Initial Assessment of the Pediatric Patient: How to Perform?
Published
Sep 11, 2012
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Abstract
In the pediatric emergency department, it is essential to recognize early clinical signs that indicate threat to the patient’s life and should be handled quickly, becoming a challenge for the medical team assisting. It requires a quick initial assessment of the critically ill patient, approaching it from a physiological point of view by analyzing the hemodynamic and respiratory compromise, preventing cardiac arrest. This first approach is called the Pediatric Assessment Triangle based on general appearance, breathing and circulation, in which visual and auditory examination is performed in the first seconds of the arrival of the pediatric patient to the emergency room allowing categorization of the clinical status to make the right decision.
Keywords
emergencia, triage rápido, triángulo de evaluación pediátrica, diagnóstico diferencial, Emergencies, rapid triage, pediatric assessment triangle, differential diagnosis,
References
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2. Jayashree M, Singhi SC. Initial assessment and triage in ER. Indian J Pediatr. 2011 Sep;78(9):1100-8.
3. Dieckmann RA, Brownstein D, Gausche-Hill M. The pediatric assessment triangle: a novel approach for the rapid evaluation
of children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2010 Apr;26(4):312-5.
4. Dieckmann RD BD, Gausche-Hill M. Pediatric education for prehospital professionals instructor toolkit. s. l.: American Academy of Pediatrics and Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2000.
5. Corrales AY, Starr M. Assessment of the unwell child. Aust Fam Physician. 2010 May;39(5):270-5.
6. Kleinman ME, Chameides L, Schexnayder SM, Samson RA, Hazinski MF, Atkins DL, et al. Part 14: pediatric advanced life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010 Nov 2;122(18 Suppl 3):S876-908.
7. Griffin E. Conducting triage research: lessons learned in a pediatric emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 2011 May;37(3):258-60.
8. Berg MD, Schexnayder SM, Chameides L, Terry M, Donoghue A, Hickey RW, et al. Part 13: pediatric basic life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010 Nov 2;122(18 Suppl 3):S862-75.
9. Soyer T, Deniz T, Akman H, Hancerliogullari O, Turkmen F, Cesur O, et al. The impact of Pediatric Trauma Score on burden of trauma in emergency room care. Turk J Pediatr. 2009 Jul-Aug;51(4):367-70.
10. Lodha R, Oleti TP, Kabra SK. Management of septic shock. Indian J Pediatr. 2011 Jun;78(6):726-33.
11. Gehri M, Flubacher P, Chablaix C, Curchod P. [Pediatrics. The PAT: a simple and rapid tool for the assessment of the severely ill or injured child]. Rev Med Suisse. 2011 Jan 12;7(277):64-6.
12. Dieckmann RD BD, Gausche-Hill M. Pediatric education for prehospital professionals instructor toolkit. s. l.: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2005.
13. Strehlow MC. Early identification of shock in critically ill patients. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2010 Feb;28(1):57-66, vii.
14. Santillanes G, Gausche-Hill M. Pediatric airway management. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2008 Nov;26(4):961-75, ix.
15. Zorc JJ, Hall CB. Bronchiolitis: recent evidence on diagnosis and management. Pediatrics. 2010 Feb;125(2):342-9.
16. Wald EL. Croup: common syndromes and therapy. Pediatr Ann. 2010 Jan;39(1):15-21.
17. Mathew JL, Singhi SC. Approach to a child with breathing difficulty. Indian J Pediatr. 2011 Sep;78(9):1118-26.
18. Biarent D, Bingham R, Eich C, Lopez-Herce J, Maconochie I, Rodriguez-Nunez A, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 6. Paediatric life support. Resuscitation. 2010 Oct;81(10):1364-88.
19. Turner NM. Recent developments in neonatal and paediatric emergencies. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Jul;28(7):471-7.
20. Sasidaran K, Singhi S, Singhi P. Management of acute seizure and status epilepticus in pediatric emergency. Indian J Pediatr. 2012 Apr;79(4):510-7.
21. Meyburg J, Bernhard M, Hoffmann GF, Motsch J. Principles of pediatric emergency care. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2009 Nov;106(45):739-47; quiz 48.
22. Henning S, Laschat M. [Review: common pediatric emergencies]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2009 Jun;44(6):430-7; quiz 8.
23. Kleinman ME, Chameides L, Schexnayder SM, Samson RA, Hazinski MF, Atkins DL, et al. Pediatric advanced life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Pediatrics. 2010
Nov;126(5):e1361-99.
24. Tress EE, Kochanek PM, Saladino RA, Manole MD. Cardiac arrest in children. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2010 Jul;3(3):267-72.
25. Boarding of pediatric patients in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2012 May;59(5):406-7.
26. Kriengsoontornkij W, Homcheon B, Chomchai C, Neamsomboon W. Accuracy of pediatric triage at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Oct;93(10):1172-6.
