) and S. mutans was found in the saliva of 33 children (62%). In the 33 strains of S. mutans 10 biotypes were found. The most frequent biotypes were the 10, 15 and the 11, respectively, with 9, 8 and 4 strains. Eight (24%) of the 33 evaluated strains produced mutacins, 6 of these strains came from patients with dental caries and the other two from patients without dental caries. The 8 strains which produced mutacins presented 5 different biotypes: 3 strains with biotype 10, 2 strains with biotype 14, and the last three ones were, respectively, biotypes 11, 15, and 17. The obtained results in this study are in agreement with the information reported in other works done with S. mutans. Conclusions: In the 33 strains of S. mutans evaluated, 8 strains (24%) which produced mutacins with 5 different biotypes were identified, which after accomplishing other requirements have a great option to be used in oral infections control in which S. mutans is involved.
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