27. Hohenhaus SM, Travers D, Mecham N. Pediatric triage: a review of emergency education literature. J Emerg Nurs. 2008 Aug;34(4):308-13.
28. Sethuraman U, Kannikeswaran N, Chen X, Mahajan PV. Effect of a rapid assessment program on total length of stay in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011 Apr;27(4):295-300.
2. Jayashree M, Singhi SC. Initial assessment and triage in ER. Indian J Pediatr. 2011 Sep;78(9):1100-8.
3. Dieckmann RA, Brownstein D, Gausche-Hill M. The pediatric assessment triangle: a novel approach for the rapid evaluation
of children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2010 Apr;26(4):312-5.
4. Dieckmann RD BD, Gausche-Hill M. Pediatric education for prehospital professionals instructor toolkit. s. l.: American Academy of Pediatrics and Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2000.
5. Corrales AY, Starr M. Assessment of the unwell child. Aust Fam Physician. 2010 May;39(5):270-5.
6. Kleinman ME, Chameides L, Schexnayder SM, Samson RA, Hazinski MF, Atkins DL, et al. Part 14: pediatric advanced life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010 Nov 2;122(18 Suppl 3):S876-908.
7. Griffin E. Conducting triage research: lessons learned in a pediatric emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 2011 May;37(3):258-60.
8. Berg MD, Schexnayder SM, Chameides L, Terry M, Donoghue A, Hickey RW, et al. Part 13: pediatric basic life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010 Nov 2;122(18 Suppl 3):S862-75.
9. Soyer T, Deniz T, Akman H, Hancerliogullari O, Turkmen F, Cesur O, et al. The impact of Pediatric Trauma Score on burden of trauma in emergency room care. Turk J Pediatr. 2009 Jul-Aug;51(4):367-70.
10. Lodha R, Oleti TP, Kabra SK. Management of septic shock. Indian J Pediatr. 2011 Jun;78(6):726-33.
11. Gehri M, Flubacher P, Chablaix C, Curchod P. [Pediatrics. The PAT: a simple and rapid tool for the assessment of the severely ill or injured child]. Rev Med Suisse. 2011 Jan 12;7(277):64-6.
12. Dieckmann RD BD, Gausche-Hill M. Pediatric education for prehospital professionals instructor toolkit. s. l.: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2005.
13. Strehlow MC. Early identification of shock in critically ill patients. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2010 Feb;28(1):57-66, vii.
14. Santillanes G, Gausche-Hill M. Pediatric airway management. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2008 Nov;26(4):961-75, ix.
15. Zorc JJ, Hall CB. Bronchiolitis: recent evidence on diagnosis and management. Pediatrics. 2010 Feb;125(2):342-9.
16. Wald EL. Croup: common syndromes and therapy. Pediatr Ann. 2010 Jan;39(1):15-21.
17. Mathew JL, Singhi SC. Approach to a child with breathing difficulty. Indian J Pediatr. 2011 Sep;78(9):1118-26.
18. Biarent D, Bingham R, Eich C, Lopez-Herce J, Maconochie I, Rodriguez-Nunez A, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 6. Paediatric life support. Resuscitation. 2010 Oct;81(10):1364-88.
19. Turner NM. Recent developments in neonatal and paediatric emergencies. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Jul;28(7):471-7.
20. Sasidaran K, Singhi S, Singhi P. Management of acute seizure and status epilepticus in pediatric emergency. Indian J Pediatr. 2012 Apr;79(4):510-7.
21. Meyburg J, Bernhard M, Hoffmann GF, Motsch J. Principles of pediatric emergency care. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2009 Nov;106(45):739-47; quiz 48.
22. Henning S, Laschat M. [Review: common pediatric emergencies]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2009 Jun;44(6):430-7; quiz 8.
23. Kleinman ME, Chameides L, Schexnayder SM, Samson RA, Hazinski MF, Atkins DL, et al. Pediatric advanced life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Pediatrics. 2010
Nov;126(5):e1361-99.
24. Tress EE, Kochanek PM, Saladino RA, Manole MD. Cardiac arrest in children. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2010 Jul;3(3):267-72.
25. Boarding of pediatric patients in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2012 May;59(5):406-7.
26. Kriengsoontornkij W, Homcheon B, Chomchai C, Neamsomboon W. Accuracy of pediatric triage at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Oct;93(10):1172-6.
27. Hohenhaus SM, Travers D, Mecham N. Pediatric triage: a review of emergency education literature. J Emerg Nurs. 2008 Aug;34(4):308-13.
28. Sethuraman U, Kannikeswaran N, Chen X, Mahajan PV. Effect of a rapid assessment program on total length of stay in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011 Apr;27(4):295-300.
How to Cite
Bejarano Zuleta, J. A., Grajales Valencia, M., Jiménez Fadul, A. M., Agudelo Acosta, S. C., & Moreno Carillo, A. (2012). Initial Assessment of the Pediatric Patient: How to Perform?. Universitas Medica, 54(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed54-1.eipp
Issue
Section
Reviews